SU1744091A1 - Method of preventing soda salinization of irrigated black earth - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: chemical melioration. The composition containing, in May, is applied to the soil surface together with irrigation water: gypsum 0.398-0.792; | benzo-15 crown-5 0.079-0.119; condensed sulfite alcohol bard 0.059-0.099, water the rest. 4 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods of chemical melioration of irrigated black soil.

There is a method of chemical melioration of various soils (alkaline soils of different mechanical composition, salt licks, etc.), which includes the introduction of gypsum, clay-gypsum, phosphogypsum and other calcium-containing substances into the soil, which can exchange the sodium absorbed by the calcium in exchange for this substance. However, the known ameliorants are characterized by insufficient activity of calcium due to their relatively low solubility and, consequently, insignificant meliorative ability.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method of soil desalinization, the essence of which is that natural gypsum is applied to the surface of the soil, followed by mixing it with the soil under

a layer of water, which is discharged after 2-3 days .-. However, the known method is characterized by a weak solubility of natural gypsum and insufficient calcium ion activity, which ultimately. does not lead to quick and complete removal of soda. In addition, the whole process is rather complicated and does not provide for the maximum leaching of sodium ions.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by increasing the meliorating effect of gypsum.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a known method, which includes the application of gypsum to the soil surface and watering, the gypsum is applied with irrigation water together with benzo-15-crown-5 and condensed sulpharic bard in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Gypsum0.398-0.792

Benzo-15-crown-5 0.079-0.119 Condensirova Ina

(L

one

Ј -and

with

0.059-0.099 Else

sulfate alcohol

bard

Water

Benzo-15 crown-5 is a macroheterocyclic compound that is an effective extractant, a catalyst for interphase reactions, and a membrane-active compound. Its molecular weight is 2b8.31. This substance is called crown ether or coronol. The chemical formula of his Garden NgoO. The density of this substance is 1.113; viscosity 28.8 cps (20 ° C); refractive index 1, ignition temperature 182 C.

Condensed sulfite-wart bard (FSCC) is a dark brown powdery substance with a dark brown base substance content. Density is 1,124.1 g / cm. High-calcium water yield and viscosity index, press / 4 40914

bards that have a stabilizing effect.

The stabilizing effect of KSB is associated with the formation (thickening) of the hydrate shell under the influence of the coating by their adsorption layer. With a sufficiently high concentration of the dispersed phase in the suspension, a significant increase in the number of particle contacts occurs, leading to coagulation structure formation and gradual sedimentation of the aggregated particles, and consequently, a decrease in the dispersed calcium energy and activity of the calcium ions, which is observed in the known method (type ). In this case, the dispersion in the prototype method is 22.0%, and the activity of calcium ions reaches only

20, 1 mEq / l.

 In phosphogypsum, the activity of calcium ions is even lower than in gypsum and varies between 1.25-2.52 mEq / L, which ultimately affects

mineralized solutions

(up to 150%). Thermal stability on water loss-25 its insignificant

up to 200 ° C. effect.

Ameliorative effect when applying this method on irrigated soils is achieved due to the fact that the introduced benzo-1 -crown-5 contributes to a better dissolution of gypsum, and therefore a greater yield of active calcium, which causes an accelerated replacement of the absorbed soil ion

4 PRI me R. In the field experiment / to. The Communar of Pervomaisky district of the Khar-30 region, on reclaimed soils (black soil, powerful and heavy loamy with signs of saline soda) were affected by various reclamation techniques on their

sodium on calcium ion. Adding the same physico-chemical properties and yield

KSSB contributes to the stabilization of this improver.

