RU1817974C - Method for cultivation of sunflower in arid zone - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture, in particular in crop production. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the method involves the application of a mixture of treflam and trialate herbicides in a weight ratio of 1: 3 in a dose of 1.7-2 l / ha during the pre-sowing cultivation of sunflower seeds, followed by sowing millet. 1 wp 3 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in agricultural production for the cultivation of sunflower in a crop rotation. . -;

The aim of the invention is to increase productivity by reducing the clogging of sunflower by including flutar, a mixture of treflan with triallate (M.M-dipropyl-3- (2,3,3-trichloroallyl) thiocarbamate) in its technology of steam debris cleaning unit. which does not have a negative effect on millet following sunflower, which creates better conditions for its development.

In the proposed method, the cultivation of sunflower in the arid zone, including sowing sunflower in the crop rotation after crops and applying herbicides, moreover, a mixture of herbicides 2,6-dinitro M, M-dipropyl-4-trifluoromethylaniline with M, M-diisopropyl-8 is used as the herbicide - (2,3,3-trichloroallyl) thiocarbamate at a ratio of 1: 3 (flghatar) in a dose of 1.7-2 kg / ha, and the sowing of sunflower is carried out in a crop rotation: crops-sunflower-millet. . The introduction of herbicides into the soil is carried out under pre-sowing cultivation in liquid form or before and after sowing sunflower seeds in granular form.

The method is carried out as follows.

Sunflower is grown after the decontamination link: black-winter wheat-wheat-wheat steam. After harvesting the precursor, the field is treated with a disk cultivator to a depth of 6-0 cm. Plowed to a depth of 27 cm. Covering harrowing of the soil is carried out in spring. Liquid pre-sowing cultivation is applied by spraying, and granular liquid is applied at a dose of 1, 7-2.0 l / ha (kg / ha) a.v.

Flutar is a strictly fixed production mix of treflan and triallate herbicides. In 1. liter of 40% emulsion concentrate, 11% of the first and 20% of the second are contained (in 1 g, 10% granular, and 7.5%, respectively).

After the use of flutar, the field is sown with sunflower, if necessary, harrowed to seedlings and cultivated between rows at a plant height of not more than 40-50 cm with simultaneous sprinkling of weeds in rows. During the growing season, constant monitoring of phyto (L

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the sanitary state of the crop, pests and diseases are controlled using appropriate plant protection products. In order to accelerate ripening, the sunflower is treated with desiccants and harvested. Then the field is prepared for sowing millet: stubble stubble, plowed 20-22 cm, cultivated in the spring 2-3 times, sowed, use methods of caring for the crop, and with the onset of maturity - harvested.

The granulation of the granular flutar is done with the seeding discs (before or after sowing the sunflower) at the same time as the soil is added to the upper (sowing) layer, which does not require water supply to form the working fluid, the drug immediately enters the soil through these seven wires, eliminating its transfer to sensitive culture, therefore, this form of herbicide is eco-friendly and technological about use.

The application of the proposed method was carried out in experimental cases of crop rotation in the link: black-winter wheat-wheat-sunflower-millet-steam.

The repetition of the experiment is 4-fold; the size of the cases is 126 m2.

Sunflower was sown on two backgrounds of fertilizer: when applying the optimal dose of NeoPeo.Keo and without fertilizer. From the time of sowing to seedlings, the sunflower needs a lot of time - at least 12-14 days, so the field is quickly clogged and weeds drown out weak seedlings.

The aforementioned steam crop cleaning link allows for effective control of weeds in the precursors of sunflower, starting with the most important crop cleaner - black steam, in which weeds are destroyed by agronomic measures and in combination with herbicides. Good weed control of winter wheat itself suppresses weeds and roa wheat is located in a fairly clear field. If necessary, agrotechnical methods for cultivating flat wheat in tillering are enhanced by the use of 2,4-D type herbicides. exterminated broadleaf weeds, including malicious root shoots. In addition, the optional use of 2,4-D, for example, amine salt, is possible in this crop rotation link in the autumn after harvesting flat wheat and stubble stubble stubble from growing outlets of perennials. This field is used to clear the underflow of sunflower, and root shoot weeds do not present thunderstorms for its cultivation. In this case, the sunflower crop is greatly harmed by weeds propagated by seeds, the stock of which in the arable field in elk up to

35 cm, sometimes it reaches tens and even hundreds of millions per 1 ha (in our crop rotation up to 1.2 million units / ra). The main species among them are mice, breadworms, mari, common oats, chicken millet, etc. Against them (before the proposed method) treflan was recommended. Sunflower is resistant to it in doses of 6-12 kg / ha a.v. However, high doses are dangerous, as you recently dreamed in experiments, for subsequent crop rotation crops

After the application of autumn agro-meropritia (peeling stubble, application of 2,4-D), after about 12-14 days the field plowed

. 27 cm plow with skimmer.

In spring, when the soil was ripening, the field was harrowed in two tracks and a flutar was introduced at a dose of 2 l / ha (kg / ha) a.a. under pre-sowing cultivation (according to the proposed method instead of treflan according to the prototype).

The study of the interval of doses of flutar 1.2-2.1 l / ha (kg / ha) dv, was carried out by us on barley. The experiments showed insufficient suppression with doses of 1.2-1.6 l; ./ ha a.v. one of them. Doses 107-2 l / ha a.v. consumed them by 85-95% and did not negatively affect the subsequent millet in the crop rotation. This provides good cost-effectiveness of flutar and makes it unnecessary to use high doses (above 2 l / ha) on sunflower because of the danger of death of subsequent crops in the crop rotation.

