SU1738823A1 - Method for land-reclamation of heavy clay saline soils - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the invention consists in mixing the spent sulfuric acid of the alkylirvan process with the spent coal at a ratio (in ma.ch.) respectively (2.0-2.5):: (3.0-3.1), followed by neutralization with calcium carbonate and soil application in the rate of 15-20 t / ha. 3 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of chemical melioration of saline and sodic soils, and can be used in the rehabilitation of these soils.

There is a method of acidification of soda solonets-solonchaks by their treatment with aqueous solutions of inorganic acids.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and laboriousness of introducing acid solutions into the soil, as well as an increase in the cost of land reclamation associated with the purchase and transportation.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a method for the reclamation of heavy saline soils with a sulfuric acid impregnated coal as a chemical meliorator.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is inexpedient to use it on highly alkaline soils, where

large doses of ameliorants are required (30-60 t / ha), which contributes to an increase in the cost of reclamation.

The aim of the invention is to increase the washing efficiency by improving the physicochemical -properties of the soil.

To achieve this goal, waste coal is mixed with concentrated acid (refinery waste) in mass parts of 3: 3 and (1-2): 2.5; an excess of acid that is not soaked in is neutralized by calcium carbonate (stone quarry waste).

The product thus obtained consists mainly of four components: hard coal; sulfuric acid impregnated with coal; gypsum obtained by reacting sulfuric acid with calcium carbonate; calcium carbonate. Obtained by the proposed method chemical meliorant

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the soil is applied, followed by washing.

When introduced into the soil, the ameliorant simultaneously affects the chemical composition and the water-physical properties of the soil. It interacts with the soil; at the first stage, it decomposes the carbonates of the soil and forms gypsum. The newly formed gypsum and gypsum present in the meliorant composition displaces the sodium cation from the absorbed complex.

The coal contained in the improver acts as an inert mechanical impurity that improves the water-physical properties of the soil.

When applying the proposed method, the structure and filtration capacity of the soil is improved, the quality and efficiency of leaching is improved, the period of land input into intensive agricultural production is reduced, and the cost of amelioration is reduced.

PRI me R 1. Method of preparation of a meliorant.

Under laboratory conditions, 50 g of waste coal (granulometric composition is presented in Table 1) is mixed with 36 g of waste sulfuric acid with a specific weight of 1.82 g / cm. An excess of acid is neutralized with calcium carbonate to obtain a dry mass, which requires about 27.5 g CaCOe.

The proposed improver can be obtained directly in the field. To do this, waste coal with a predetermined mechanical composition is transported from the dump to a specially prepared site. A machine with thick-walled tanks is used to transport sulfuric acid. The dump coal is poured with acid on the hose and at the same time mixed with a bucket excavator of type 30-2621 A. After that, calcium carbonate is added to neutralize the excess sulfuric acid, while all the same is mixed with the same excavator.

EXAMPLE 2 To determine the most effective ratio of bituminous coal (Table 1) and acid, experimental studies were conducted in laboratory conditions. To do this, take the ratio of carbon and acid in

interval (: (1-4). Most reception 1I

Lam is the mass ratio

coal to acid 3: 2 and 3.1:: 2.5. At such a ratio, after neutralizing the excess acid, not only the optimum content of the meliorating substance is obtained, but also a mass with satisfactory physicochemical properties is obtained. In 1 ton of the finished product, respectively, is contained, kg: hard coal 504-490; Hg304 180-140 gypsum) calcium carbonate 60-70.

EXAMPLE 3. Effect of the proposed method on the process of desalinization and desolining of lands.

In order to reveal the possibility of using the proposed method, in the course of a capital washing of gravitational saline sodic soils, an experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions. Soil samples for the experiment are selected with a content of 2.307% of salts according to a dense residue.

The experiment was carried out according to the following scheme: irrigation water washing - control; washing using a known method; washing the soil by the proposed method.

The soil is placed in special vessels with a mesh bottom (cm; D 20 cm).

Chemmeliorant is introduced into the upper 25-cm layer at the rate of 10; 15 and 20 t / ha. Washing in all variants is carried out with a washing rate of 15 thousand me / ha „

During the washing period, a change in the filtration rate is observed. After filing every 5 thousand m / ha, filter water is collected and analyzed.

In the case of the usual washing with water, despite the high initial filtration rate, at the end the speed drops sharply. The duration of the leaching rate in the control variant is 42 days, in the variant using the known method, respectively (for different doses) 25; 24 and 21 days, and in the embodiment using the proposed method 21; 20 and 20 days

The study of the salt composition of the soil after washing showed that under conditions of high filtration rate, which is ensured by the proposed method, the desalinization and desalination of the soil increases compared with the control and option where the known method is used (Table 2)

As can be seen from the data presented in Table 2, the optimal dose for applying the aelerant in the proposed method is 15 t / ha. With the introduction of 10 t / ha e, a high desalination effect is achieved. With an increase in the ameliorant dose above 15 t / ha, there is no noticeable decrease in salinity, therefore an increase in the ameliorant dose is not advisable. This is also confirmed by the data on the absorbed bases of the gross gypsum, carbonate and the pH of the aqueous extract,

 An example. To study the effect of the proposed method on the yield of agricultural crops, field experience was put. After the flushing was carried out at a rate of 15 thousand-me / ha in these variants, the plot was developed for maize. The result of development is given in table. 3

The economic efficiency of the proposed method consists in improving the quality of washing, which contributes to increasing the yield of agricultural crops, reducing the cost of reclamation (the cost of 1 ton of the known ameliorant is 210 rubles, and the proposed 23.0 rubles). If we take into account that the dose of the proposed ameliorant at the amelioration of highly tarsil soils is 2.3 times lower than the known one, then the savings (only on the ameliorant procurement) is about 40-60 rubles / ha, as well as in reducing the time needed rural

Management production of reclaimed land.

Additional income when developing land, for example, for irrigated alfalfa with an average yield of 60 c / ha is RUB / ha, and when cultivating for vineyards with an average yield of 125 C / ha, it is 1900 rub / g.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of reclamation of heavy saline soils, including preliminary mixing of spent sulfuric acid alkylation process and spent coal, the resulting mixture into the soil, followed by washing with a rate of 15 thousand m / ha, characterized in that, in order to improve the efficiency of reclamation by improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, the spent sulfuric acid of the alkylation process is mixed with spent coal at a ratio, parts by weight; h: The spent sulfuric acid of the alkylation process used waste coal the resulting mixture is neutralized with calcium carbonate and applied at a rate of 15-20 t / ha. Table 1 2.0-2.5 3.0-3.1 Fractions, mm The number of fractions in waste coal,% Washing using the proposed method 5.0 5.0 30.0 20.0 1738823 Continued tabl, 2 Table 3