S tab. 1 shows the experimental data on the activity of ions

agricultural crops under irrigation. Benzo-15 crown-5 and XCC are added to natural gypsum, which is used for land reclamation. Not 4 PRI me R. In the field experiment / to. The Communar of Pervomaisky district of the Khar-30 region, on reclaimed soils (black soil, powerful and heavy loamy with signs of saline soda) were affected by various reclamation techniques on their

agricultural crops under irrigation. Benzo-15 crown-5 and XCC are added to the natural gypsum, which is used for soil reclamation. Not

Calcium and dispersion according to the solution being prepared are prepared in

PZHU-4.5 unit and pumped by means of a pump (plunger pump-to-tor-ND) into the receiving tank of the installation for introducing liquid ameliorants and 45 Fertilizers. This installation ensures the introduction of the prepared solution in predetermined quantities into irrigation water. The developed ameliorant is introduced into on the woo sprinkler machine (DKSH Volga

from the different ratios of the used components of the proposed method in comparison with the known (prototype). From the data, it can be seen that when benzo-15 crown-5 is added to natural gypsum in an amount of 0.079 0.119 May.%. FACG in the amount of 0.059- 0.099 wt.% And the rest of the water there is an increase in dispersion (PZhU-4.5 apparatus and pumped by means of a pump (plunger pump-dispenser-ND) into the receiving tank of the installation for introducing liquid ameliorates and 45 Fertilizers. This The installation provides the introduction of the prepared solution in predetermined quantities into irrigation water. The developed ameliorant is introduced into the soil by a sprinkler (DKSH of Volatility) up to, 0% and, especially, “ka). The consumption of the necessary reagents: but noticeably, an increase in the activity of io-gypsum 1800 kg, which is 0.595%;

new calcium up to 15.3-17.8 mEq / l. benzo-15 crown 5 300 kg, which is compounded. This is due to the fact that with a given ratio of the taken components, it is observed 0.099%; condensed sulphite alcohol stillage (KSSB) 240 kg, which gives a significant dissolution when-,. is 0.079%; water irrigation rate of native gypsum due to the introduction of benzo-300000 kg / ha. Time of standing rain -15 crown 5, contributing to the formation of a homogeneous solution, as well as condensed sulfite alcohol

Noah machines at position 2 hours. Cultivated crops - corn for green fodder.

bypass solution is prepared in

PZHU-4.5 unit and pumped with the help of a pump (plunger pump-metering pump-LP) into the receiving tank of the installation for introducing liquid ameliorants and Fertilizers. This unit ensures that the prepared solution is introduced in specified amounts into irrigation water. The developed improver was introduced into the soil by a sprinkler (DKSH Volzhanka). Consumption of necessary reagents: gypsum 1800 kg, which is 0.595%;

lts 0.099%; condensed sulfite alcohol bard (FSCC) 240 kg, which is 0.079%; water irrigation rate is 300,000 kg / ha. Time to wait

Noah machines at position 2 hours. Cultivated crops - corn for green fodder.

In tab. 2 shows the results of field tests (arable layer of 0-30 cm) / proposed method with irrigation in comparison with the known (prototype) and with various combinations of the introduced components.

The experimental data are given in table. 2, indicate

From the data table. 4 it can be seen that the use of the proposed chalk orienting method leads to an increase in the yield of agricultural crops by A C-Mgo. /

The expected economic effect from the application of the developed method on irrigated areas only Kharkov

that the developed method for the pre-10 region will be about 2 million rubles

Preventing salinization of chernozem soils has a high meliorative ability. This is confirmed by the fact that in the reclaimed soil the number of water-resistant aggregates increases to 60.2% (versus 0.2% in the prototype), the volume of water decreases from 1.39 to 1.15 g / cm3, the water permeability increases mm / min, the dispersion factor decreases from 27.0 to 5.8, and the calcium activity significantly increases, b, 8 to 17.1 mg-eq / l.

In tab. 3 shows experimental data on the salt composition of the proposed method with various combinations of the introduced components.

From the above data it can be seen that during the reclamation of these soils occurs

15

20

h year.

The application of the proposed method allows, in addition to improving the chemical physical, water-physical and agrochemical properties of reclaimed soils, to expand the scope of reclamation work, reduce the consumption of calcium-containing materials (gypsum, etc.), as well as increase the yield of various agricultural crops.

