SU16468A1 - Sowing machine for seed and sorting - Google Patents

Description

In the proposed apparatus for sowing and sorting, the uniform distribution of grain during sowing is carried out using scoops in the form of grooves curved in one or several turns to direct tubes into the cavity of a certain number of grains of their total quantity picked up when the disc is rotated from the pocket, straight and axially offset ends of the grooves; by means of a disk mounted on the trunnion trunnion of the seed box, communicated by a channel with a pocket and a wall with a side designed to block the outlet openings of the tubes until the moment corresponding to the lower position of the latter, premature loss of seeds from the tubes is eliminated when the disc is swung over the surface floor; removable elastic rings, designed to adjust the seeding density by blocking the non-working nests, at which the scoops are attached to the seed tubes installed on the disk. In the apparatus for installing the right-handed tubes on the disk, there are sockets formed by semi-cylindrical grooves stamped in the walls of the disc, and the tube tubes are bent at one end at a right angle, of different lengths and the receiving opening of the curved end is installed

towards the grain chamber against grain-fed grooved scoops fixed on the disk ring, and seeding density is achieved by overlapping the cavity of the seed tubes with swivel disks equipped with holes and for eliminating premature seed loss from the tubes, when the disk rolls across the surface of the floor, ett flap with spring to overlap the mouth of the tubes. For sorting, a drum equipped with loop-shaped curved scoops mounted on the discharge pipe of the fan is used to feed the grain mass into the air stream through the tube slit by separate grains, and the mass is fed into the drum cavity by a special pipe connecting the seed box with a fixed side chamber the drum. The outlet ends of the semiconductor tubes or scoops are made with an elongated cross-section, in order to arrange the long axis of the grains falling out of the apparatus perpendicular to the direction; -the blow of air In addition, the apparatus uses a protective shield to press it to the surface of the drum to block the outlet of the tubes, serves.

In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a sowing wheel; FIG. 2-

Side view of the sowing wheel, FIG. 3 is a fixed part with a vessel for grain with a detached side flap, front view; FIG. 4 is a section along line IV-VI of FIG. 3, FIG. 5-section along the line V-V of FIG. 3, FIG. A b-view of the fixed part with a vessel for grain in front; FIG. 7 - the lower part of the sowing wheel, assembled with a fixed part and assembled in a vertical section of the scoop body, FIG. 8 is a side view of FIG. 7 with the fixed part removed, FIG. 9 is a front view of the grain sorting machine; FIG. 10 is a portion of the wall of a grain vessel unrolled onto a plane; FIG. P-side view of FIG. 10, | FIG. 12-section of a lid overlapping the side opening of the grain vessel, FIG. 13 is a vertical section of a sowing wheel with a grain vessel (partially), FIG. 14 is a view of the mashine for blue from the side of the sowing wheel, partly in section along line 2-2 of FIG. 13 at the bottom left, FIG. 14 shows a device for drawing grooves with removed supports; FIG. 15 is a section along the periphery of the sowing wheel along line 3 - 3 of FIG. 13 and FIG. 16 is a section through the same line 4-4 of FIG. 13.

The sowing machine for spraying and sorting consists of a sowing disk 1 (Fig. 1-8) and a sorting machine (Fig. 9-12). The sowing disk 1 is mounted so that it can rotate on the trunnion 2 of the fixed part 3 and has on one side circumferentially arranged radial semi-cylindrical sockets 4 into which the seed-conducting tubes 5 can be inserted. The latter consist of a tubular part bent in a spiral or several turns 9, provided with a slit b running along the longitudinal axis, so that the seed tubes can spring and, due to their own tension, sit half-cylindrical sockets 4 and are provided against turning. From the upper end of the tubes 5, the scoops 7, which consist of smooth on the inner side and having the shape of grooves, protrude with the ends 8 displaced in the axial direction. Immediately before, the entrance of the scoop 7 and into the tube 5 - “Apr. at 9, the radius of curvature of the scoop decreases sharply and then passes into the straight end portion; the same as on

the sowing end, the scoop 7 is straight. The scooping end 8 of the scoop 7 is located somewhat displaced relative to the sowing end of the chute, so that the tube 5 does not interfere with grain digging. Above the remaining between nests 4 are removable elastic ring 13 (rubber, flat spiral springs), which are tightly flanked to each other, and also by their front and rear edges, to the side surfaces of the sowing disk 1 and to the sheet 10 that overlaps the sides of the nest4. At one end of the ring 13, they enter into the grooves of the sowing disk, so that these grooves and events The sheet 10, as an emphasis, keeps them still. According to the distance at which individual grains should be placed in the soil, scoops (scoop chutes) with tubes 5 are inserted into slots 4. In the illustrated form of embodiment, a scoop is inserted into every fourth nest 4. In this case, the seed tube 5 takes the rings 13 to the side and deforms them, so that all the other sockets 4 overlap with them. At the outer end of the sockets 4, the sowing disk is equipped with an annular groove 14, which, as described below, works in conjunction with a fixed flange 15 ( working surface of the sowing disc, which during operation explodes in the soil at a controlled depth).

