SU1743450A1 - Apparatus for automatic controlling the process of loading self-propelled harvesting machine - Google Patents

Description

due to the limitation of the operating speed, the engine is constantly working with underloading, fuel consumption is excessive.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of using the device pre-. property on energy-saturated self-propelled machines.

The goal is achieved by a known device containing sensors for loading the engine and the main working bodies, the logical-arithmetic on-board processor and the operating speed control actuator, the combine operating speed meter, the maximum permissible operating speed adjuster, and the reversing control actuator are additionally introduced the torus of the fuel pump of the engine of the self-propelled machine by the handle positioner, the reversible counter, the switchboard of the onboard process signals quarrel, repeater of onboard processor output signals, switching device with closable and openable circuits. Moreover, the installation inputs of the counter are connected to the working speed meter and to the speed limiter, the control input is with a signal repeater, and both actuators are connected to the onboard processor via a switch, to the input of which the output of the meter is connected. The power supply unit of the processor is connected to the closing circuit of the switching device, and the position sensor of the handle of the fuel pump regulator corresponding to the external control characteristic of the engine with the open circuit.

With such a connection, the introduced elements are controlled by loading the combine by influencing two parameters: the first is the working speed of the combine, if the actual speed is lower than the specified maximum allowable, the second is the transition from the external regulator characteristic of the engine to the partial regulating branch, the speed is equal to or exceeds the specified maximum allowable, and the combine is still underloaded due to the light agrotechnical background of the harvested crop. This reduces fuel consumption.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a device for automatically controlling the loading of a self-propelled machine; 2 is a circuit diagram in principle; on fig.Z - timing charts of the device with different options for loading an automated machine; Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the operation of the processor unit of the device.

The device contains a set of primary measuring transducers 1 load according to the number of monitored operating elements of the engine, processor 2, for example, based on microprocessor technology with power supply unit 3, unit 4 maximum working speed, meter 5 actual working speed of the harvester, reversing locker 6, repeat the tel 7 output signals of the microprocessor unit, the switch 8 signals of the onboard processor, the switching device 9 connected to the source 10 of the power supply and equipped with a lockable 11 and 5 times 12 circuits, operating speed control actuator 13 by changing the transmission ratio and actuator 14 controlling the fuel regulator of the coca engine of the self-propelled machine with the sensor 15 position of the handle of the fuel pump of the engine so that one of its contacts opens handles that matches

5 external characteristic of the engine, and the second - with the minimum allowable partial regulatory characteristic. The installation inputs of the reversible counter b are connected to the setpoint maximum 4

0 operating speed and operating speed meter 5, the control input is connected to a repeater of 7 processor signals 2 /. Both actuators 13 and 14 are connected to processor 2 via switch 8,

5 to the control input of which the output of the counter 6 is connected. The power supply unit 3 is connected to the closing circuit 11 of the switching device 9, and the sensor 15 to the openable circuit 12.

0 An example of the electrical circuit of the device is shown in FIG. It contains n sensors, a processor 2 with a power supply unit 3, a maximum operating speed sensor 4 with an output signal in a binary code, a actual working speed meter of the harvester, which includes, for example, a gear ring 16 mounted on the wheel 17 of the combine, measuring Converter 18 in the form of a magnetic induction coil and operational amplifier 19. The circuit also includes a reversible counter 6, the first logic element AND 20, a single pulse generator 21 (single vibrator), a repeater of the output signals

5 processor 2, consisting of elements OR 22-24 and element OR-NOT 25, the first 26 and second 27 logical elements of the prohibition, the second logical element AND 28. four power amplifier 29. The device uses a reversible electric actuator 13, the shaft of which 30 is kinematically connected to the transmission control ratio body 4. This actuator has separate windings 31 and 32 for switching movement in the direction of increasing or decreasing operating speed.

