SU1803811A1 - Machine for friction and wear tests of materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to testing equipment and can be used when testing materials for friction and wear.

The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality by providing testing not only on disk-disk, disk-block, shaft bush schemes, but also on disk-finger, ring-ring and ball rotating through three stationary balls. This makes it possible to reduce the nomenclature of the production of friction machines and at the same time increase the efficiency of the use of equipment in testing centers and research laboratories. An additional 5 objective of the invention is to reduce the error in measuring the moment of friction during the experiment. .

In FIG. 1 shows a general spindle diagram of a universal machine for testing materials for friction and wear; in FIG. 2 general scheme of a universal machine for implementing a disk-finger test scheme; in FIG. 3 is a general diagram of a universal machine for implementing the test circuit 15 ring-ring; in FIG. 4 is a general diagram of a universal machine for implementing a test pattern of a ball rotating in three stationary balls.

The spindle of a universal machine for 20 tests of materials for friction and wear consists of a housing 1, a large cup 2, a small cup 3, bearings 4, a shaft 5, a retaining ring 6, a large cover 7, a small cover 8. The spindle is placed in the lower headstock 25 9 and is connected to the test chamber 10, which is in the middle ⁴ Nenz in the form of a hollow cylinder with a viewing window 11 and an opening 12 for draining the lubricating medium. The test chamber 10 is centered on the spindle with a belt 13. Moving samples 15, 25, 29 are mounted on the spindle shaft through adapters 14, 28, 32. On. on the right flange of the test chamber, a cover 16 is fastened with holes, the axes of which are 35 parallel to the axis of the hollow cylinder, designed to accommodate fixed samples 17 and a lever-cargo device consisting of an arm 18, a lever 19, and weights 20. 40

Depending on the application of the test circuit, a centering hollow body 21 with a shaft 22, 45 coaxial to the hollow cylinder is mounted on the right flange of the test chamber 10. The centering body 21 has a cover 23 on which a lifting-cargo device is mounted. A fixed sample 24 is fastened to the shaft 22. From turning, the shaft 22 is fixed with a growl 50 gom 26 and a plate 27.

Instead of a fixed sample 24, a cup 30 for can be mounted on the shaft 22. placing three stationary samples of balls 31, 55

At tests according to the schemes: disc; disk block; shaft-sleeve universal machine for testing materials for friction and wear is applied According to the prototype, i.e. according to the technical description and operating instructions for the machine 2070 SMT-1.

In the transition to test schemes; ring ring; thumb drive; ball rotating along three stationary balls — the machine spindle must be replaced by a spindle that accepts axial load (Fig. 1). For this, a large cup 2 and a small cup 10 3, angular contact bearings 4 and a shaft 5 are inserted into the spindle housing 1, the locking ring 6 fixes the shaft from axial displacements, and the bearings lock the large cover 7 and small cover 8. Lubrication is carried out 15 grease TsIATIM-201. During the operation of the spindle, the axial force from the shaft 5 is transmitted in turn by two angular contact bearings No. 208 to the large cup 2, and then to the spindle housing 1.

When tested according to the disk-finger scheme (Fig. 2), a test chamber 10, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, is centered on the lower headstock of the machine 9, which is centered along the axis of rotation of the shaft of the spinning rod 25 with a special belt 13, which are the flanges of the large glass 2 and covers large 7. The left flange of the test chamber is mounted on the headstock. Rotation from the shaft 5 through the adapter 14 is transmitted to the movable sample 15 in the form of a disk. A cover 16 is attached to the right flange of the test chamber. The cover has openings, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the hollow cylinder, designed to accommodate fixed samples 17 in the form of a finger and attach the lever-load device. In the process, a stationary sample-finger 17 is pressed against a rotating sample-disk 15.

In tests according to the ring-ring scheme (Fig. 3), a centering hollow body 21 with a shaft 22 coaxial with the hollow cylinder is mounted on the right flange of the test chamber 10. On the right flange of the centering hollow body, a cover 23 is fastened with a lever-load device fixed to it. The load from the lever-load device through the shaft 22 is transmitted to the stationary sample 24. The movable 50 sample 25 through a special adapter 28 mounted on a ball bearing (not shown in FIG. 3) is connected to the rotating shaft 5. The shaft 22 is fixed from rotation by the lever 26 and plate 27.