The stationary part 3 of the seed hull has a seed box 16, beveled at 17, and a sowing disk passes in this bevel. Below and to the side of the bevel 17, the seed box tapers off at channel 18 and forms a vessel for grain, a narrow pocket located in the drawing (Figs. 4, 5, b, 7 and 1) to the right of the sowing disc. The wall 19 of the seed box or channel 18 at 20 is interrupted and continues only at 21, so that a free passage is formed from channel 18 to pocket 18. The drawing does not show the side flap, which closes the box and the channel for grain 18. This side flap is ukry Plots on the strap 22 of the box and extends to the wall 19, with the lower edge of the side flap bent so that it abuts on the line 23 to the wall 24 of the grain channel and overlaps the remaining opening between the edges 20, 21 and the pocket opening 18. Thus, a closed path is formed. for the grain from the seed box 16 through the grain channel 18 formed between the wall 24 and the side flap, which at the lower end is blocked by the edge 23 of the side flap, along which the grain goes through the hole 20-21 to the pocket 18. Below the axis of rotation on the fixed part A bead 25, which passes only in the region in which the grains are in the sockets of 4 or seed tubes 5. This bead 25 sits on the wall 26, which extends downward from pocket 18 and fits tightly to the sheet 10 fixed on the sowing disc. forms the bottom of the wall 24 grain vessels wherein the bead 25 enters the groove 14 of the sowing disc and thinns both in width and thickness from its highest point to the lowest located above the soil point, where the bead is provided with a horizontal bottom surface vertically below the axis of rotation 27 extending to the rear end of the bead, so that it protrudes slightly beyond the circumference of the sowing disc (dash-dotted line in FIG. 3).

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: after the grain channel 18 is filled, the sowing apparatus is placed with a flange 15 on the ground and moves in the direction of the arrow, so that the sowing wheel is set to rotate clockwise. At the same time, the end 8 of the scoops 7 scoops a known number of grains from the pocket 18, into which the grain entered through the hole left free between the edges 20, 21. During the further rotation of the sowing disk, the scooped grains slide down into the straight part of the scoops 7 and fall into the curvature . Here, usually the most anterior grain constrains, due to its force of gravity and friction, the movement of the following grains, which, due to the ever increasing tilt of the right side of the ends 8 of the scoops 7, fall and fall back into the pocket 18. A small number of grains will go further according to the rotation of the sowing disc slowly along the scoops. In view of the constantly decreasing radius of curvature of the helix, the next grains closer to the very first grain are steeper and steeper, so finally these grains fall off and usually only the most front grain remains in the scoops and finally gets into the five-conductor tube 5 or in the nest 4. Thus, during operation, after the first two turns of the sowing disk, two groups of grains move in each scoop, of which after each turn the front group decreases by one grain and this grain is dropped into the tube 5. The luminant nest 4 separate grains can not hit the ground, since the socket 4 at the lower end closed by a board 25, so the grain is diverted soweth m disk into the slot 4 along the bead 25 to the end. When the bead 25 releases the nest 4, the grain falls loosely near the lowest point of the sowing disc with a practically negligible low speed, and remains as a result, as well as due to a completely insignificant fall height (7-8 mm) lying in the soil. 27, the end of the bead 25 causes that those parts of the soil that are captured by the sowing disc due to adhesion remain stuck to the working surface and remain lying on the ground. Soil particles that are not For all of this, they fell into the ring groove 14 of the sowing disk and cannot cause the latter to be pinched in the stationary part because the free cross section of this ring groove, since it is blocked by a bolt 25, becomes larger in the direction of rotation of the sowing disk, and the bead is thinned. both in width and in thickness from its front upper to its rear lower end. Soil particles located in the annular groove in the event that they do not fall off earlier, are captured during rotation and are removed by the upper and front bead end here fills the entire cross section of the annular groove and is formed as a scraper. If, in spite of this, infinitesimal quantities of earth are nevertheless carried out under the upper end of the bead, then they cannot

cause jamming on your further path, as the bead gradually enters from the annular groove.

The scoops and tubes are replaceable, so that appropriate grains can be inserted, which in this case is sown. Instead of a two-way helix, a chol can be used as a scooping organ, which forms only a simple loop, however, in all these cases, it is necessary to take into account that the radius of curvature of the loop decreases from the scoop end to the sowing end, and it is especially advantageous that just before A sharp decrease in the radius of curvature took place by the transition of the chute to the direct part of the sowing end.

