SU231931A1 - RADIOMETRIC SEPARATOR OF PIECE MATERIALS, - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to devices for separating lumpy materials based on different absorptivity with respect to radiation of a radioactive source of components of the mixture to be separated, for example, pieces of rock and coal, stones and potato tuber, soil lumps and fruits, etc.

Separators of this principle are known for separating impurities from potato tubers; containing a number of conveyors that individually transfer the components of the mixture to the control zone formed by the radiation source and receiver. The receiver perceives the radiation attenuated in various degrees and uses it as a control signal for the actuator separating the product and impurities into different streams. To prevent possible overlap of zones of attenuated radiation from large tubers and small stones, these separators require pre-sorting of the components of the mixture by size and, therefore, the presence of devices for sorting.

This increases the size of the separators and reduces their performance, which eliminates the possibility of using the last

directly on the cleaning machines and reduces their productivity.

The difference of the proposed separator is that the device for sorting

made in the form of a chain-slat conveyor with pivotally attached to the chains slats moving free ends along the copier. The distance from the copier to the chains increases along the conveyor.

Conveyors for single-piece supply of sorted components are located in the contour of the sorting transverse to it and made in the form of screens. This improves the performance of separators and reduces their size.

The screens are located around the positon and oscillate in the opposite direction. Each screen has several gutters. One of the walls of the gutters is common on two adjacent gutters and is located vertically and the other is inclined. The gutter dimensions increase along the sorting conveyor. The gutters in the control zone have holes for the passage of actuators pushers arranged for gutters or crosswise. FIG. 1 shows the proposed separator with the pushers arranged crosswise; in fig. 2 - the same, with parallel pushers; in fig. 3 - pushers in both versions, front view; FIG. 4 - crash, view from above and along L - A, B - B and B - C; in fig. 5 — radiation source and cross-shaped pushers.

The main separator units are the loading conveyor 1, the sorting conveyor 2 with the cam 3, the rumble 4, the radioactive source 5, the radioactive receivers 6 controlling the equipmentative electromagnets 7, and the conveyors 8 for outputting tubers and impurities.

Conveyor 2 consists of two chains connected by rods arranged with gaps into which the largest potato tubers might fall. The rods A are hingedly hung on the rods A with the free ends resting on the spring of the SZ in order to gradually increase the gap between the rods from minimum to maximum.

The ends of the copiers are secured.

Depending on the yield and size of the tubers, the clearance of the slats 9 is controlled by the JO mechanism.

The adjustment mechanism 10 consists of screws interlocked with a chain or gear drive with screws on the other side, longitudinal windows and hinges, allowing you to raise and lower the copiers using a handle.

Multichannel screens 4 with the purpose of balancing are located in an positine and are driven into oscillatory motion by a curvature-sciatunal mechanism 11.

The surface of the screens is made in the form of gutters, the dimensions of which, but the width and height, gradually increase along the sorting conveyor to receive small to large iredmets. In order to obtain the maximum supply of items, the speed of advancement of large items must be greater than the average, and medium ones must be smaller, so that an equal number of items pass through the channel during the same time. Therefore, the entire surface must consist of the maximum number of screens and each must have a different amplitude, but the same number of oscillations so that it is possible to proportionally increase or decrease the rates of movement of objects on all screens simultaneously, only by changing the number of revolutions.

Each trough of screens with the collision of foreign objects perpendicular to the movement consists of two stages: the receiving part and the working part. The receiving part (see Fig. 4 Sec. Along B - B) consists of two vertical and inclined planes with an arbitrary radius of rounding. The working part of the channel (see Fig. 4, Sech. But L-A and B-B) is formed by vertical and inclined walls, in order to create (mixture) while moving

they did not deviate from the given direction and all the time passed to the vertical wall. For this, the rounding radius of the lower part is chosen to be less than or equal to the smallest size of the lump and the floor entering the channel for automatic separation. The angle between the vertical and inclined planes is chosen to be the smallest, but so that objects do not become wedged in the plane during movement. Caleda pair of gutters in the work area

separated from the other pair by a gap of 12, in

which collide with foreign objects.

