SU1768020A3 - Method of young cattle feeding - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: for agriculture, in particular for feeding animals, and can be used in industrial complexes and individual households for raising young ruminants. Essence: as a source of bioactivators, a complex dietary-microbial-mineral additive containing cicatricial amilolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovis AO 24/85, microelements: copper, cobalt, iodine, zinc and, additionally, in its composition enter selenium, iron, manganese and nickel. 8 tab., 3 Il.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to animal husbandry, and can be used in feeding ruminant animals to enhance the growth stimulating effect, accelerate the formation of cicatricial type of digestion, enhance metabolism, assimilation and anabolism in the body, increase the increase in body weight while reducing milk costs.

Traditional dietary methods for feeding ruminants suffer from significant drawbacks, caused primarily by the high costs of milk, which in cattle reach up to 800 liters. They are characterized by minimal use of vegetable feed (hay and special feed) and the slow formation of cicatricial type of digestion.

Modern dietary methods of feeding provide for the stimulation of the formation of cicatricial type of digestion in juveniles by feeding dietetic-substrate mixtures of reparative agents, benign hay and special feeds with a gradual decrease in the traditional norms of drinking milk. To increase the digestibility of vegetable feed and accelerate de telnosti functional use dioticheski- rumen microbial preparation, i.e. together with vegetable (preferably with amyloid) feeds fed rumen amylolytic bacteria Streptococcus bovis in combination with additives such trace elements such as copper, cobalt, iodine and zinc one.

However, a disadvantage of modern methods, including a microbial dyegic preparation, is that

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they do not include in the diet to eliminate the shortage of many more biologically very important substances and, above all, such mineral bioactivators as selenium, iron, manganese and nickel. Therefore, they still do not sufficiently ensure the timely colonization of the rumen by symbiotic microorganisms, the necessary rates of their reproduction and viability. This, in turn, is accompanied by insufficient levels of formation of scar metabolism and assimilation of nutrients of the feed, as well as anabolic processes in the body and ultimately gains in live weight of animals,

The aim of the invention is to increase the growth-stimulating effect, accelerate the formation of cicatricial type of digestion, enhance the processes of metabolism, assimilation and anabolism in the body, increase the increase in body weight with reduced costs of milk.

The goal is achieved by feeding young ruminants ad libitum-substrate mixtures of growth-stimulating agents, benign hay, special feed combined with a gradual decrease in the traditional norms of drinking milk, but to increase the growth-stimulating effect, accelerate the formation of cicatricial type of digestion, enhance metabolism, assimilation and anabolism in the body, increasing the increase in body weight with reduced milk costs, use a complex dietary source of bioactivators Ecology-microbial supplement containing cicatricial amylolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovis, microelements: copper, cobalt, iodine, zinc and, additionally, selenium, iron, manganese and nickel are added in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Sulfate of copper0,078-0,589

Cobalt sulphate 0,047-0,095 Potassium iodide 0,016-0,032 Zinc oxide 0,498-1,867

Selenokisaty sodium 0,002-0,017 Ferrous sulphate 0,990-3,980 Manganese carbonate 0,980-3,677 Nickel sulphate 0,190-5,260 Powdered milk Others

with the introduction of cicatricial microbes of Streptococcus bovis in quantities of 5-10-1 10 bacteria for every 1-2 g of the supplement.

The invention is explained in experiments carried out on calves (bullheads analogous to the black-and-white breed) from 10-20 to 100-120 days of age. In each compared example, 10 animals are used. For tel t 1 example (control) use the traditional method of feeding, providing a high level

drinking milk (over 600 l per head) without the use of special agents that stimulate the formation of cicatricial type of digestion and other specific properties of an adult ruminant animal. In the dietary feeding method, 2 examples (control) are used as stimulators for the formation of scar type digestion and the acquisition of other specific properties of an adult ruminant animal.

5 dietary-substrate means, i.e., they feed plenty of good-quality hay and dry special feed while gradually reducing the traditional norms of milk drinking. The same feeding method as in 2

0 example (control II), used in example 3 (the prototype). However, here, a dietary-microbial preparation containing cicatricial amylolytic agents is also used as a source of bioactivators.

