SU1762811A1 - Method of obtaining high-yield spring wheat seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: agriculture, methods of growing cereal crops by intensive technology. Invention: vegetative plants are subjected to ultraviolet irradiation with an intensity of 0.09-0.13 W / m2 for 14-16 h / day for the whole vegetation period 6 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of cereals and cereals by intensive technology.

Methods are known for increasing the yield of agricultural crops associated with presowing treatment of seeds with ultraviolet. The yield increase averaged 10-15% (1, 4).

The phenomenon of UV exposure to affiliated offspring (M2) was traced in individual experiments and, mainly, during irradiation of seed material (2).

The effect of the primary effect of UV irradiation on barley and oats is known, as well as the indirect effect of UV irradiation on the second generation (M2) of seedlings under Kyrgyz conditions (2–3).

However, the question of the effect of UV irradiation on vegetative plants, the choice of optimal stimulating doses on the crop, and the effect on the length of the vegetation period of grain crops under conditions of nonchernozem have not been studied.

The goal is to increase the yield of wheat and shorten the growing season with ultraviolet irradiation of vegetative plants.

The goal is achieved by a special mode of irradiation of growing wheat wheat plants. It is proposed to carry out additional to solar ultraviolet irradiation of plants with mercury lamps of the type ДРТ-400, having in their spectrum rays of areas - A - 400-315 nm 25%, B - 315-280 nm 42%, C 280 nm 25%, affecting simultaneously the entire spectrum on irradiated plants. The optimum irradiance of the total UV spectrum (A + B + C) to obtain a 20-50% yield increase is 0.09-0.13 W / m2. Maternal plants received a total dose of ultraviolet (A + B + C) in variant I 400 kJ / m2. in II - 550 kJ / m2 with an irradiation duration of 14-16 hours / day

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during the growing season from germination to full ripeness.

Seed wheat, obtained from irradiated maternal plants, is grown without additional irradiation in field conditions, grain yield increase reached 20%, in vegetation grades - up to 50%. The vegetation period is reduced by 5-6 days. The effect of UV exposure is manifested in an increase in leaf area, biomass, and ear productivity, which are closely correlated with the crop.

PRI me R. Under the conditions of the Moscow Region, a field experiment was conducted on plants of Moscow wheat variety -35 for 2 years. Experienced area

about

5 m. Mercury lamps ДРТ-400 served as a source of additional to the natural radiation regime. Integral irradiance (A + B + C) on cases was 0.09-0.13 W / m2, the total dose during irradiation 14-16 hours / day reached 400 kJ / m in variant I, and 550 in I — ohm. kJ / m Irradiation of vegetative plants was carried out during the growing season from germination to full ripeness.

Productivity studies in the second generation were carried out both in vegetational and field experiments.

In the vegetation experiments, seeds obtained from wheat plants irradiated at the root of plants were sown in vessels in 2 dose options, respectively, the primary effect of UV irradiation. The cultivation was carried out in optimal conditions of the greenhouse (T 20 ° С, soil moisture - 80% HB).

In the greenhouse conditions in wheat plants in the 2nd generation without UV irradiation, activation of growth, photosynthetic processes was noted. Growth stimulation manifested itself in an increase in the height of the plants, which, before harvesting, exceeded the control in both variants of doses by 20% (Table 1).

The stimulation of the aftereffect of UV irradiation is clearly expressed in the formation of the assimilative surface of the leaves. The maximum increase in the leaf area was observed during the vegetative period of the development of wheat; In the tillering phase, the output into the tube, the increase was 43-50% and 42-64% at doses of 400 and 550 kJ / m2, respectively.

Wheat plants in the 2nd generation, i.e. the descendants differed from the control by greater oznarennost spike, better grain quality and increased productive tillering. The number of grains per ear exceeded the control by 20%, the weight of 1000 grains was higher than the control by 17-10% in both versions of the doses (Table 2). The vegetation period is shortened by 3-6 days (Table 5).

Under field conditions, experiments were carried out for 2 years, different in meteorological conditions - in 1984 (dry), in 1989 (wet).