At the end of the gutter there are slots 13

and 14 for the passage pusher executive

mechanism. The slits of the two adjacent grooves are displaced so that the objects, while simultaneously pushed together in one gap, do not interfere with one another. The working surface of the screens is covered with RUBBER in order to protect the tubers from rotting and reducing noise when moving stones. The window 15 for passing the source beams is covered with rubber so that small objects do not get stuck in it.

Radioactive source 5 is located under each trough, radioactive receiver

6- above the gutter.

The collimator 16 of the radioactive source in the upper part is made conical and closed

cork so that the soil does not accumulate on its surface. The collimator cap is made of a material (rubber, organic glass, etc.) that absorbs little radioactive rays.

The location of the center of the rays of the radioactive source 5 for pushing objects perpendicular to the movement is selected in the center of the smallest clump of soil (shown by the flat line) entering the channel for

automatic separation. The centers of the largest soil lumps (dotted lines) will be shifted, but the degree of absorption of rays by large lumps of soil will be more than the absorption of the smallest lumps, since

the passage of the rays of the section plane of large objects will always be larger than the section plane of the smallest object. Pushers of executive electromagnets

7dl pushing objects perpendicular to the movement are located crosswise, and

for collision in the course of movement - in parallel, with a slope forward.

For pushing small objects, the pusher can be made in the form of a single plate, and for large objects it can be made of several plates in the form of a fork.

Conveyors for collecting tubers and, if necessary, impurities, are separated by walls. Each type of tubers using the system

shields are fed to a given section. The conveyor can be made of bar type for screening out small soils or from a conveyor belt if it is necessary to collect also small soil, for example, in a potato sorted Radiometric separator works as follows. The feed conveyor / delivers the dispersed mass, separated from the tops, plant residues and shallow soil to the sorting conveyor 2 so that the separated objects are dispersed on the surface of the conveyor 2 and do not interfere with each other during fallout. As the slats 9 of the conveyor belt are opened, 2 objects fall out in the grooves of the screens. To prevent objects from rolling on the grooves, vertical walls are inserted on the surface of the screens. Due to the oscillatory movement and the conveyor 2 supply, the number of objects per screens is less than their descent from screens, they line up individually in a row in each channel and advance to the actuators. The radiometric part and the electromagnetic actuator are tuned for each channel with a guarantee of a high percentage of separation of potatoes from the tubers from the rims. Tubers of potatoes have a degree of radiation absorption of radioactive rays significantly less than the clumps of soil and stones that have entered the same channel. The effect of unequal absorption of gamma radiation by tubers and impurities serves as the basis for the automatic actuation of the actuator only on clumps of soil and stones. Therefore, a lump of soil or a stone caught in the intersection of gamma radiation is dropped by the electromagnet pusher section of the conveyor 8 or onto the floor surface, and tubers of size by the system of guide plates are distributed over sections of the same conveyor. The subject of the invention 1. A radiometric separator of bulk materials, mainly agricultural farm products, such as potatoes from soil lumps and stones, containing a device for sorting the components of the mixture by size and conveyors of their single supply to the control zone, formed for the HL of the transporter by the radiation source and the receiver, control actuating separating mechanism, characterized in that, for the purpose of both increasing production and reducing the size of the separator, the device for The vanes are made in the form of a chain-slat conveyor with hinges attached to the chains by slats moving free ends along the copier, the distance from which to the chains increases along the conveyor, and the conveyors for the sensory supply of sorted components are arranged in the contour of the sorting device the form of screens. 2. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the screens are located in an opposit and oscillate in antiphase. 3. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the screens has several same legs, one of the walls of which, common to two troughs, is vertical and the other obliquely, with the size of the troughs increasing along the sorting conveyor. 4. A separator according to claim 3, characterized in that the channels in the control zone have openings for the passage of actuators pushers arranged crosswise for the adjacent channels or in parallel.

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