5 microbes of Streptococcus bovis, as well as trace elements: copper, cobalt, iodine and zinc. And for 4, 5 and 6 examples (according to the claimed solution) the same feeding conditions are used as in example 3 (according to the prototype), but in them in

As a source of bioactivators, a complex additive is used that contains a dietary-microbial preparation and, in addition, such minerals as selenium, iron, manganese and nickel.

5 The study of the biochemical and productive action of various dietary feeding methods is carried out by conventional methods that meet the requirements of the current level of research.

0 Particular attention is paid to the study of the rate of formation of the processes of fermentation, metabolism and biosynthesis (anabolism) in the rumen. At the same time, a thorough analysis of indicators

5 levels of cicatricial type of digestion, including growth in the number of amylolytic microbes, amylase activity, formation of the final products of the fermentation of carbohydrates (VFA) and energy efficiency of low molecular weight carboxylic acids (E% Ca-C4), metabolism and biosynthesis of nitrogenous substances , as well as the processes of assimilation, metabolism and anabolism in the blood with a parallel account

5 increase in live weight of animals, milk costs, etc.

Example 1 (control I). Investigate indicators of the level of formation of cicatricial type of digestion, metabolism, anabolism and nutrient assimilation, and

also - weight gains, the cost of milk and other feeds in the traditional way of feeding the body without using any additional and special stimulants. Calf drink 3-7 liters of milk per head per day. Feed with table salt (8-12 g per head per day), teach to eat benign hay (50-800 g per head per day) and special feed (50-900 g per head per day) and organize free access to water in the auto drinkers.

Example 2 (control II). Examine indicators of the level of formation of cicatricial type of digestion, metabolism, anabolism and assimilation of nutrients, as well as the increase in body weight of the body during the dietary feeding method, in which dietary factors are used as stimulants for the formation of cicatricial type of digestion and the acquisition of other specific properties of an adult ruminant animal. -supportants, that is, they feed plenty benign hay (100-1600 g per head per day) and dry special feed (100-200 g per head per day) with gradual sleep izhienii traditional norms of drinking milk (1-5 liters per head per day) and free access to water in auto drinkers.

Example 3 (prototype). The conditions of the dietary method of feeding and studies of biological and productive action are the same as in example 2. However, here a dietary-microbial preparation containing cicatricial amylolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovls is also used as a source of bioactivators, as well as microelements: copper, cobalt, iodine and zinc in the following ratio of components in the mixture, wt.%:

Copper sulfate 0.589

Cobalt sulphate 0.095 Potassium Iodist 0.032 Zinc Oxide1,867

Milk powderEverything up to 100

with the introduction of microbes Streptococcus bovis in quantities of 1 109 bacteria for every 1-2 g of the mixture.

Example 4 (according to the claimed solution). The conditions of the dietary method of feeding and research are the same as in example 3 (according to the prototype), but a complex additive containing dietary-microbial preparation and additionally such minerals as selenium and iron are used as a source of bioactivators.

manganese and nickel in the following ratio of components in the mixture, wt.%:

Copper sulfate .0,078

Cobalt sulphate0,047

Potassium iodide 0,016

Zinc Oxide0.498

Mild sodium0,002

Ferrous sulphate0,990

Manganese carbonated0,980

Nickel sulphate0,190

Milk powderEverything up to 100

with the introduction of cicatricial amylolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovis in quantities of 5 to 10 bacteria for every 1-2 g of the supplement. PRI me R 5 (according to the claimed decision). The conditions for dietary feeding and research are the same as in Examples 3 and 4. As a source of bioactivators, a complex supplement containing a dietary-microbial preparation and additionally such minerals as selenium, iron, manganese and nickel is used in the following ratio of components in the mix, May. %:

