SU1735561A1 - Drilling method and relevant device - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: drilling of explosive wells on large areas during the construction of the road bed of roads and railways, pits. Summary of the invention: the first wells of the initial row are marked. Mounted drilling equipment in the area of these wells and drill them. The drilling equipment is shifted away from the drilled wells, in which the anchor beam of the cable-and-block system is secured. Doburyvayut initial rd wells, moving drilling equipment along the traverse. Consistently secured the anchor traverse in the wells of the initial row, the next rows of wells with the shuttle, for example, moving drilling equipment, are drilled perpendicular to it. A device for performing drilling operations comprises a base with outriggers and a turntable on which a rotary frame is mounted, carrying a shaft with a boring head. It is equipped with a cable blocking system that includes an anchor yoke with a bypass unit and a winch, the cable of which covers the bypass unit and is fixed to the base. The rotary frame has a telescopic radially movable beam, on which a feeder with a boring head is mounted. Outrigger supports are made in the form of skis. 2 sec. f-ly, 8 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction in areas of bedding of rocky and frozen soils, in particular, to work on drilling and anchor wells when constructing a landbed of railways and highways, trenches for artificial structures and special tasks, as well as for support of power lines.

There is a known method for performing drilling operations, including marking the well location in the drilled area, installing the drilling equipment at the location of the first well, drilling this

wells and moving around the site of drilling equipment to the next location of the station for drilling subsequent wells, wells.

The disadvantage of this method is that OK does not provide high performance drilling operations, especially in areas with mountainous terrain. This is due to the fact that this method is based on the use of heavy and cumbersome drilling equipment (13–25 tons), for the delivery of which, under conditions of inaccessibility, it is necessary to build special roads and quality

(L (L O

work on site planning. In addition, at the planned site, it is necessary to mark up the drilling sites, and during the drilling process a lot of time is spent on the transfer of drilling equipment from the transport position to the working position and back.

Known drilling equipment containing a crawler tractor, in the back of which the console mounted drilling equipment with two working bodies. Despite the fact that this equipment has the ability to simultaneously drill two wells, it is inefficient due to the complexity of its delivery to the work site, the need to carefully plan the working site and the large amount of time required for the transfer of drilling. equipment from the transport position to the working position and back.

It is also known a portable device for drilling in preparation of a foundation pit for various structures in rocky and frozen soils, containing a base with outriggers and a turntable on which a rotary bed is mounted, carrying a sub-shaft with a boring head.

Despite the fact that this well-known drilling device is easily disassembled and has a rotary bed, which allows drilling four wells from a single installation, it is impractical to use it when implementing the proposed method directly because of the following drawbacks inherent in this equipment, which significantly reduce drilling productivity:

1. The fixed location of the drill pipe conductors does not allow changing the distance between the wells, while under actual conditions, depending on the type of soil, the specified distance is required to change even within the same working area;

2. To ensure the operation of this equipment, preliminary marking of wells is required;

3. due to the impossibility of transporting the assembled equipment around the equipment site, it takes time to dismantle it before moving from one place to another and installing at a new place (the same when transporting from one drilling site to another).

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of drilling operations by reducing operations in the production cycle when drilling wells, namely, marking up drilling sites and transferring drilling equipment from the transport position to the working position and back.

The goal is achieved by applying the method of drilling operations,

including marking the well location site on the well to be mastered, installing drilling equipment at the first well location, drilling this well, and moving around the drilling equipment site to the next site to drill subsequent wells; the markings are made only for the first wells of the initial row, in the zone of which the drilling equipment is mounted, the first wells of the initial row are drilled, after which the drilling equipment is shifted away from the drilled wells, in which the anchor traverse of the cable block system is fixed filing

0 and movement of the drilling equipment in the initial row from one station to another, and at each next station site carry out, if necessary, operational adjustment of the site

5, laying the next wells, and after drilling the initial row of wells, reassembling the feed cable system to drill the wells in the next row of the area to be drilled.

0 To achieve this goal, a device is proposed comprising a base with outriggers and a turntable on which a rotary bed is mounted, carrying a feeder with a boring head,

5 which (device) is equipped with a cable-block supply system that includes an anchor yoke with a bypass unit and a winch, the cable of which covers the bypass unit and is fixed to the base, while turning on the bed has a telescopic radially movable beam on which the feeder with a drill head is mounted, and outrigger supports are made in the form of skis.

