SU1794400A1 - Method of seedling growing - Google Patents

Description

UNION OF THE SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC „„ SU, “> 1794400 A1

STATE PATENT OFFICE OF THE USSR (GOSPATENT of the USSR)

OP ISAI AND E AND GOITTER RETAIL

TO AUTHOR'S CERTIFICATE (21) 4801052/15 (22) 11.01.90 (46) 02.15.93. Bull. No. 6 (71) Institute of Physical Chemistry named after L. V. Pisarzhevsky, Central Republican Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (72) Yu, N. Zaritsky, G.V. Sandul. S. N. Sveshnikov, Τ. M. Cherevchenko and N.V. Zaimenko (56) Handbook of amateur gardener / Ed. L.V. Pavlenko. Kharkov: Prapor, 1988. (54) METHOD FOR GROWING Saplings (57) Use: agriculture and forestry, in particular when growing saplings of fruit vines (actinidia, grapes, and lemongrass). The inventive grow seedlings from cuttings in a protected ground. Rooting of cuttings is carried out on a mineral wool substrate with a full moisture capacity of 60-85 vol.%, Moisture absorption of 15-35 vol.% And a density of 75-150 kg / m ³ , which is treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of alum-potassium alum and sucrose 18-20 hours before planting the cuttings based on dry matter 50-100 g per 1 m ^{3 of} substrate until it is fully saturated. 4 tab.

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can · / · be used for growing soot. Fruit stems (ian (actinidia, grapes, lemongrass) by rooting green and semi-freshened cuttings in protected ground.

A known method of growing grape seedlings in a protected ground by rooting vaccinations that have been stratified in a substrate containing clinoptilolite and peat in a ratio of 4; 1. This method provides a sufficiently high survival rate and increases the yield of first-class seedlings to 94-96%. However, this does not provide extra seedlings. In addition, this method is suitable only for ¹ grape growing.

The aim of the invention is to expand the range of cultivated plants by increasing the survival rate of actinidia, lemongrass and grape cuttings, and improving their quality.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing seedlings, including harvesting cuttings, their rooting and growing in a substrate in a protected ground, rooting of cuttings is carried out on a mineral wool substrate with a full moisture capacity of 60-85 vol.%, Moisture absorption of 15-35 vol.% And density 75-150 kg / m ³ , which for 16-20 hours before planting the cuttings is treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of potassium alum and sucrose based on the dry matter of 50-100 g and 200-300 g per 1 m ^{3 of the} substrate until it is fully saturated.

For the manufacture of mineral wool substrate used fiber with a diameter of 3-10 microns, obtained from a melt of the mixture, consisting of the main rock, dolomitized limestone and coke, taken in the ratio of 60:20:20. As

SU <,.> 1794400 A1 of the main rock, which is the feedstock for the production of mineral fiber, used basalt (example

1), pyroxene porphyrite (example 2), gabro-diabase (froze).

The chemical composition (%) of mineral fibers obtained from the melt of the above main rocks (according to the chemical analysis of the fibers) is shown in Table 1.

The composition of the substrate compositions used in the implementation of the claimed method of growing seedlings is given in table. 2.

Since the performance of the mineral wool substrate depends on the composition of its main component, the mineral fiber, as well as the content of the components in the composition, mineral wool substrates are obtained (according to Examples 1-3) with a fairly wide range of varying characteristics.

The method is illustrated by specific examples of its implementation.

Mineral-cotton substrate with the given parameters: full moisture capacity of 60-85 vol.%, Moisture absorption of 15-35 vol.%. with a density of 75-150 kg / m ³ , cut into cubes 10X10X (8-20) cm in size and having holes for planting cuttings, was treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of sucrose and alum-potassium alum based on 200-300 and 50-100 g / cm ^{3 of} substrate respectively. After 16-20 hours, seedlings of fruit vines were planted in the prepared holes: grapes, lemongrass or actinidia, and semi-lignified grafts of 3-4 grape-seed grapes were planted to a depth of 5-6 cm, 2-eye grafts were planted 4-5 cm. 1 - ocellar - by 2-3 cm at an inclination angle of 60-70 °. The semi-lignified 2-x-3x ocellar actinidia cuttings 1218 cm long were buried by 5-6 cm at an angle of 70 °. In the same way, 3-x-4 ocellar schisandra planted were planted.