The device also contains an additional reversible electric executive mechanism 14 for changing the regulatory characteristics of the engine of a self-propelled machine. It can be performed, for example, in the form of an electric motor, the output shaft 33 of which is connected with the control lever of the fuel pump regulator of the engine, and the motor housing should be attached to a manual lazy fuel regulator, which provides independent automatic and manual control of the regulator. torus of fuel of the new pump. The motor has a winding 34. when energized, the shaft 35 is rotated and the associated lever of the regulator is moved in the direction of the external regulator characteristics of the engine, and the winding 35, which is energized by the rotation of the shaft 33 towards the partial regulatory characteristics. Next to the shaft 33, a sensor is installed in the form of a final switch 36, which opens when the lever of the fuel pump regulator is installed in the position corresponding to the external control characteristic (nominal speed mode), as well as the sensor - limit switch 37 that opens when the fuel regulator lever is installed the pump to the position corresponding to the minimum permissible partial regulatory characteristic (speed mode), in which the technological process of the combine operation is still carried out qualitatively. So, when a self-propelled corn-harvesting combine is working on a light agricultural background, the engine speed can be lowered by 10-15% without danger of reducing the quality of work or the occurrence of a technological failure.

Mechanism 9, such as a magnetic starter with Start 38 and Stop 39 buttons, is used to control the automatic device directly. This mechanism has a closing contact 11 and an opening contact 12. The control unit 4 communicates with the direct input D of counter 6 via a group communication line 40. The circuit is powered from the on-board source 10.

The meter of the actual operating speed is connected to the subtractive input -G

This counter, with the input C of the account control, is connected to the output of element 25, and to the input R for resetting the counter and re-entering the initial number - output 5 of the element 24. To the outputs of the counter 6, which receive negative and zero signals during operation The first element 20 and a single pulse generator 21 are connected. The output of element 24 is connected to the second input of element 20.

The actuators 13 and 14 are connected to the processor 2 through the elements 26 and 27 of the ban. To prohibit entrances

5 of these elements, the output of the generator 21 is connected. The electrical winding 35 of the actuator 14 is connected to the processor 2 via element 28, to the second input of which the output of the generator 0 is connected.

The power supply unit 3 is connected to the on-board electric power supply 10 via the closing contact 11, and the opening contact 12 is connected to the electric

5 winding 34 through the sensor - the limit switch 36.

The device works as follows.

When the button 38 is activated, the actuator circuit is closed, which causes contact 11 to be closed. Process 2 is connected to power supply 10. The process begins to function in accordance with the program laid down in it.

5 controls The input effects are signals from sensors 1. In the process of control, the output of the processor in accordance with the program being laid down can be generated

0 one of the three types of signals: a signal about the combine underloading in comparison with the optimal load of the Oopt (), a signal of the combine overload () or a signal of the optimal load (). The signals form 5 seconds in the form of individual short pulses of duration t and with a duty cycle T (Fig. 3), which is provided by a timer device of the processor. The values of t and T are chosen from the conditions

0 quantitative indicators of the management process. For example, for self-propelled combines with a mass of more than 3 tons, the pulse width t is 0.1-0.3 s, s. Accordingly, each reference cycle to form

5, the control command is t + T.

During operation, the combiner on the setting unit 4 sets the maximum permissible operating speed, taking into account the microrelief of the floor to be cleaned, so that it does not experience any inconvenience from the driveway and there is no galloping of the header or pick-up, which may degrade the quality of cut or completeness.

At the beginning of the counting cycle, the number dialed on the setter 4, along the line of the group connection 40, is entered into the subtractor 6. From this number, the subtraction of the pulses of the measuring transducer 18, determining the distance traveled, starts. This process, in each counting cycle, lasts T seconds. If the actual operating speed is lower than that set on setpoint A, a positive signal appears at the output of element 6 (options 1-3 in FIG. 3) if the speed is equal to or higher than zero or negative (options 4.5 in FIG. H). The signals generated by processor 2 are sent to elements 26-28 and to a repeater consisting of elements 22-25. As a result, pulses of width t appear at the output of element 24 at time intervals T, and pulses of width T with intervals t appear at output of element 25. The pulses from the output of the element 24 are fed to the erase input R of the counter 6. On the falling edge of these pulses, the counting results are erased, the initial value is entered from the setpoint 4 and the beginning of the next counting cycle. The same pulse is used to output the result of the need to limit the operating speed from the output of counter 6 through element 20 to the generator of a single pulse 21. The pulse from the output of element 25 enters input C of counter 6. Its width T determines the duration of the reference cycle.