5 In FIG. 1 to 3 show the production sites at the time of the initial row of wells, the second and subsequent rows of wells, the plan; in fig. 4 shows a device for explaining the method, a general view; in fig. 5 and 6 0 the base of the drilling rig, which explains the properties of the retractable beam during drilling at one place; in fig. 7 and FIG. 8 - the same, but with long distances (for frozen soils).

five

The proposed method for performing drilling operations, in particular, at construction sites in areas covered by rocky or frozen soils, is implemented by the following operations.

Traditional operations are; marking the well location site 1 in the drilled area 2, mounting the drilling equipment 3 at the location of the first well 4, drilling the last one and moving around the drilling equipment area 3 to the next site for drilling subsequent wells.

In the proposed method, the marking is performed only for the first wells A of the initial row 5, in the zone b which the drilling equipment 3 is mounted. Then the first wells 4 of the initial row 5 are drilled, the equipment 3 is shifted away from the wells 4. In these wells the Anchor yoke 7 of the cable system 8 is fed to supply and move the drilling equipment in the initial row from one position to another. At that, at each next place of the station, if necessary, an operational adjustment of the location of the next wells 1 is carried out, and after drilling the wells of the initial row 5, the assembly of the cable-block system 8- is drilled to drill the next 9 of the developed area. from one; south of the drilling site to another is produced assembled using a cable-block system 8, driven from the winch area 10 installed on one side and including a bypass unit 11 fixed by the anchor method by means of the crosshead 7 in the extreme wells 4 on the side opposite to the winch 10 penetration of every next row of wells. At the same time, at least four wells 1 are made at one stop at the next drilling site (six are shown in Figs. 5 and 6) under the condition that it is possible to quickly change the distance between them.

This winch can be mounted on a bulldozer, car. The cable system, or rather its tensioned cable 8, serves not only as a traction unit, but also serves as a guide when moving drilling equipment 3 from one drilling site to another. In order to drill the next pair of wells 1, the drilling equipment is stopped at a point lying midway between these wells (Figs. 3, 5, 6).

After the initial row 5 has been drilled, the remaining rows 9, perpendicular to it, are drilled (Fig. 3), for which the anchor yoke 7 is fixed in the wells of the initial row 5, and the equipment is moved by the shuttle method. Another order of passage of rows 9 is possible, i.e., another organization of works.

This method involves the operation of rapidly changing the distance between the wells, which is very important in conditions when the working sites of considerable size (A B 20 m and more - Fig. 1) have soils of different hardness, as well as to compensate for inaccuracy of equipment installation at the place of the next well drilling.

0 A device for performing drilling operations, by means of which the proposed method is implemented, comprises a base 12 with outriggers 13 and a turntable 14. on which a rotary frame 15 mounted on the feeder is mounted by means of rollers. The latter is made in the form of guides 16 and a strut 17 of variable length. A boring head 18 is mounted on the feeder, which is connected by a cable with a foot bed 19.

The device is equipped with a cable-blocking system including a cable 8, the ends of which are fixed to the base 12 of the drilling unit and which is thrown through the bypass block 11 of the anchor rail 7 and connected to the drum of the winch 10. This drum can act as a traverser.

The rotary frame 15 of the device has a telescopic radially movable beam 20; supports 21 outriggers 13 made in the form of skis.

All drilling mechanisms and subframe units (pos. 18-21) are mounted on a tele5 beam 20,

The drawings do not show the mechanism of rotation of the frame 15 relative to the base 12, which can be performed the same way as in the prototype in the form of a gear ring on

0 turntable 14 and drive gear.

The ends of the cable 8 on the base 12 are fixed by means of quick-release elements 22, made, for example, in the form of

5 pivot connection.

The frame 15 has clamps (not shown) of the positions of the beam 20, for example, in the form of screws with counter elements, and the beam itself has a hole (conductor) 23 for the drill bit and an additional outrigger 24, as well as handles (loops) to act on the beam 20 when her nomination (not shown).

5 are connected to the drill head 18 with energy-supplying communications 25.

The yoke 7 is provided with anchors 26, which are mounted to move along it.

The device works as follows.