When growing grape seedlings, actinidia and lemongrass, the substrate humidity was maintained at 60-70% PV. the air temperature in the greenhouse is 16 ~ 25 ° C.

At the same time, a control was prepared: the cuttings were planted in a mineral wool substrate without treatment, treated only with sucrose solution (250 g / m ³ ) or alum solution (80 g / m ³ ), as well as in a standard soil mixture used to grow fruit vines, including turf soil, humus, sand. As a prototype used clinoptilolite and peat in a ratio of 4: 1.

In the table. 3-4, data are presented on the yield of seedlings of fruit vines, an increase in their survival, depending on the parameters of the substrate and the claimed method of growing, as well as the results of vegetation tests taking into account 10-fold repetition and statistical processing on the output parameters of seedlings of fruit vines. The yield of first-class seedlings of superelite - extra-class, 1st class-elite and everything) is calculated from the growth length taking into account the volume of roots. In this case, the indicator of root volume is auxiliary.

As can be seen from the data table. 3, the method provides, in contrast to the prototype, obtaining extra-class seedlings when growing grapes, actinidia and lemongrass. At the same time, the overall (total) yield of first-class seedlings also increases (from 78-96% of the prototype to 96-99%) and their survival rate improves.

There is also a significant advantage in a number of indicators when growing seedlings according to the proposed method compared to growing on standard soil mixtures (the base object), including sod land, humus: sand = 30: 60: 10 (Table 4).

So, the proposed method provides effective growth and root formation of seedlings, exceeding the prototype, in which the growth rate of seedlings, for example, grapes and root volume, respectively, is 17.4 cm and 2.5 cm ³ . At the same time, a high yield of healthy planting material, a reduction in the time of rooting of seedlings was noted. The marked features contribute to the simplification of growing technology using the claimed method. In addition, the method allows to obtain seedlings at lower relative humidity (60-70%) and relatively low air temperature (16-25 ° C), additional heating of the substrate is not required.

If the seedlings cannot be planted in a permanent place in the same season, they continue to develop well in the substrate used until the next season.

- The cultivation of vegetative seedlings reduces the laying time of a super-elite mother liquor by a year (from 2 years to 1 g).

The invention allows, in comparison with the prototype, to expand the range of cultivated plants; it ensures the successful cultivation of not only grape seedlings, but also other fruit vines of actinidia, Schisandra chinensis, etc., from green and semi-lignified cuttings.

Claims (1)

