SU1740669A1 - Method of opencast mining - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the opencast mining of steeply dipping mineral deposits. The aim of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the method in the development of steeply dipping deposits by joint and simultaneous mining operations in the working area and dumping in the same zone of tailings. New in the proposed method is the mining of open pits with the formation of a peripheral rear sight in the first stage, the creation in the central part of the first stage of capacity due to the use of bulk and bulk dams; The second stage is developed along the specified dams with dumping on their slope of rock, obtained as a result of the first stage layer dam, and then the central part of the second stage is completed and the open pit mine is filled with tailings. This will allow to create a tailing dump inside the quarry, with simultaneous simultaneous working up of the working area and dumping of tailings, reduce the area of land to be alienated to the tailings, reduce the transportation distance of tailings, reduce dustiness, etc. 5 Il. ate with

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open pit mining of steeply dipping mineral deposits.

Methods are known for the open development of mineral deposits, including the separate development of a quarry, enrichment and dumping of a tailing dump.

The disadvantages of the known methods are the need for large areas under the tailings, the large cost of their construction, the location

they are far away from DOP, caused by a shortage of land areas and the need to set them up far from human settlements in order to normalize sanitary and hygienic conditions.

The closest to the invention is a method of erecting fencing dams of tailings on internal dumps of horizontal deposits, including the formation of tailing dams, the construction of dams by consecutive rows of cones across the width of the dam inseparably with the process of dumping.

2 §

Os Yu

The ingenious method has a limited scope, which is caused by the following reasons:

When developing a horizontal field, there is a clear separation of overburden, mining and dumping operations. The formation of the tailing dump in this case is inseparably linked with dumping. In the development of steeply dipping deposits, excavation works are carried out over the entire area of the pit and they must be connected with the possibility of creation inside the tailings pond. Otherwise, there will be stoppages of the quarry or DOF, which will make storage of tails inside the quarry unacceptable.

In the development of steeply dipping deposits, the dredging works are carried out, therefore, the created tailings should be relocated as the quarry is mined, and in the known method this is not allowed.

In connection with the above, a known method cannot be applied to steeply dipping deposits, since it is not possible to carry out joint and simultaneous excavation, dumping of tailings, and also the quarry mine.

The purpose of the invention is to expand the technological capabilities of the method in the development of steeply dipping deposits by joint and simultaneous mining in the working area of the quarry and dumping in this zone of tailings.

The goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method, quarrying is conducted by turns, the first turn is made with the formation of a peripheral rear sight, the initial capacity is created in the central part of the worked out space when the peripheral rear side is worked up with the formation of a single and bulk dam, t along the formed dams with dumping of rock on their slopes in the developed space, at the same time producing these dams and tailings layer-by-layer with filling with the last bogannuyu space peripheral areas, then work out the central part of the second stage and fill the open pit quarry tails.

Thanks to this method, it is possible to jointly and simultaneously conduct mining operations in the working area and lay tails with high water saturation in the same place.

Considering that large areas of land located 30 km or more from the mills are allocated to the tailings, it is possible to drastically reduce the amount of land allotment to the tailings and reduce the range of movement of the tails. In connection with the reduction of the area under the tailing dump, the dust content is reduced, as well as the flooding of land with hazardous tailings (tailings).

Fig, 1 shows the peripheral pillar 1 of the first stage of development, the second stage of development 3, as well as the space 2 of the first stage of development; figure 2 - bulk dam 5, zamkova dam 6, sections 7 and 8 of the working area in the ends of the pit; MS fig.Z - working out of the whole dam 6 and the section of the tailing pond with 4 layers along the rear pillar a, b. with and layers of tailings a, b, c; areas of the second stage of development 8 and 9; figure 4 - working out the second stage sections 13 and 14 and dumping tailings in areas 8 and 9, separated by dumping dams 11 and 12; figure 5 - pit, filled with tails, and bulk dam 11 and 12 of the second stage of development.

The proposed opencast mining method is as follows.

When testing the peripheral pillar 1 of the first stage, in its spent part 2, in the central part of the quarry, a tank for tailings 4 is formed using a bulk dam 5 of overburden rocks and a whole dam 6 that distributes a portion of the working zone 7 from the tail tank 4.

The development of the first stage lead section 7 and at the same time develop the section 8 of the second stage 3 at the end of the pit. The development of section 8 of the second stage of the open pit 3 leads in the direction towards the marginal contour of the open pit and the bulk dam 11 is filled along the boundaries of the working area 14.

In order to free up the roof of the second stage 3 for its further development, a whole dam 6 and a section of the tailings 4, which are led in layers, are being worked out. Initially, the layer a of the section of the tailings 4, and then the layer of the whole dam 6, then the layer b of the section of the tailings 4, and then the layers of b. whole dam 6, etc.

Simultaneously with the mining of the whole dam b, tailings 4 and the bulk dam 5, excavation works are carried out in sections 8 and 9 of the working zone of the second stage of the quarry 3 and filled with bulk dams of 11 and 12 lengths. tailing, which is arranged instead of the working sections 13 and 14

After working out the whole dam 6 and the tailings 4, excavation work is carried out in the central part of the second stage 3 with sections 13 and 14 and dumping of tails into sections 8 and 9. After working the second stage 3, the first stage (sections 1 and 2) is filled with tails that come from neighboring quarries.

Thus, the development of steeply dipping lines with the device of dams of various designs allows the tailing device to be built inside the pit, i.e. to expand the technological capability of the method.

The device of whole dams allows reducing the re-excavation of the rock mass, and the angle of the rear pillar will increase the capacity of the tailing site.

Working together and at the same time, working the working area reduces the working time and opening the lower zone by a factor of 2. The device of bulk dams of the second stage reduces the loss of minerals. The dumping of the tailings pits inside the quarry allows to reduce the land areas occupied by the tailings, the transportation distance of the tailings, reduce the dustiness of the adjacent territories, etc.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of open-pit mining, which includes the development of a quarry with the creation of reservoirs outlined in dams and the dumping of tailings into the indicated reservoirs, so that. in order to expand the technological capabilities of the method in the development of steeply dipping deposits, quarrying is carried out in turns, testing of the first stage is carried out with the formation of a peripheral rear sight, the creation of the initial capacity is carried out in the central part of the worked-out area during the testing of the peripheral rear pill with the formation of a full and bulk dams produced along the formed dams with dumping of rocks on their slopes in the developed space; layer-by-layer mining of tailings dams with the latter filling up the developed space of the peripheral sections, and then working out the central part of the second stage and filling the developed space of the quarry with tails. FIG. one figs FIG.   J C ± /