The drilling equipment is assembled and installed at the working site 2 in the drilling zone 6 of the first two wells 4 of the initial row 5 (Figs. 1 and 2). In this case, the horizontal position of the base 12 is established with the help of outrigger screws 13, and the required distance between the starting wells 4, as well as between the longitudinal rows of wells in general, is ensured by the extension of the beam 20. The bed 15 is turned by the rotation mechanism to the axis of the future well this coincidence is corrected by extending the beam 20, and then using fixtures and outrigger 24, the drilling equipment is fixed in the working position. The same actions are performed before drilling each successive well, if it is necessary to promptly correct inaccuracies in dislocation of the drilling equipment, an energy source is switched on (for example, a compressor), and the well is drilled, for example, by thermomechanical method. After the end of drilling, the head 18 is moved to the up position, the outrigger 24 is raised, the bed 15 is turned to drill the second starting well A (or any next well), and the described cycle is repeated. In the drilled starting wells 4 of the initial row 5, the anchor yoke 7 is secured with the help of anchors 26. Then the installation of the wire-block system, i.e. the go-guide device, is performed, for which the cable 8 is thrown through the bypass unit 11 of the yoke 7, and the ends the cable is fixed on the base 12 by means of the elements 22. As for the connection of the cable to the winch drum, this is usually done in advance.

The cable is tensioned and oriented relative to the row of boreholes of a certain longitudinal and lateral displacement of the winch. After that, the device is ready for drilling longitudinal rows of wells that do not require their prior marking. At each site of the drilling equipment stand, there is no need to mark the distance between the rows of wells in, since it is determined by the position of the telescopic beam 20 (Fig. 1 and 2). The distance between the wells in the longitudinal direction a is provided by a known technique, which consists, for example, in the use of a removable (adjustable) stop (not shown) mounted on the winding-up branch of the cable 8 and cooperating with the final drive switch of the winch 10.

In order to meet the requirements for drilling and blasting operations in both rocky and frozen soils, the proposed device provides

possibility of drilling wells with a significant variation in the magnitude of the distance between them. The rocky soil is characterized by short distances a 1 and 1 (Figs. 5 and 6), which, in particular, may be less than the base diameter of the drilling rig, and therefore drilling within the turntable will be required, including, quite possibly, the center of it, and the frame 15 for the possibility of drilling within the base

5 has a longitudinal slit at the top and bottom for the passage of the working body of the drilling rig. Outrigger 24 is installed with the possibility of quick assembly and disassembly. From FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 it is clear how drilling is provided with significant, approximately two times as large as the base diameter, the distance between the wells a 2 and b 2.

After the entire site has been walked through, the device (drilling equipment, cable, traverse) and other auxiliary equipment is dismantled and transported to another work site.

The proposed method and device for performing drilling operations when preparing the foundation pit for various structures in solid soils, as compared to the known similar technical solutions, allow us to organize the drilling operations, which made it possible to significantly reduce the duration of the entire foundation preparation cycle.

The use of a drilling machine, characterized by ease and possibility

0 almost on the move, changing the longitudinal-transverse well step and equipped with a guide in the form of a spun-block system made it possible to refuse preliminary marking of wells, except for a few old ones. An additional effect is to reduce the metal intensity of all equipment, as compared with the option of a self-propelled drilling rig on tracks or wheels, and with the option

0 when rail guides and traction winch are used. This applies to both the method and the device. Thus, the resulting effect (reducing the complexity and time of work, as well as the metal

5 equipment) is formed not simply by the sum of the components from the use of individual techniques and solutions, but by their interrelated composition with obtaining an additional result. Indeed, the use of anchor traverse and

cable - strings instead of a self-propelled drilling rig or rail guides definitely cannot entail a significant reduction in the labor intensity of drilling operations, since, if the proposed device with a retractable beam is not used, additional labor-intensive operations with appropriate marking and shifting of the drilling rig in the longitudinal and transverse directions (hooking by the base cables both along and across the row of wells, a corresponding turn of the outrigger skis, moving the winch from the longitudinal to the pepper drilling direction and back motion and other related operations).

But if the effect of the use of a quick-taper traverse with a pulling cable additionally imposes the effect of using a retractable beam of the bed, consisting in the possibility of practically on the move, depending on the varying strength properties of the soil, to correct the step of wells, not just the total quality from the use of individual features of an object, but a new unexpected effect.

The application of the proposed method of drilling operations will increase the productivity of work by at least 30% and significantly reduce the cost of their implementation. The expected annual economic effect from the introduction of only one set of the proposed drilling equipment in the development of a pit for the foundation of a power transmission line in areas of bedding of rocky and frozen soils will be about 86 thousand rubles.