In order for particularly small grains to prevent the inadvertent falling of several grains into the sockets 4, tubes 5 can be retracted at the entry point of the sowing organ or scoops, so that the prematurely falling grains fall back into the grain channel. In addition, for individual varieties of grain it may be useful to lift up the side wall of the scoops 7 at the scoop end, so that the wall thus formed causes pre-placement of the grains immediately in the place of the scoop, i.e. that here all the grains are already established by their longitudinal axis in the direction of the scooping and guiding scoops. It must also be emphasized that, along with one single grain of each tube 5, any other predetermined number of grains can also be given; for this, it is only necessary to make a scoop-organ 7, with appropriately modified radii of curvature. The sowing disk 1 can be modified (Fig. 13) and is located on the pin 2, stationary, carrying the grain chamber 3, and the disk 1 consists of two essentially circular sheets 36 and 37, into which the radial semi-cylindrical walls 35 are pressed. Both sheets 36 and 37 are riveted with each other in the flat parts of the sheets that remain between the machines 35, so that the walls that are now facing each other form cylindrical nests 4 (Fig. 15), in which the semiconducting tubes 5 that belong to each sowing organ are inserted

the inner end is slightly curved so that their inner opening is located in the plane of the sowing disc sheet 37 facing the grain chamber. The walls 35 of sheets 36 and 37 are expanded to the circumference in the plane of the sheets (from 38 in Fig. 16), so that reinforcement rings 39 can be riveted to sheets 36 and 37. The casing sheet 37 facing the grain chamber has holes 40 arranged in three parallel circles , 41 and 42, in which the seed tubes 5 terminate at their ends.

The trunnion 2 of the grain chamber of part 3 is mounted on the bush (best of wood) 43 with a disk 44 carrying threaded pins 45 on which the sowing disk can be clamped by a nut 46. In addition to the sowing disk 1 or its sheet 37, the pins 45 also carry special support 47 for spiral scoops, where they have a ring 48 in which rotary disks 49, 50 and 51 are located, provided with holes 52, 53, 54. The size of holes 52, 53, 54 is calculated so that the relative displacement of the three overlapping disks relative to each other, each time only all or only about definiteness of the number of holes sowing tubes. Poit holes of the overlapping disk 51 in the wall of the scoop support are provided - the holes in which the inclined tubes are inserted .65, 56 and 57 and spiral scoops 7 adjoin the free ends of these tubes. The circumference of the disc-shaped support of the scoops of the troughs is provided with a bent flange 58, which is adjacent to the wall grain vessel 3. It is connected directly to pin 2 and carries on its upper side a filling funnel 16, which is 17 above the sowing disk and beveled.

The trunnion 2 catches the shoulder 59 passing through the grain chamber, which extends outside and carries the hauling hook 60. To the part of the shoulder 59 that is located outside the grain chamber 3, the knife 61 is attached, which goes down along the circumference of the sowing disk. On the side (back) of the knife facing the circumference of the sowing disc is reinforced bead 25, which extends only along

of the circumference of the sowing disc in which the grains are in the separator tubes 5. Inside the bead 25, a guide shield 62 is installed, which extends along the same area as the bead 25 and is pressed by the springs 63 to the holes of the semi-conductive tubes {Fig. 13 and 14),

Located outside the walls 36 of the sowing disc are provided in places with an anti-axle stud 45, with holes 64 in order to be able to tighten the nuts on the trunnions 45. At the walls 65, the sheets 36 and 37 also have holes that serve to allow installation during operation. overlapping shields. h

-Work is performed as follows. After the grain chamber 3 was filled and, by means of overlapping plates, the proper distance of sowing was established, the sowing element was pulled along the ground in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 14), penetrating into the soil. Scoops scoop the grains from the grain chamber and feed the individual grains after dropping the rest into tubes 55, 56 and 57. In these tubes, the individual grains slide under the influence of their Gravity with a high speed downward and unhindered due to the special holes in the overlap shields in seed tubes. In them, the grains now slide down, but cannot fall out after the toso, as the tubes at their outer end are blocked by a non-flap 62 and upon reaching the lowest point, i.e. after the tubes slide off the guide plate, the grain falls freely into a recess in the soil.

The sorting machine (figs. 9-12) consists of a drum 1, which is installed in its frame 2 with loop-shaped curved scoops, and the drum is also installed on the discharge pipe 13 of the fan 4, in order to supply the grain mass to the jet air through the pipe slot 12 with 3 separate grains, for supplying what; into the cavity of the drum TfJyba 18 is intended, connecting the seed box 16 with the side fixed chamber 13 of the drum.

