SU1687124A1 - Rice irrigation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the construction and operation of rice systems. The purpose of the invention is to save irrigation water by reusing it and reducing the salinity of waste water. The rice system is equipped with a supply network of canals 3-5 and a drainage network. The third order collector 6 is deeper than the second order collector 7. The collector 12 is coupled to the pump station 13 with a second-order channel A. The second-order collector 11 has a depth greater than the third-order collector 12 and is coupled by the pump station 15 to the first-order collector 8. During sprinkling irrigation, surface wastewater, as well as technological discharge from flooded checks, enters third-order collectors and, the stack into recessed collector 7, is pumped to the irrigation channel 4 for refluxing in the rice irrigation process. The most mineralized deep water is intercepted by rice. deep drainage and diversion to the reservoir 11, from where they are taken by the pump and fed out of the system. 1 il.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the design, construction, operation and reconstruction of rice systems.

The aim of the invention is to save water by allowing it to be reused and reducing the salinity of wastewater.

The drawing shows a rice irrigation system, a general view.

The rice irrigation system consists of one or several crop rotation plots united by a common supply and discharge network of canals with structures, each of which carries out a rotational cycle of growing crops of rice crop rotation. The crop rotation section of the system consists of several fields of 1 crop rotation, divided into checks 2.

At 50% of the rice content in the eight-field crop rotation, rice is cultivated on four floors x 1, on the rest - the accompanying culture of the first and second year of vegetation.

The system includes a network of water supply channels, including a first-order distributor 3, distributing water between crop rotation plots, second-order distributors 4, distributing water between crop fields 1 and third-order distributors 5, distributing water between checks 2.

The system also includes a network of drainage channels consisting of third order collectors 6, collecting water from the field 1 of the crop rotation, second order collector 7 and first order collector 8, which drain the water respectively from the fields 1 of the crop rotation and the crop rotation area .

The system also includes a network of closed horizontal tubular drainage comprising shallow drains 9 of the upper rusa, which is used to flush and drain the upper soil layer, deep drains of the lower rusa, which serves to lower the level and drain of the groundwater and the recessed collector 11 parallel to channels 4 7 second order and separating field 1 of crop rotation to prevent filtration flow of water from the flooded rice field to the field with the accompanying crop, which is practically provided at a collector depth of 11 4.0-4.5 m, which should be greater than the depth of the collector 6 of the third order of not less than 25%.

In-ground collector 11 is made with a high, not less than 1.0 m filter made from bulk natural or artificial materials. One of the third-order collectors 12 is made with a construction depth of 20-30% greater than the remaining third-collector depths of the third order, which is practically 3-3.5 m. The collector 12 is connected to the distributor 4 of the second

order by pumping station 13 of the mobile or stationary type.

Deep drainage bottom 10 attached to the collector 11 drains-collector16. Performed from

0 non-perforated asbestos cement pipes.

The system also includes a pumping station 15 of a mobile or stationary type, serving to transfer

5 water from the reservoir 11 to the first order collector 8, and in addition, includes hydraulic tubular structures and roads. Fine drainage 9 is connected to a third-order collector by collector 16.

0 The system works as follows. The technological process of water distribution and irrigation of crops of rice crop rotation is carried out in accordance with the regimes of irrigation of rice and related

5 cultures. The irrigation period and the irrigation regime of rice implemented on the proposed system is divided into two stages — humidifying irrigation by sprinkling from sowing to the tillering stage at the first stage and

0 flooding of checks 2 with the subsequent regulation of the layer on the second. Irrigation of associated crops is done by sprinkling. For irrigation by sprinkling, a wide-range sprinkler is applied to the frontal action technique.

Watering of rice and related crops is carried out in the following combinations: the first period is watering of accompanying crops before sowing and irrigation of rice, the second period

0 - irrigation of rice and related crops with sprinkling, the third period - irrigation of rice with superficial flooding, and associated crops with sprinkling. In the first period, the outlet outlet 5 on the distributor 5 is of the third order closed, the sprinkler takes water from the distributor 5 and irrigates only in the first crop rotation field occupied by the accompanying crop. With this rain, the machine moves only half the length of the distributor 5.

In the second period, alternate irrigations are carried out by sprinkling the rice floor and the floor with the accompanying crop. AT

5 third period, i.e. the irrigation of rice by flooding, and the accompanying crops by sprinkling, the outlets of the distributor 5 of the third order in the section passing within the crop rotation floor 1 with rice crops are open, and

the other half of the channel closed. The maintenance of the water layer in checks 2 is carried out automatically. The water flow in the third-order distributor 5 during this period (from tillering rice to waxy) is the sum of the water drawn by the sprinkler and the flow required to regulate the water level in the checks 2.

The different states of operation of the closed horizontal drainage network are folded over the indicated periods, and in addition, the so-called non-vegetation period is distinguished from water discharge from the rice field to the next sowing of rice or associated culture. During the first and second periods, with irrigation of concomitant crops and rice, sprinkling and during the non-vegetation period only deep drainage 10 of the lower rushes works, shallow drainage 9 of the upper russa and the recessed collector 11 are closed.

If during the period of sowing the soil is wetted with precipitation, for a short time, a small drainage of the upper tusk is included to drain the upper 0.4-0.6 meters of soil. In the third period, all types of closed drainage are included in the operation, with deep drainage 10 operating only on crop rotation fields x 1 with concomitant crops, and shallow drainage 9 - on the floor with rice crops. The water that has been filtered into the buried collector 11 is diverted by the pump station 15 to the collector 8 of the first order.

In the third period, phenological phases of rice development — tillering, tubing, earing, flowering, milky and wax ripeness — on crop fields with rice crops, technological water discharges take place while controlling the flooding layer.

Discharged water through collectors 6 third order, collector 7 second

the row is transported to the third-order buried collector 12, pumped by pumping station 13 to the second-order distributor 4 and reused on crop rotation fields x 1 with accompanying crops, and if necessary, on the fields with rice crops from which no reset. Thus, the separation of saline water coming from the drainage network and diverted from the system, and fresh water coming through open drainage channels, for reuse is realized.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Rice irrigation system, including crop rotation plots with a network of water supply channels of the first and second order and channels of the third order made with the possibility of sprinkling irrigation, drainage collectors of the first, second and third order and closed horizontal drains, coupled with drains - collectors discharged into a second-order collector, characterized in that, in order to save water by allowing reuse and reducing salinity of wastewater. The system is equipped with mobile pumping stations, and one of the third-order drainage collectors is made greater than the depth of the second order drainage channel adjacent to it and is connected to the second-order water supply channel, the second order collector Conjugated with collector drains, is made with a bottom mark higher than the third order bottom mark and connected by means of a pumping station with a first order collector.