SU1715608A1 - Extruder for formation of mainly silicate mixes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of building materials. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of products, reduce energy consumption and wear of working bodies. An extruder comprising a cylinder with an outlet, a working member with channels for feeding the mixture, associated with a rotational drive, and a head with a mouthpiece, is provided with a chamber located between the working member and the outlet of the cylinder. The head is made in the form of a piston placed in a chamber mounted for axial movement. The channels of the working body are equipped with valves. 1 hp f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to building materials, namely, extruders for molding ceramic, asbestos-cement, gypsum-fiber and other building products.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of products, reduce energy consumption and wear of the working body.

FIG. 1 shows the scheme of the extruder; in fig. 2 - valve installation diagram.

The extruder comprises a cylinder 1, equipped with a wear-resistant replaceable sleeve 2. a head 3 equipped with replaceable sealing rings 4, a mouthpiece 5, a screw 6 with an end blade 7. provided with a valve 8, a pressing chamber 9 located between the end blade of the screw and the outlet of the cylinder, hydraulic motor 10, a hydraulic cylinder 11, rods 12, a hydraulic station 13 with a distribution device 14, and a device 15 for receiving raw material. The valve 8 is provided with lugs 16, with which it is fixed to the end blade by means of a finger 17.

Variants of this device.

The head, for example, can be made stationary, and a cylinder with a screw is moved. Such a solution can be considered expedient, since in the proposed construction these elements in the molding process only work in compression and can be made considerably lighter. But it is possible execution in which the cylinder is stationary and the head is movable.

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Not only a screw but also a rotary tool can be used to inject the mixture into the pressing chamber.

The valve is installed on the housing of the pressing chamber at the exit from the channels of the working body.

The head can be made in the form of an oval-shaped piston.

The extruder operates as follows.

The mixture is loaded into the press and fed by the screw 6, rotated by the hydraulic motor 10, into the chamber 9, as it is filled, the cylinder 1 moves to the left. The cylinder 1 acts on the hydraulic cylinder 11, moving it to its original position. The working fluid is then discharged through the distribution device 14 into the hydraulic system tank. When the cylinder 1 reaches the leftmost position, the hydraulic motor 10 is turned off, and the hydraulic cylinder 11 is turned on, which moves the cylinder 1 to the right. When this mixture is compressed in the chamber 9 and, since the resistance to movement through the channel of the cylinder 1 and the screw 6 is greater than in the channel of the mouthpiece 5, is squeezed through the mouthpiece 5 to the receiving device 15,

In the case of the movement of the mixture from the chamber through the screw channel, the mixture deploys the valve 8, which partially blocks the entrance to the channel and prevents the mixture from returning. When the cylinder 1 reaches the extreme right position, the distributor 14 shuts off the hydraulic cylinder 11, directs its working fluid to the drain and turns on the hydraulic motor 10. The cycle repeats. The molded product in the form of a continuous tape enters the receiving device 15.

In the proposed extruder, the screw serves to feed the mixture into the chamber, pre-compact it and create a mixture backwater during the pressing process. When performing these operations, the pressure on the screw is low. Therefore, the heating of the auger and the mixture and a strong wear of the auger does not occur. The energy intensity of the processes is also small.

The mixture is pressed as a result of axial movement of the head in the cylinder.

Large stresses and slip of the mixture are observed only on the surface of the head (where lubrication can be carried out easily and without significant damage to the quality of the products). Slip mixture on the auger and cylinder is practically absent. Most of the energy consumed by the press is expended in this case for performing useful work — formulating the mixture.

Compared with the prototype, this structure allows, during molding, for example, asbestos-cement panels, to eliminate up to 6% of the scrap caused by heating of the screw and the moldable mixture, to reduce the energy consumption of the molding process by 50-40%, to reduce the wear of the screw by about 10 times. It is possible to increase the pressing speed. It is possible to form hard mixtures. Hard molding technology is one of the promising trends in the development of the ceramic industry, which is largely hampered by the lack of reliable molding equipment.

Claims (2)

1. An extruder for forming predominantly silicate mixtures, comprising a cylinder with an outlet, a working member with channels for feeding the mixture associated with the drive, a head with a mouthpiece, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the products, reduce the energy intensity and wear of the working member, it is provided with a chamber mounted between the working body and the cylinder outlet, mounted for axial movement relative to the head, made in the form of a piston. 2. Extruder pop. 1, characterized in that the channels of the working body are made with valves. 12 16 1 eight  J FIG.