SU1667665A1 - Method for weed control in row crops - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to agriculture. The aim of the invention is to reduce the consumption of herbicides and their polluting effects on the environment. Herbicides are applied to the soil surface by a continuous screen, and sowing is carried out to the soil surface with simultaneous formation of ridges by displacing the top layer of soil from the aisles, the top layer of soil is shifted from 50% of the area and ridges are formed above the seeds with the height of the corresponding agrotechnical embedment depth sem n The method allows to increase the yield of agricultural crops. 1 hp f-ly, 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to methods for controlling undesirable vegetation using chemical means.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the consumption of herbicides and their polluting effects on the environment.

When sowing a tillage crop, the herbicide is evenly distributed over the entire surface, the seeds of the crop are sown on the soil surface, which are covered with soil mixed with the herbicide displaced from the inter-beds to the depth of sowing of seeds. Above the seeds, a ridge of the soil mixed with the herbicide is formed, and the soil layer above the seeds corresponds to the embedment depth of the seeds of the given crop.

As an example of a specific implementation of the method, let us consider its use in the ridge technology of corn cultivation. The method is implemented when sowing with an aggregate including a T-70C tractor with POM-BSO herbicidal equipment and SUPN-8 spraying equipment. On the frame of the springs on spring-loaded leads in the center of the rows between the sowing sections are mounted ridge-formers. The latter are made in the form of paw-hillers or in the form of two spherical disks set symmetrically by the axes of rotation at an angle to each other and oriented with a concave surface in the direction of the movement of the unit. A spray boom is attached in front of the sections of the sling.

When sowing corn unit works as follows.

WITH

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A herbicide is applied to the floor through sprayers on the boom. The most common soil herbicide used for maize, atrazine, when applied continuously, is applied at a rate of 3 kg / ha. The proposed method allows to reduce the rate of herbicide application - enough: 1.2 kg / ha. On the sprayed herbicide in the sowing sections of the crop, corn seeds are sown in rows with a 70 cm wide spacing. And moving successively the ridge formers, remove the soil from a 35 cm wide band (half aisle) and a depth of 7-8 cm and form above the tall seeds, a ridge covering the seeds with a soil layer of 7–8 cm is necessary for the normal germination of corn seeds. The width of the strip, intact by the combinator, on which the screen of the applied herbicides is maintained, is 35 cm. In the center of this strip there is a row of culture. B. As a result, an arable layer zone is formed with a screen arrangement of the herbicide in the soil, and a ridge of soil mixed with the herbicide is located on top.

The proposed method of controlling undesirable vegetation in crops of tilled crops allows, without reducing the biological activity of herbicidal preparations, a significant reduction in the rates of their application (by 50%) with continuous application over the floor surface, since the herbicide mixed with the soil is displaced from 50% of the area and is placed above the herbicide placed on the surface of the floor by a screen, thus creating conditions for destroying the weeds in the area of the same as for the full dose. If weeds can break through the screen, then weakened ones will be destroyed by the herbicide in the ridge. Favorable conditions created in the ridges to dissolve herbicides increase their biological activity per unit of time and speed up the process of decomposition of chemicals to a neutral state, prevent the removal of drugs from the floor, thereby reducing the risk of environmental contamination and negative effects on subsequent crop rotation. Along with that. The process of continuous surface application of herbicides is much easier to implement than the subsoil, it is easier to control the quality of the introduction, the transfer of part of the herbicides with the soil to the zone of rows is carried out simultaneously with the cutting of ridges, i.e. The advantages of the proposed method in comparison with the known are presented in the table.

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An additional effect also provides an increase in the environmental safety of herbicides.

Claims (2)

1. A method of controlling weeds in crops of tilled crops, including the introduction of herbicides during sowing and the formation of crests above rows of seedlings, which is characterized by the fact that, in order to reduce the consumption of herbicides and their contaminating effect on the surrounding herbicides are applied to the soil surface with a continuous screen, and sowing is carried out to the soil surface with the simultaneous formation of ridges by displacing the topsoil from the aisles. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the top soil layer is shifted from 50% of the area and the formation of ridges above the seeds with a height that meets the agrotechnical requirement of seeding seed.