Throughout the entire surface of the drum 1, holes 6 are provided in the drum wall, into which the lower end of the annularly made guide scoops 7 enters, with the beginning of the guide trough, i.e. scooping end 8, slightly bent out of the plane of the loop. The outlet ends 9 of the semiconductor tubes or scoops are made with an elongated cross-section, in order to arrange the long axis of the grains falling out of the apparatus perpendicular to the direction of the air stream (Fig. 11). The right side of the circumference of the drum is fixed with a safety guard 10 fixed to the frame, adjacent to the drum, for pressing it to the drum surface, in order to block the convex holes of the tubes 7, the spring 11 serves. In the fixed chamber 13 there are filling slots 14 and a spring overlapping sheet 15. Grains continuously are introduced from the filling funnel 17 of the seed box 16 by means of filling tubes 18 through the filling slots 14 into the inside of the drum. The drum is now rotated clockwise, at which the scooping ends of the guides and leading scoops 7 take the grains in separate rows from the grain stock, pre-place them and, during one turn of the drum, drop all the excess grains in such a way that one grain falls from buckets in the corresponding hole 6 on the circumference of the drum. Oblong grains due to the cross section of the hole b should be installed at its lower end perpendicular to its air flow in the discharge pipe 3. When the hole 6 containing grain leaves the safety shield 10 and is positioned against the slot 12 of the pipe 3, the grain falls freely down and enters the airflow produced by the fan 4. Depending on the specific gravity of the grain, it is now deflected by the air flow into one of the boxes 5 and thus sorted. With this, it is essential that the grain enters the air flow with a horizontal longitudinal axis perpendicular to it.

as in any other position, the grain is tilted and thus exposed to uncontrolled and inaccurate deflection by air flow.

The subject of the patent.

1. A height-up 1: {apparatus for sowing and sorting using scoops mounted on a rotating disk or drum, characterized in that the scoops 7 attached to the seed-conduit 5 installed on the disc 1 are in the form of grooves bent in a spiral into one or several turns 9 for the purpose of directing into the cavity of the tubes 5 only a certain number of grains held by the turn of the total number captured by the rotation of the disk 1 from the pocket 18 are straight, axially mixed ends 8 of the grooves 7 (Fig. 1. 2 and 7).

2. The form of execution of the apparatus specified in p. 1, applying it to the sprouts, characterized in that the carrier-carrying disk 1 is mounted on the trunnion 2 of the casing 3, equipped with seed box 16 communicated by channel 18 with pocket 18 and wall 26 with a side 25, designed to block the outlet openings of the tubes 5 until the moment corresponding to the lower position of the latter, in order to eliminate the premature loss of seeds from the tubes when the disc 1 is swung by a flange 15 on the floor surface (Fig. 3-7).

3. The form of execution of the apparatus specified in p. 2, characterized by using removable elastic rings 13, designed to cover the non-working nests 4, in order to control the seeding density (Fig. 7).

4. The change indicated in p. 2 and 3 of the apparatus, characterized in that for mounting on the disk 1 of the seed tubes 3 there are slots 4 formed by semi-cylindrical recesses stamped into the walls 35, 36 of the disc and tubes. 5, bent at one end at a right angle, made of different lengths and mounted by the receiving opening of the curved end towards the grain chamber 3, against the grain-supplying grooved scoops 70 mounted on the ring 48 of the disk 1, in order to control the thickness of the seeding by overlapping the cavity of the semiconducting tubes rotary disks 49, 50 and 51, provided with holes 52, 53 and 54 (Figures 13 - 16).

5. When using the apparatus 62, specified in p. 4, intended to block the mouth of the tubes 5 under the action of springs 63 in order to eliminate premature falling out of the tubes when the disc 1 rolls over the floor surface (Fig. 14) 1,

6. The form of implementation of the apparatus specified in paragraph 1, as applied to sorting, characterized in that the drum 1 provided with loop-like curved scoops is installed on the discharge pipe 3 of the fan 4 in order to supply the grain mass to the air stream through the slot 12 of pipe 3 individual grains, in order to supply any mass into the cavity of the drum 1, is intended to be coarse. 18, connecting the seed box 16 to the side fixed camera 13 of the drum (Figures 9 and 12).

7. The form of execution of the device specified in p. 6, characterized in that the discharge ends of 9 seed tubes or scoops are made with an elongated cross section in order to arrange the long axis of the grains falling out of the apparatus perpendicular to the direction of the air stream (Fig. 11) .

8. When specified in clauses. 6 and 7, the device uses a safety shield 10, for pressing which to the surface of the drum, in order to block the outlet openings of the tubes 7, the spring 1G serves (Fig. 9).

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