If during the next reference cycle the processor 2 determines that the combine load is lower or higher than the optimal one (or), and the output of element 6 has no signal (operating speed is lower than the maximum allowable) (options 1 and 2 in FIG. 3), the output of generator 21 no signals. Therefore, there is no prohibition of the passage of a signal from the processor 2 to the winding 31 of the actuator 13 for changing the operating speed. There is the usual regulation of the load by changing the working speed of the combine. With the team (option 3), none of the actuators are included.

If the working speed is equal to or higher than the one that the combiner installed on setpoint B, and the signal SCOopt is received from processor 2, a pulse is generated at the output of element 21 (option 4), which prohibits the passage of signals through elements 26 to the winding 31 of the actuator 13 and ensures its passage on the winding 35 of the actuator 14. Now the load is controlled by switching the motor from the external control branch to the partial control branch

branch. This results in a reduction in fuel consumption, which ensures an economic effect. The reduction of the speed mode can occur up to the value nmin determined by the position of the sensor 37.

For self-propelled combines, this value is usually 10% or more, which ensures an overall reduction in fuel consumption of at least 8%.

If the processor has received a signal

and the working speed is equal to or higher than the one that the combiner installed on the setpoint 6 (option 5), the signal goes to the winding 32, which ensures a reduction in the load of the combine by reducing the working speed. If at the signal the operating speed is lower than the set one, the signal also goes to the winding 34, which ensures that the engine switches to the external characteristic, while the load on the combine is reduced by reducing the operating speed.

When acting on the button 39, the power of the mechanism 9 is turned off and the contact 11 is opened. The power supply unit 3 is disconnected from the power source 10 and the automatic system ceases to operate. In this case, winding 34 of the actuator 14 is turned on via the opening contact 12 and the lever 33 returns to the initial position corresponding to the external branch of the regulating characteristic, if it was removed from this position during the adjustment process. The movement of the lever continues until the sensor switch 36 is opened. After such actions, the system

fully prepared for manual control of the fuel pump regulator. For example, for a transport crossing from a harvested floor.

The operation of the logic-arithmetic on-board processor 2 is characterized by the following settings, input signals, output signal, and operation algorithm:

- Settings: parameters FOHTI - ROPTP. determining the optimal loading of each of the n controlled working bodies of the automated machine; the parameter t, which determines the duration of the control pulse, and the parameter T, which determines the duration of the reference cycle of the distance traveled; .

-Inputs: Fi-Fn signals. determining the actual load of controlled working bodies and the engine;

output signal: signal Q about the ratio of the actual load of the automated machine to the optimal value

Oopt

The algorithm of operation of processor 2 of the proposed device depends on the control principle adopted. For the simplest possible control principle, in which all input signals are equally significant, the operation algorithm is characterized by the circuit shown in Fig. 4.

The cycle of this processor starts after the next pulse is received. from the timer, after which the sensor signals are recorded on the loading of the controlled working bodies and the engine. It is then determined whether the actual load signals are greater, less than, or equal to the optimal load. If the actual load of all controlled working bodies corresponds to the optimal one, the established mode of operation of the combine and the engine does not change. If the actual load of all monitored working bodies is below optimal, the output of processor 2 is a signal to increase the load. This signal is realized by an increase in the operating speed of the machine, and if the operating speed cannot be increased, this signal leads to a decrease in the engine speed. For all other variants of the ratio of the actual

Claims (1)

load and nominal signal is generated to increase the load of the combine. Apparatus of the Invention A device for automatically controlling the loading of a self-propelled harvester containing primary measuring transducers for loading the engine and operating elements, an on-board processor for generating commands for controlling the loading of a combine with an electric power unit, an actuator controlling the speed of transmission by changing the transmission ratio to improve efficiency, it is equipped with a combine working speed meter empty working speed, the executive pump controlling the fuel pump regulator of the engine of the self-propelled machine with the regulator lever position sensor, reversing counter, on-board processor signal switch, on-board processor output repeater, switching unit with closable and openable circuits, the counter inputs of which are connected to a working speed meter and a speed knob, control inputs - with a signal repeater, both actuators are connected to the sides m processor through the switch to a control input of which is connected to the output of the counter, the onboard processor power block is connected to a closable chain switching unit, and the lever position sensor regulator - a disengageable chain. g gff l Ogfrcfril W, 3  // audio j + Expect another timer signal Receive sensor signals about loading ft controlled organ and engine workers Determine the ratio q ,. the actual load to the optimal value Give a signal To issue signal Q-Qonm