Claim ' A method of growing seedlings, including harvesting cuttings, rooting them and growing in a substrate in a protected ground, which is aimed at expanding the assortment of grown plants by increasing the survival rate of actinidia, lemongrass and grape cuttings and improving their quality, rooting of cuttings is carried out on a mineral wool substrate with a total moisture capacity of 60-80 vol.%. moisture absorption of 15-35 vol.% and a charge of 75-150 kg / m ³ , which 16-20 hours before planting the cuttings is treated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of potassium alum and sucrose based on dry matter of 50-100 g and 200-300 g per 1 m ^{3 of the} substrate until it is fully saturated. Table 1 Component ..........— ¹ ! ¹ .Μ · .. 1 1 'IG · .. ··· »» »·. · Ml. ........ • Content of components,%, in the main rock ' Basalt Pyroxene Porphyrite Gabro Diabase Silica 48,42 40.4 46.30 Aluminium oxide . 15.97 13.0 13.87 Iron oxide 13.28 8.5 9.09 Calcium oxide 9.31 22.5 15.67 Magnesium oxide 5.84 9.6 6.10 Titanium oxide 2.64 2,8 2.89 Manganese Oxide 0.22 0.25 0.18 Potassium oxide 0.73 0.93 0.75 . Sodium oxide 2.42 2.2 1,62 Impurities 0.78 5.36 3.83 Table and ca 2 Components, May. % Contents, May. % by examples 1 2 3 Mineral fiber 98.4 97.5 98.0 Phenol formaldehyde binder 1,5 2.0 1.7 Polyacrylamide 0.1 0.5 0.3 1794400 8 Table 3 The dependence of increasing the yield of seedlings of fruit vines and increasing their survival on the parameters of the proposed method a ’· '. ··· Substrate Parameters The processing time of the substrate, h The parameters of the mixture for processing cuttings Seedlings yield; % The degree of survival. % Substrate moisture; fatness, vol. % moisture capacity, vol. % density kg / m ³ potassium alum sucrose; Superelite The elite Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven In and about g EVA Mineral wool Untreated / control / Treated with a mixture of sucrose and potassium alum / examples V3Z Sucrose Treated Treated with alum-potassium alum Soil mixture / turf land, humus, sand / Clinoptilolite prototype: peat 4: 1 fifteen fifteen 35 25 fifteen fifteen 60 60. 85 75 60 60 75. 75 .150 100. 75 ·. 75 16 20 18 .. ^'15 20; 50 '100,. 75 80 200 ' 300 ·: 250 250 ³⁹ '84 79 80 47 52 17 51 fifteen 18 1.7  45. 41 62 9B ^'90 99. 97 98 92 93 79 9J 72 100 92 96 79 75 61 92 Actinide and I - Mineral-cotton Without treatment / control / Treated with a mixture of sucrose and potassium alum / examples 1-3 / _h Treated with sucrose Treated with potassium alum Soil / turf, humus, sand / Prototype 25 '15 35 ²⁵ 25 25 75 60 AT 5 . '75. . 75 ' 75 too 75 ^? • 150: 100 too 100 1B 20 18 ; 18 ' 18 50.10075 80 200 300 250 250 26 42 43 45 . · W 34 is 24 65 58 5 $ 54 62 8.1 71 58 91 98 99 99 ^: 94 95 88-82 72. 84 97 99 63 ‘ . 80. 63 52 Lemon, YK · - - Mineral Without treatment / control / Processed with a mixture of sucrose and potassium alum / examples 1-3 Sucrose Treated Treated with potassium alum Soil mix / turf land, humus, sand / Prototype 35 fifteen 35 25 35 ' 35 85 60 85 75 85 85 150 75 150 100 iso; 150 t8 20 18 20 20 fifty 100 • 75 80 200 300 '250 250 ¹⁸ 21: 25 • 2? 19 20 16 10 67 75 73 74 68 67 61 68 85 98 98 97 87 87 7B .78 67 87 94 '90 78. 75 58 65 Table 4 The results of the vegetation tests, taking into account the statistical processing of the output parameters of the proposed method Substrate Volume of roots. cm ³ ± Δ1 .cm ³ Growth length. CM : ^ Dg.cm ³ Education callus days. Rooting dates, days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vinog glad / Example 1 / Mineral wool without treatment / control / 2.7 0.2 45.4 4.0 10 44 Treated with a mixture of sucrose and potassium alum 5.4 0.4 58.7 5.2 6 thirty Sucrose Treated 4.2 0.3 47.5 52 8 10 Treated with potassium alum 3.1. 0.3 51.9 4.6. 10 ⁴¹ Soil mix / turf land, humus, sand / 1.5 0.2 41.3 .3.9 12 53 Continuation of table 4 1 2 3 4 . . J 5 6 7 Actinidia / example 3 / Miierzlovagny without treatment / control / 16.1 1.2 18.3 1.4 10 24 Treated with a mixture of sucrose and potassium alum 20.6 1.6 26.7 1.9 6 19 Sucrose Treated * 17.3 1.4 18.9 1.5 8 22 Treated with potassium alum 16.9 1.3  23.5 1.7 ' 9 23 Soil mix / turf land, humus, sand / 12.3 1.1 20.6 1.6 eleven 26 Schisandra / example 2 / Mineral wool without treatment / control / 21.3 1.7 24.5 1.8 9 29th Treated with a mixture of sucrose and potassium alum 32.6 2.8 34.8 s.1 7 22 Sucrose Treated 25.4 2.0 28.3 2.4 9 28 Treated with potassium alum 23.7 1.9 30.6 2.9 9 29th Soil mix / Sod land, humus, sand / 25.7 2.1 28.1 25 12 34 Note: ± Δ1. ± Δ2. - the maximum deviation of indicators from the average value.