Copper sulfate 0.589

Cobalt sulphate0.095

Potassium Dioxide0,032

Zinc Oxide1,867

Selenicoil sodium0,017

Iron Sulphate3,980

Carbon Manganese3,677

Nickel sulfate5,260

Milk powderEverything up to 100

with the introduction of cicatricial amylolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovis in quantities of 1 109 bacteria for every 1-2 g of the supplement. Example 6 (according to the claimed solution). The conditions are the same as in examples 3, 4 and 5 with the following ratio of components in the mixture, wt.%:

Sulfate copper1,178

Cobalt sulfate0,190

Potassium iodide0.064

Zinc Oxide3,734

Selenicoil sodium0,034

Sulfuric Zhezozo7,960

Manganese carbonated7,354 4

Nickel sulfate10,520

Dry milksEverything up to 100

with the introduction of cicatricial amylolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovis in quantities of 2,109 bacteria for every 1-2 g of supplement. The research results are presented in Table. 1-8 and in FIG. 1-3. Figure 1 shows the dynamics of the number of streptococci in the scar environment; 2 shows the dynamics of the activity level of anilase in the rumen; FIG. 3 shows the dynamics of the level of formation of the total amount of low molecular weight carboxylic acids in the rumen, where 1 is the control 1,2 — control 11.3 is the prototype, 4, 5, and 6 are by the stated solution.

The total and daily costs of milk, special feed and hay with different feeding methods are presented in Table 1-3. They testify (Table 1) that for a 100-day period with the traditional method of feeding (1 example; control), 500 l of milk are consumed per calf, its daily feeding varies from 3 to 7 liters per head. In all other examples (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) the rate of milk feeding is reduced 2.5 times, that is, to 200 liters per head or to 1-5 liters per day. A significant reduction in the rate of milk consumption is one of the important conditions for the accelerated transition of calves to dry vegetable feed, as evidenced by the data (Tables 2 and 3) of an increase in 3 times the level of feeding of special feed (from 33.5 to 109 kg per head) and times - benign hay (from 37 to 76 kg per head).

The indicated changes in the diet are accompanied by the fact that the NSCH of the SCH Yay becomes a cicatricial type of digestion, which has been noted in many studies and confirmed by many specific biological indicators, especially in Example 2 (control II). They are listed in table 4-7 and figure 1-3. So, if it concerns the intensity of the digestion, in particular the fermentation of carbohydrates in the rumen (Table 4), the number of amylolytic bacteria - Streptococcus increases by 46% (3.99 against 2.74), the activity of amylase by 66% versus 1.98), the total level of formation of the end products of carbohydrate fermentation (VFA) is 44% (73.8 versus 51.27), which contributes to a significant decrease in pH (from 6.43 to 5.71). This is consistent with the results of studies of the number of streptococci, amylase activity and the level of VFA in dynamics, i.e. in the process of growth and development every 20 days (Figures 1-3). The metabolism of nitrogenous substances undergo significant changes (Table 6): non-protein nitrogen levels increase by more than 2 times (547.1 versus 253.5) and ammonia 3.5 times (196.2 versus 55.6). In parallel, anabolic processes in the rumen are enhanced. They are mainly associated with an increase in the level of symbiotic microorganisms, which is confirmed by an increase of 2.6 times (5.64 versus 2.17) of the activity of glutamine synthetase, an enzyme that participates in the assimilation process of non-protein nitrogen and an increase in the DNA level by more than 2 times (4.42 against 2.07) and total protein of the Cicatricial microorganisms (1199 against 678). These changes in biochemical processes in the rumen positively correlate with indicators of assimilation, metabolism and anabolism in

blood. It significantly increases the level of residual nitrogen (391.1 against 244.3), urea (249.1 against 157.5) and arginase activity (6.55 against 3.98), i.e. an enzyme directly involved in reactions

0 KrebsTenzeleit cycle (urea formation).

However, the degree of these processes of cicatricial digestion of the digestive system is still insufficiently provided with the necessary level of energy. This is evidenced by the decrease in such indicators as the formation of the glycogenic substance — propionate (C3) and the energy efficiency (E% C2 – C4) of low molecular weight

0 carboxylic acids in the rumen (Table 5), a decrease in the entry into the blood of copper, zinc, sugars and proteins, including plasma (Table 7). This is also confirmed by animal productivity indicators. Thus, the average 5 daily gains in body weight of bodies (Table 8) are reduced by 13.6% (753 versus 855).

