SU1912A1 - Water electrolysis apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The technical apparatus for the electrolysis of water, in its simplest form, contains several alternately fortified positive and negative electrodes made of iron or other metals immersed in a tank containing water, which is reported to have easy conductivity with soda or caustic alkali.

In order to achieve better utilization of the apparatus, it is important that the voltage difference between the two opposite points of two electrodes of different names remain constant, as well as, on the other hand, it is important that the conductivity of the electrodes between the two target surfaces remain constant at each point.

In the electrolytic instruments used, the above requirements are not met. The current flows into the upper parts and flows out from the upper parts of the electrodes, so that between the upper parts of the electrodes of the opposite name the voltage gets the greatest value, meanwhile, as at the bottom this voltage is minimum. The difference between these two values depends on the internal resistances of the electrodes. In addition, the conductivity of the electrolytic layer between two

active surfaces fluctuate according to the density of the electrolytic solution, because gas bubbles collect in the upper part of the layer and turn it into a real emulsion. The proposed electrolytic apparatus is intended to eliminate the above inconveniences.

In the attached drawings, the apparatus is shown in three embodiments. The first form, FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross section of the electrodes A to B, and FIG. 2-part device opposite electrodes surfaces.

A and B are two adjacent electrodes made of iron or another metal in the form of high flat boxes, located in a tank from which they are electrically isolated. Each electrode consists of two iron plates 2, equipped with numerous cuts, from which are formed the horizontal and curved blades, giving the board the appearance of blinds (Fig. 2). Both iron plates 2 are connected to one or several tubes I, which serve to supply current to the plastines 2, which are bent on the sides in such a way that they represent a kind of vertical pipes open at the top and bottom and fitted on a considerable surface.

cuts. Thanks to such a device, the generated gases are immediately directed into the interior of the electrode.

To isolate the AH B electrodes from each other and to avoid mixing of both gases, one or two porous diaphragms 3, for example, from asbestos, are located very close to each other between the active surfaces. Into the electrodes B, current is supplied from below through wires 4 passing through tubes 7 from which they are isolated by asbestos fibers. Into the electrodes A, current is supplied from above by wires 5. The small bells 6 of insulating material serve for separate collection of gases that are then discharged outside.

The second form shown in FIG. 3 is a vertical cross section of electrodes A and B.

This form is similar to the first one and differs from it in that while in the first electrodes, the anode and cathode are always fixed in the lid, in the second form they are fixed alternately in the lid and in the bottom of the device, for example, the anode in the lid, and the cathode in the bottom of the tank, while being electrically isolated from it.

The third form is shown in FIG. 4, showing a vertical cross-section of electrodes A and B. This shape differs from the first two in that while electrodes A are still isolated from reservoir C and current is supplied from above via wires 5, electrodes B are electrically one whole with the tank in which they are located. The current is supplied by wires 4. Thus, the reservoir participates in the electrolysis. It is separated from the other electrodes by a porous diaphragm that covers the inner surface of the entire reservoir.

Due to this arrangement of the electrodes, the minimum electrical resistance is achieved, since the working surfaces of the electrodes are located in possible proximity to each other and are separated by one or two porous partitions, besides, the gases immediately after the formation are directed inside the electrodes, so that the opposite the surfaces remain always clean and no polarization occurs on them. The resistance of the electrolyte between the electrodes is minimized, and the resulting gases are perfectly clean because they are separated automatically with the assistance of the diaphragm, and moreover, since the current flows to two adjacent electrodes in two mutually opposite directions, the voltage between electrodes with the best possible use of working surfaces.

SUBJECT OF THE PATENT.

1. A device for the electrolysis of water with electrodes arranged according to a type of louver, characterized in that in order to supply current to oppositely located electrode electrodes A to B, consisting of one or several current-carrying tubes / (Fig. 1, 5 and 8) with iron plates 2 attached to them (Fig. 4), conductors 5, connected from above, are applied in electrode A, connected from above, and conductors 4 passing through tube 1, connected to the electrode from below (Fig. 1).

2. The modification of the device described in paragraph 1, characterized in that the conductors 4 pass through the bottom of the vessel, and are either electrically insulated from it (Fig. 5), or form with it one common electrode (. 8), in which case the surface of vessel C is covered with a porous diaphragm 8 (for example, asbestos).

t NGO-lithograph “Red Pechatnik, Leningrad, International, 75.

./one

A s

with