We used two preparative forms of herbicides: a liquid one - with a tractor mounted sprayer with a water flow rate of 150 l / ha, granular one was sown in the soil with a disk sowing SN-16. In both cases, the flutar was embedded in the soil layer 0-8

cm.

The granular form is more effective against weeds than liquid. In arid zones, it is widely practiced to leave the stubble of the precursor on the field. Liquid

when applied, the preparation is partially retained by the stubble and quickly decomposes under the influence of the sun.

The granular flutar is not retained by plant residues, all enters the soil, which increases its technical effectiveness against weeds.

A significant difference between flutar and treflan consists in the absence of a negative consequence of the first on subsequent cultures sensitive to treflan, for example, millet. This makes it possible to use flutar herbicide for sowing sunflower seeds to increase zeo harvests; on the link of crop rotation: steam black-winter /

wheat - roar wheat - sunflower - millet.

Chemical weeding by flutar dramatically (by 89-95%) reduces the weediness of sunflower by young weeds, as a result of which its yield is increased in comparison with the analogue (control without herbicides) and prototype (treflan). Dale in the dry growing season of 1988 on ice with flutar in a dose of 2 l / ha (kg / ha) when both forms of the herbicide (liquid and granular) were applied, there were no residues of the preparation in the soil layer 0–20 cm (residues were determined before harvesting the sunflower). Trace amounts of flutar were found only at the beginning of the growing season, one month after the application of granular herbicides. The latter may be promising for application in autumn for sowing sunflower after plowing and without cultivation in the soil, especially on stubble in arid zones.

In general, the flutar, in comparison with treflan, provides greater environmental friendliness of the proposed technology for the cultivation of sunflower.

In comparison with the well-known analogue (treflan), the flutar in the crop rotation link showed high technical efficiency and increased the yield of not only sunflower, but also ensured an increase in grain harvests of subsequent millet, which is very sensitive to the optimal doses of treflan recommended for cultivation of sunflower.

The results of our experiments on the proposed method are presented in table 1.

.Triallate, the second component of flutar, has a narrow specificity for weeds in the arid zone and is recommended only for sowing cereals (barley, wheat) against wild oats. Experiments 1985-1987 The identification of optimal doses of triallate (analogue) in wheat crops showed that the greatest reduction in weediness was observed when 1.6 l / ha,, of herbicides was applied (Table 2). The increase in doses did not increase the yield of durum wheat grain, compared with a dose of 0.8 l / ha a.v. This is because the herbicide, suppressing only oatmeal, did not act on other weeds.

Comparing the results presented in Tables 1 and 3, it can be seen that treflan (prototype) is inferior to flutar on sunflower in terms of yield increase as the sunflower itself (C, 9 kg / ha versus 8.5-12.1 kg / ha), so and by the influence on the yield of the next crop - millet ..

-In our experiments, the use of treflan in a dose of 1.5 l / ha a.v. under sunflower in

on the other hand, the crop rotation link gave an increase of seeds against the background of fertilizers of 1.1 kg / ha, without fertilizers 0.1 kg / ha. As a consequence, millet grain yield increases were obtained against the background of fertilizers 5 0.2 t / ha, without them 0.1 t / ha. This is explained by the destructive effect of treflan on subsequent millet in the crop rotation, which is manifested primarily in a decrease in the density of millet stand per unit area.

0 In the Stavropol Territory, millet on deeds with the aftereffect of treflan perished in the seedling phase (according to V.V. Yarovenko et al. 1988).

The action and aftereffect of treflan in

5 dose 1.5 l / ha (kg / ha) on weediness and crop of sunflower and subsequent oats (average for A year).

In the proposed method of cultivating crops in the rotation link: steam black-winter-wheat-wheat-sunflower-millet, millet provided a yield increase on two backgrounds of fertilizers 8.5-12.1 centner / ha. The proposed method allows you to use more

5 with a wide range of crops in crop rotation units, including those that are sensitive to optimal doses of treflan, replacing it with known methods of cultivating an environmentally more acceptable one - flutter in liquid or granular form. Small doses of treflan mixed with triallate in the combined preparation of flutar quickly decompose, which allows it to be used in crop rotation units similar to the above. This will increase the collection of sunflower seeds when it

Claims (2)

1. The method is the cultivation of sunflower in the arid zone, including the sowing of sunflower in the crop rotation after grain 5 crops and application of herbicides, characterized in that, in order to increase yield, a mixture of 2,6-dinitro N.N-dipropyl-4-trifluoromethylaniline herbicides with 0 1H, M-diisopropyl 5- (2,3,3-trichloroallyl) thiocarbonate at a ratio of 1: 3 in a dose of 1.7-2.0 kg / ha, and sowing of sunflower is carried out in a crop rotation. cereals, sunflower, millet. 5 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of the herbicide to the soil is carried out under pre-sowing cultivation in a liquid seed or before and after sowing sunflower seeds in granular form.   T a b l i-c b 1 Effect and aftereffect of fluorine 2.0 l / ha (kg / ha) and treflan 1.5 l / ha a.a. on the weediness and yield of sunflower and the subsequent sunflower Continuation of table 1 table 2 The effect of triallate doses on oatmeal clogging and yield of flat wheat (average for 1986-1987). . That BlitzZ The action and aftereffect of treflan in a dose of 1.5 l / ha (kg / ha) for weediness and yield of sunflower and subsequent oats (average for 4 years)