The above method of feeding the calves, in which as a source

0 bioactivators are also used in a dietary microbial preparation containing cicatricial amylolytic microbes of Streptococcus bovis, as well as microelement copper, cobalt, iodine, and zinc (example 3,

5 to the prototype), provides a noticeable positive effect in comparison with control II (2 example) on the processes of metabolism, assy-1 miltsi and anabolism in the rumen and blood (Figures 1-3 and Tables 4-7), and also increases on

0 4.5% (787 against 753) average daily weight gain (Table 8). This is consistent with previous research data 1.

Dietary feeding method (examples 4.5 and 6 - according to the claimed solution), in

5 of which, as a source of bioactivators, a complex additive is used, containing a dietary-microbial preparation (example 3 - according to the prototype) and an additional | Such biologically important mineral substances as selenium, iron, manganese and nickel significantly increase the studied indicators of biological and productive action. Thus, (Table 4) in comparison with the prototype (Example 3), the amount of streptococci increases by 11–19% (from 4.45 to 4.90–5.20), amylase activity by 15–42% (from 3, 71 to 4.56-5.12), the level of VFA increases by 14–21% (from 78.71 to 88.56-94.05) and the pH decreases by 5–7% (from 5.63 to 5.31 -5.27), and in comparison with control II (2 example), respectively, in terms of indicators: 22.8-30.3% (from 3.99 to 4.90-5.20), 37.8- 54.7% (from 3.31 to 4.56-5.12), 20-27% (from 73.8 to 88.56-94.05) and 7-8% (from 5.71 to 5, 31 - 5.27). In comparison with the traditional method of feeding (1 example, control I), these changes are even more expressive: the number of streptococci, the activity of amylase and the level of VFA increase almost 2 times. This correlates with a significant decrease in pH, i.e., an increase in rumen acidity, which is a common witness of anabolic metabolism. This is confirmed by an increase of 16–20% (in comparison with the prototype — 3 example) of the formation in the rumen of a glucogenic substance — propionate (C3) and an increase by more than 2 percent of the energy yield () of low molecular weight carboxylic acids (Table 5). Proof of this is a significant reduction in the rumen (Table 6) levels of non-protein nitrogen and ammonia. These levels, in comparison with the prototype (example 3), are reduced by 24-37% and 26-44%, respectively, and in comparison with control II (example 2), almost 2 times. These changes are accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the activity of glutamine synthetase, as well as an increase in the protein biosynthesis of symbiotic microorganisms and DNA.

In addition, the blood intake of copper (by 42-130%), zinc (by 77-134%) and the amount of sugars (by 13-28%) increases in blood compared to the prototype (example 3), and compared to the control ( example 2) respectively: 98.8-185.4%, 134.9-191.7% and 17.5-32.9% (Table 7). Against the background of a significant decrease in the concentration of residual nitrogen and urea, as well as arginase activity, the levels of protein in the blood (including its plasma) are significantly increased.

Indicators of anabolic processes in the body positively correlate with an increase in live weight gain (Table 8). So, if in comparison with control II (example 2) the average daily gains of animals in the prototype (example 3) increase only by 4.5%, then the claimed solution in examples 4, 5 and 6 is significantly higher, i.e. they increase accordingly 12.4, 17.5 and 17.8%. Comparing the three levels of dietary feeding (examples 4, 5, and 6), it should be noted that according to the stated solution, the most suitable, both in terms of biological and productive effects, are examples 4 and 5. The use of a complex dietary microbial supplement containing 2 times more than in Example 5, Cicatricial microbes of Streptococcus bovis (2 10 against 1–99 bacteria for every 1-2 g of additive), copper sulfate (1.178 against 0.589), cobalt sulfate (0.190 against 0.095) , potassium iodide (0.064 versus 0.032), zinc oxide (3.734 versus 1.867), s lenokis- logo sodium (0.034 vs. 0.017) sernokis0 logo iron (7,960 versus 3,980), carbon manganese (7,354 versus 3,677), nickel sulfate (10,520 vs. 5,260% in the mixture), is not practical value. Performance Indicators

5 of the biochemical effect and increase in weight gain are almost the same as those in Example 5. Therefore, the limits of feeding the complex dietary-microbial-mineral additive

0 are really those that were given in examples 4 and 5.

