SU1735587A1 - Method for development of trough-like deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open pit mining of multi-shaped deposits. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of development by providing the ability to quickly change the parameters of the technology. Initially, a career floor was opened on one of the wings of the deposit, then mining in the face board around the perimeter of the mold with their gradual deepening and internal dumping, overburden rocks are laid on the bottom of the open space formed at an angle smaller than the angle of natural slope of overburden rocks. Working out is carried out in a spiral by horizontal or inclined layers, or their combination. After processing, the layer is indented and the operations are repeated in the same order. 4 hpfla, 9 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the extraction of minerals in open pits, producing multi-shaped deposits.

There is a known method for the development of multi-shaped deposits, which includes the gradual excavation of minerals by horizontal layers when moving the mining front along the periphery to the castle lock with periodic transfer of transport communications to the areas with the highest current overburden ratio and mining around these areas to exceed the current overburden ratio on one of the plots along the front of mining operations at the current stripping ratio at the places where transport communications are located. This method allows to improve intra-career transport schemes.

However, due to the need for periodic re-activation of the pillars under transport communications, mining technology is becoming more complicated, the open-pit mine floor plan, the extraction of mineral resources becomes more expensive.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a method of developing multi-shaped deposits, including opening of a deposit with placement of overburden rocks in an external dump, excavation of overburden rocks and minerals in one of the wings of the mold of the working area of the open pit and side boards, formation of the bottom developed space, placement on it of internal

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overburden dumps, the creation of transport communications on the sides for transportation of overburden and minerals.

A disadvantage of the known method is the difficulty in quickly changing the parameters of the technology, since the latter have a rigid connection with the mining and geological conditions of development, in particular, for the excavation of mining operations, advance stripping of overburden ledges is required.

The aim of the invention is to improve the efficiency of development by providing the possibility of rapid changes in technology parameters.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing multi-shaped deposits, including the opening of deposits with the placement of overburden rocks in the outer dump, excavation of overburden rocks and minerals in one of the wings of the basin, the working area of the open pit with lateral and lateral sides, the formation of the bottom of the worked-out area, the internal dump of overburden rocks, the creation of transport communications on the sides for the transportation of overburden and minerals, the excavation of overburden rocks and minerals ved ut along the external contour of the mold with an end edge with simultaneous deepening of the working zone, with the bottom of the developed space forming at an angle to the horizon smaller angles of natural repose of the overburden.

The reservoir is opened at the site with the lowest stripping ratio.

In addition, the grooves are either horizontal layers with the formation of a stepped bottom of the goaf, or inclined layers, or their combination.

FIG. 1 shows the scheme to open the reservoir; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - mining plan for the development of internal dumping; in fig. 4 shows a section BB in FIG. 3; in fig. 5-plan of mining operations at the approach of the working face of the kuchastku open; FIG. 6 is a section along the line BB in FIG. five; in fig. 7 - mining plan during the dredging period; in fig. 8 - section G-Y in FIG. 7; in fig. 9 - mining plan with simultaneous insertion into two layers.

The method is carried out as follows.

Initially, on one of the wings of the multi-shaped deposit 1, for example, in the area with the lowest industrial overburden, it was opened by an advanced open pit excavation 2 s.

the placement of overburden rocks in the outer dump 3, located in the contour of the quarry floor boundaries. Forward quarry excavation can be made in the form of a trench

or trench. Then, using the face edge rammer 4 of the advanced pit excavation 2 along the perimeter (outer contour) 5 troughs, the stripping works and mining operations were carried out in the working area of the mine. In this case, the bottom 6 of the open space 7 is formed at an angle to the horizontal plane, which is less than the angle of repose of the overburden rocks. The specific angle is chosen based on the extent of the external contour 5 of the mold and the calculated depth of development.

At the bottom 6, an internal dump of 8 overburden rocks is formed, which move from the working area of the pit to transport

0 communications, laid on non-working sides 9. On the specified boards also congresses are formed, along which minerals are taken out of the working area.

Excavation of overburden and useful

5, the fossil with simultaneous deepening of the working zone is carried out either by horizontal layers with the formation of a stepped bottom of the developed space, or by inclined layers, or their combination.

0 When excavating with horizontal layers after driving off the end working side 4, a split trench on the lower ledge is passed to the required distance. Further development is carried out in the same sequence: the working side is distilled off and a split trench is passed to the next step. This order of mining is maintained until reaching the boundary of the career floor or the maximum depth of the NPP quarry.

0 In this case, the bottom of the goaf is formed stepwise. The adjustment of technological parameters of development is carried out by varying the length of the steps — an increase in the intensity of mining to 5 is achieved by decreasing the length of the steps, i.e. more intense grooves.

This method of development with horizontal excavation has sufficient flexibility, since in the design of a quarry it can be limited only to the choice of approximate boundaries of opencast mining and to refine them already in the course of operation depending on the needs for this type of mineral.

5 When excavating with inclined layers, the layers are drilled in by moving the mining equipment from top to bottom to the maximum depth of the quarry. The last layer forms the sloping bottom of the goaf. The excavation method with inclined layers is also quite flexible in changing the technological parameters, which is achieved by varying the number of simultaneously worked layers and their angle of inclination or the number of simultaneous inserts.

With a combined excavation, initial working with horizontal layers is possible, followed by a transition to inclined layers or vice versa.

All three excavation options allow selective dumping of the internal dump — overburden of upper ledges to be placed in the upper russ of the dump, overburden of the lower ledge — in lower rus with its simultaneous recultivation.

The development of a deposit with the formation of an inclined bottom of the developed space predetermines the retention of significant reserves of mineral resources under the bottom of the quarry, especially on the flank. Therefore, after mining the entire perimeter of the mold and returning to the site, the excavation continues with the excavation of the working mineral. At the same time, overburden rocks, including the previously poured inner dump 8, are moved into the newly formed developed space. Thus, the recess is made as if in a spiral with a recess at each turn and expansion of the working area of the end side 4.

With a large length of the working area between the working area and the internal blade, sliding transport bridges from the rocks of the internal dump are created. For this, the working area is divided into two sections, one of which is worked out ahead of the other.

Using the proposed method will allow mining with a minimum amount of technological space, i.e. greater stability of its sides and internal dump, to have in the first period of operation the best mode of mining due to the excavation of minerals located near the surface with non-deteriorating mining conditions for the subsequent stages of mining and ensuring the possibility of increasing the production capacity of the open-pit.

In addition, conditions are improved for mining the formations of multi-shaped deposits.

Claims (5)

1. Method of developing multi-shaped deposits, including opening of deposits with placement of overburden rocks in the external dump, excavation of overburden and mineral in one of the wings of the basin of the working area of the open pit with lateral and lateral sides, formation of the bottom of the developed space, placement of an internal dump of overburden rocks on it , the creation of transport communications on boards for the transport of overburden and mineral resources, is also different in that, in order to increase the efficiency of development by providing Opportunities for rapid changes in technology parameters, excavation of overburden and minerals lead along the outer contour of the mold with an edge board with simultaneous deepening of the working area, while the bottom of the developed space is formed at an angle to the horizon smaller than the angle of natural slope of the overburden. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reservoir is opened at the site with the lowest industrial overburden ratio. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is carried out in horizontal layers with stepwise formation of the bottom of the excavated space. 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is led by inclined layers. 5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the notches are driven by a combination of inclined and horizontal layers. Aa J Јш .. ± to Shh, e isssea 9W. 9