In tests according to the design, a ball rotating with three stationary balls (Fig. 4) in the above construction replaces an adapter 32 in which a rotating ball 29 and b is clamped with a collet clamp (in Fig. 4 not yet ___)

a cup 30 with three stationary balls 31 placed therein is mounted on the shaft 22. In the process, the rotation from the shaft 5 is transmitted to the ball 29, to which three stationary balls 31 are pressed using the lever-load device through the shaft 22 and the glass 30.

In all of the above test schemes, the frictional moment is measured by the same friction moment measuring sensor, which is calibrated according to one technique, as a result of the error in measuring the friction moment when switching to other test schemes, they will be minimized.

The principle of the machine is the abrasion of a pair of samples pressed against each other by a given force.

At tests according to the schemes: disk-disk; disk block; the shaft-sleeve, the principle of operation of the device is similar to the prototype.

In the transition to the schemes: ring-ring; thumb drive; ball rotating with three motionless balls the principle of action is as follows. An electric motor rotates the spindle shaft 5 (capable of absorbing axial load) through an element of the kinematic scheme, on which moving samples are mounted through special adapters 14, 28, 32: disk 15, ring 25, ball 29.

Fixed samples: finger 17, ring 24, three balls 31 are pressed against the sheath using a lever-cargo device. The loading force created by the load 20 is transmitted to the stationary samples through the lever 19, the bracket 18 and the shaft 22 (for ring-ring circuits, the ball rotates along three stationary balls).

In the process of working on a moving sample, the friction moment is measured using a friction moment sensor.

The advantage of the proposed universal machine for testing materials for friction and wear; in comparison with the prototype, it consists in the fact that it allows implementing six test schemes on one drive, which significantly expands the functionality of any commercially available friction machine. This will make it possible to reduce the nomenclature of the production of friction machines at the Tochpribor software and at the same time increase the efficiency of equipment use in testing centers and research laboratories. These events will give a great economic effect, because the cost of one installation is about 10 thousand rubles.

The proposed technical solution will improve the accuracy of the measured parameters during the experiments. the experiment will be carried out using the same measuring and recording means. Therefore, when switching to other test schemes, the spread of the experimental results will be minimized.

Claims (4)

Claim 1. A machine for testing materials for friction and wear, comprising a bed, a rotation drive installed thereon, a headstock, a spindle installed in the headstock and including a housing placed therein by bearings, a shaft, one end of which is connected to the rotation drive, connected to the other the end of the shaft, the holder of the movable sample, the holder of the stationary sample, the loading unit, the test chamber and the friction torque sensor, characterized in that. in order to expand functionality by providing testing not only on disk-disk, disk-block and shaft-hub schemes, but also on disk-finger, ring-ring and ball rotating circuits, using three stationary balls, and to increase the accuracy of measuring the friction moment , it is equipped with two cups installed in the spindle housing and intended for mounting a shaft with bearings in them, and the test chamber is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with two flanges, one of which is mounted on the headstock and the other is fixedly attached to the holder of sample loading and the node, and means for centering the spindle relative to the hollow cylinder. 2. Machine pop. 1, characterized in that when tested according to the disk-finger scheme, the holder of a fixed sample is made in the form of a cover connected to the second flange with holes whose axes are parallel to the axis of the hollow cylinder, designed to be placed at different distances from the axis of the fixed sample - finger. 3. Machine pop. 1, characterized in that when tested according to the ring design, the holder of a fixed sample is made in the form of a hollow body with a shaft coaxial with the hollow cylinder and designed to accommodate an immovable sample - a ring, and a lid associated with the loading unit. 4. The machine according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, with a flea in that, when tested according to the scheme, ball ¹ , rotating along three fixed balls, is equipped with a glass mounted on the shaft of the holder of the stationary sample, designed to accommodate samples - balls. 91 Si 91 USlQl Compiled by V. Voitov Editor T. Ivanova Tehred M. Morgenthal Corrector L. Fil Order 1052 Circulation Subscription VNIIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushskaya nab., 4/5 Production and Publishing Combine Patent, Uzhgorod, 101 Gagarin St.