In other conditions of experience, the use of a dietary feeding method on the heels of brown Carpathian breed (12 heads each).

5 in the group after 10–20 days of age) over a 3-month period contributed to an increase in the average daily increase in live weight of animals by 169 g (819 versus 650 g, or 26%).

0 Then, the use of the dietary method of feeding on the bodies of the Simmental breed (30 animals in a group after 10–20 days of age) increased their average daily weight gain by 90 g (632 versus 542 g, or 16, one%).

Thus, the use of a dietary feeding method, including feeding dietary-microbial

0 preparation containing cicatricial amyolithic microbes of Streptococcus bovis microelements: copper, cobalt, iodine, zinc with the additional administration of selenium, iron, manganese and nickel, allows to significantly increase the growth-stimulating effect obtained in example 2 (control II), t. e when feeding up a dietary-substrate mixture consisting of special feed and benign hay in

This is combined with a gradual decrease in the traditional norms of drinking milk. At the same time, the formation of cicatricial digestion is significantly accelerated. The amount of streptococci in the rumen increases, the amylolytic activity of its contents and acidity increase by increasing the formation of end-products of fermentation (VFA), among which the molar percentage of the glucogenic substance, propionate (Cz), increases. This is accompanied by an increase in the energy yield of low molecular weight carboxylic acids (E% C2-C-0), a decrease in the concentration of non-protein nitrogen, ammonia and glutamine synthetase activity, as well as an increase in the total protein of symbiotic microorganisms and DNA in the rumen, i.e. biosynthesis products. In the blood, the levels of residual nitrogen, urea and arginase activity decrease with a parallel increase in the concentrations of mineral substances (in particular, copper and zinc), sugars, plasma protein and total protein, i.e. and anabolism processes in the whole organism, which ultimately leads to an increase in the productivity of young ruminants. The average daily gains of calves in comparison with the prototype increase by 8–13%, and in comparison with control II by 12.4– 17.8%. The dietary method of feeding ruminants allows increasing the average daily weight gain of calves to those levels that are obtained with the traditional (1 example) feeding method (846-885 g versus 855 g) while reducing the cost of milk by 300 liters per head (2 00 against 500 l, or 2.5 times).

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Method of feeding young large cattle feeding th Scheme of drinking milk of bodies there They have plenty of starter feeds with salts of microelements in parallel with the gradual decrease in traditional milk feed rates and as a growth-stimulating agent - a culture of microorganisms Streptococcus bovis AO 24/85, characterized in that, with the aim of increasing the increase in live weight with reduced milk costs and increased consumption of vegetable feed, copper sulphate, cobalt sulphate, potassium iodisate, zinc oxide, sodium sulphate, ferrous sulphate, manganese carbonate are used as salts of trace elements. 15 nickel sulphate, dry milk is introduced into the resulting mixture of salts of trace elements and these components are taken in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Copper sulfate, 0.078-0.589; sulfuric cobalt - 0.047-0.095: potassium iodide - 0.016-0.032; zinc oxide - 0.498-1.867; sodium silicate - 0.002-0.017; iron sulfate - 0.990-3.980; manganese carbon dioxide - 0.980-3.677; sulphate 25 nickel - 0.190-5.260; dry milk - the rest, followed by the introduction of a culture of microorganisms of Streptococcus bovis AO 24/85 in the amount of 5 107-1109 bacteria 1-2 g of the mixture. Table 1 The level of formation of individual low molecular weight carboxylic acids and the indicators of the efficiency of carbohydrate metabolism in the rumen Table Indicators of the level of assimilation, metabolism and anabo izna in the blood Table 7 X01 i f 20 40 60 BO 100 Agt tpt / g / g "about" about Aye Fig 2