The advantages of the proposed drilling method and device that implements it will be illustrated by the example of the development of a pit for a foundation of a power line support (PTL) in areas with mountainous terrain. In these areas, power transmission lines, as a rule, are erected on elevations every 400 to 600 meters, while the pits for their foundations develop square shapes (Fig. 1) with a depth of up to 3 meters.

The duration of the complex of drilling operations during the development of a pit for a power line foundation is determined by the following

T ti +12 +13 +14.

where ti is the duration of delivery of the drilling and auxiliary equipment to the site of the excavation;

t2 - the duration of the site layout;

1z - the duration of the marking of drilling sites;

S - the duration of drilling.

Under these conditions, delivery of well-known drilling and auxiliary equipment from one development site to another is very problematic and lasts 10 to 12 hours on average. The proposed drilling equipment is assembled in a disassembled form on a mobile bulldozer, additionally equipped with a compressor and a winch. To transport such a technical device (with a total mass of approximately 2 times less than that of a drilling machine-analog), a large amount of preparatory work is required and therefore the duration of its delivery to the object of work will average 2 to 3 hours.

The duration of the site leveling operation when performing drilling operations in a known manner is approximately 2-2.5 hours, since for the work of a known drilling machine the slope of the earth’s surface on the platform should not exceed 3 ° (1). During the operation of the proposed drilling equipment, such a flat platform is not required; therefore, the duration of this operation is 2 to 3 times less.

The marking of drilling sites (in our case, 100 pieces) in the known method of drilling operations is 1.5-2 hours, and in the proposed maximum 0.3 hours. If you take into account the assembly time of drilling equipment in the drilling zone of the first two wells If the row and the total duration of the re-installation of the anchor bar during drilling, it is possible to accept in the proposed method, 5-2 hours.

The last drilling operation with a known method is carried out in the following sequence (1): moving the drilling machine to the drilling site, setting it in a horizontal position, transferring the drilling equipment from transport to working (25 min); simultaneous drilling of two wells (20 min); transfer of drilling equipment from working to transport (15 min). In total, it takes 60 minutes to drill two wells.

In case of using the proposed drilling equipment, the duration of this operation will be: 15 minutes - moving the drilling equipment and setting its base to a horizontal position, and 80 minutes for alternately drilling 4 wells. In total, drilling of 4 wells takes 95 minutes.

The duration of the complex of drilling operations in the development of the pit under the foundation of transmission lines for the known method will be

T 12 + 2.5 + 2 + proposed T 3 + 1 + 2 +

100

. 60 66.5 hours, and for

100

.95 45,54.

So in the second case, T is 21 hours less, and this value is further reduced if 6 wells are alternately drilled from one drilling equipment installation (Figs. 5 and 6).

Such a reduction in the duration of a drilling operation is especially important when drilling frozen soils, since after the formation of wells, they are filled with water and their blockage due to the collapse of the soil, which leads to the need for re-drilling.

Thus, if we additionally consider that in the second case the capital investment and operating costs are much smaller, the drilling equipment design is simpler and more reliable, its weight and mobility are higher, then the advantages of the proposed drilling method and device for carrying out are indisputable.

Claims (2)

1. A method for performing drilling operations, including marking the well location site in the drilled area, installing drilling equipment at the first well site, drilling this well, and moving around the drilling equipment site to the next site for drilling subsequent wells, ten 15 20 25 thirty 35 P In order to increase the productivity of drilling operations by reducing the operations in the production cycle while drilling wells over the area, the marking is performed only for the first wells of the initial row, in the zone of which the drilling equipment is mounted, the first wells are drilled of the initial row, after which the drilling equipment is shifted away from the drilled wells, in which the anchor rail of the cable-block system is fixed to feed and move the drilling equipment in the initial row from one position of the drill to rugomu, prmchem on each successive location APIS carried out if necessary operational adjustment places zalozhennost successive wells, and after the initial drilling of wells and p is carried out rewiring trosoblochnoy system for drilling wells in the next row drilling coverage. 2. A device for performing drilling operations, comprising a base with outriggers and a turntable on which a rotary frame is mounted, carrying a feeder with a drill head, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of work, it is equipped with a cable-block feeding system including an anchor bar with a bypass unit and a winch, the cable of which covers the bypass unit and is fixed to the base, while the rotary frame has a telescopic beam, which is radially movable, on which are mounted under tchik the drill head, and Aus- rigger supports are made in the form of skis. at About About / About About About About - О 9О - в -О- «t -nineteen Yu FIG. 2 Fiz.Z Cs FIG. b FIG. eight