In 1984, the crop was obtained (M2) from ce0m n, UV-irradiated in the field in 1983 (Mi), and in 1989 - (M2) from Mi-1988. The studies were carried out on a plot of 5 m2 in 4 replicates according to the options corresponding to the primary UV radiation. The cultivation was carried out without additional UV irradiation. Seeding rate at the rate of 4 million seeds per hectare. Agrotechnical measures in experimental cases and in control were carried out simultaneously.

Under field conditions, the effect of UV irradiation was modified by climatic factors of the year of experience.

During the field experiments, a significant increase in the leaf surface area in the phase of tubing was established, exceeding the control by 27–34% at doses of 550–400 kJ / m2, respectively, and before heading

0 leaf area was higher than control by 50% (Table 3),

It was established both in vegetation and field experiments that the descendants of UV-irradiated wheat plants formed a more grained ear with a full-fledged grain. The number of grains per ear in two years of experiments exceeded the control of 15% in the indicated dose variants (Table 4). 1000 grains mass in a crop 1984

0 years above control by 30% in 1989 - by 14 18%.

The final grain yield from 1 m2 in 1984 (dry and moderately warm according to meteorological conditions) in the second generation

5 wheat without radiation is higher than control by 27%, in 1989 (wet) - by 26-37% in the 1st and 2nd variants, respectively. The vegetation period is reduced by an average of 3-5 days (Table 5).

Thus, the proposed method provides the possibility of obtaining high-yielding seed wheat, which give a large yield increase and exhibit their valuable properties in the first and second

5th generation without additional UV irradiation, much better than maternal, both in vegetation and field conditions, and also allows shortening the vegetation period by 3-6 days under the conditions of the Nonchernozem zone (Table 6).

The implementation of the method is available in any business, since the simplicity in the manufacture of irradiating facilities makes it possible to mount them stationary, portable and mobile on the basis of a mobile mechanism.

The cost of manufacturing and operating installations is limited by the cost of the lamps and their mounting.

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Claims (1)

The invention of the method for producing high-yield seed wheat, including ultraviolet irradiation of vegetating plants, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield and shorten the vegetation period, they irradiate spreads with an intensity of 0.09-0.13 W / m2 for 14-16 h / day during the whole vegetative period. The effect of UV irradiation on the growth and photosynthetic parameters of wheat (in vegetation experiments). Average of 30 plants The effect of UV irradiation on the crop and elements of wheat productivity in the vegetation experiments Control 8,30,510010,210,09 100ll, 2tO, 21 | 100 21,010,21) 100 ,, 09/5 / 3.7 ,, 27 155 / 5.6 11,, 18 103 22.110.17 105 29, 6117/1, V 1,, 28 U8 / 49 11,50,23 103 22, 10 106 Effect of UV exposure on growth and photosynthetic parameters (in field conditions) (average of 75 plants) 1989 the effect of UV irradiation on wheat erysipelas (in field conditions) 80.7-1.50 100 179, 20 100 198 year 10,110,10 100 113l, t1.95 163 / 51.2228.042.15 127L9.010,, 09108 2126, 20 157Л6,, 011.98 127Л9.011,, 09109 1989, 1988 - and (1989 - Ig ntrol 130,811.80 100180,04,32 1006,5tO, 09100, 17 100 ,, 92 125 / 33,1226, ОН, 1) 5 126/1 (6.06.9Г0.07106, 17 102 2166 ,, 127/35,, 0tl.75 137 / 67.06,, 07106 15,, 20 SW 15, 21 100 1b ,, 25 South-west 16.1 (10.28 103 T a 6 l and c a 1 table 2 28.3; 0.6 (100ZMI.56 10 ° , 30, 7-0,73 P9 , 26 I20 (o, 8-0,76 117 b l and c a j Table productivity elements 15,, 21 100 25.50.86 100 27,, 95 100 1b ,, 25 SWs zO.O.ZO 119 35.8 "0.89 129 16.1 (10.28 103, 85 113 36,, 95 130 100 115 116 25.9tO, 2 (100 30, .39 48 28.1 (10.39 n t The duration of the growing season with UV irradiation of vegetative plants (sowing is full of ripeness) The effectiveness of the method of UV irradiation of vegetative plants Table5 Table