Claims (1)

 Formula isobret e N and A method of preventing soda water from 25 pickles of irrigated chernozem soils, including the introduction of gypsum to the soil surface and watering with water, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency by strengthening the ratio of cations to one hundred, it is 30 | Neither the meliorizing effect of gypsum, or the increase in the content of kal-jero ions, is made with irrigation water and its activity increases, which has a significant effect on the chemical, physical and chemical-chemical properties of the treated soils. . In tab. C shows the indicators of yield of corn for green fodder. The use of the proposed method in comparison with the known and with a different combination of the introduced components. -15 crown-5 0.96 Balance 0.595 0.099 0.079 Balance 091. From the data table. 4 shows that the application of the proposed meliorative method leads to an increase in the yield of agricultural crops on A C-Mgo. / The expected economic effect from the application of the developed method on irrigated areas only Kharkov h year. The application of the proposed method allows, in addition to improving the chemical physical, water-physical and agrochemical properties of reclaimed soils, to expand the scope of reclamation work, reduce the consumption of calcium-containing materials (gypsum, etc.), as well as increase the yield of various agricultural crops.  Formula isobret e N and but with benzo 15 crown-5 and condensed sulfite-alcohol barda in the following ratio of components, 1 "wt.%: Gypsum Benzo-15-crown-5 Condensed sulfite alcohol 5 @ bard Water  L and c a 1 0.398-0.792 0.079-0.119 0.059-0.099 Else 22.0 55.0 M 17,8 -15 crown-5 -1 5 crown-5 0.199 0.099 0.079 Else 0.398 0.099 0.079 Else bUO 300 240 Else 1200 300 24 d Rest 5Gypsum Benzo-15-crown-5 CSSC Water 6Gypsum Benzo-15-crown- $ CSSC Water 7Gypsum Benzo-15 Crown-5 CSSC Water 8Gypsum Benzo-15 Crown-5 CSSC Water 9Gypsum Benzo-15 Crown-5 KSSB Water 0Gypsum Benzo-b-crown-5 kssb Water 11Gypsum Benzo-15 Crown-5 CSSC Water 0.792 0.099 0.079 Ostal ' a little 0.988 0.099 0.079 Balance 0.595 0.059 0.079 Balance 0.595 0.079 0.079 Balance 0.595 0.119 0.079 Balance 0.595 0.138 0.079 Balance 0.595 0.099 0.039 Balance 2400 300 240 Rest 3000 300 240 The rest is 1800 180 240 The rest is 1800 240 240 The rest is 1800 360 240 The rest is 1800 420 240 The rest is 1800 300 120 Rest Continued table. one 37.5 G4,1 38.4 15, FROM 42.0 16.2 41.0 15.3 40.1 15.0 41.2 16,0 42.5 16.4. 40.2 16,0 38.0 14.4 KSSB 0,0802 40 Water Ostal-Ostalnoe Gypsum 0.79224UO LEONO-1R-CROWN-E 0.099300 KSSB 0.07E, L Water Ostap-Ostalnoe Gypsum 0.5951800 Benzo-15-crown-5 0.0792 (0 0.35 0.13 1.79 1.15 0.1 (3 0.76 0.02 |, 5 0.28 O, and 2.11 1.1 (0 0.1 (2 0.69 0.022.0 0.30 0.12 2.01 1.28 O. M 0.72 0.021, D Gypsum 0/59 1800 Benzo-15-crown-5 0.099300 XSS 0.059180 Water Ostal-Ostalnojenie Gypsum 0.5951800 Benzo-15-crown-5 0.099300 CSSC Water 0.099300 Rest of the rest O S1 0.13 1.90 1.20 0.140 0.75 0.021.6 0.2: 0.13 2.20 1, L5 0.1 (1 0.60 U.022.5 Table 3 Table