SU1587626A1 - Device for discrete delays of pulse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in devices for variable pulse delays and in devices for discrete synthesis of time intervals. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the device by eliminating a set of phase-shifting elements from the device and reducing the number of outputs of the pulse generator, as well as by introducing new connections. The device includes a terminal 1, a control unit 2, a highly stable microwave generator 15, a pulse generator 16, a synchronizer 26, an output pulse shaping unit 31, an additional pulse generator 37, a selector 42, an additional pulse generator 49 similar in structure to the generator 37 and input 50 and output 51 terminals. The description of the operation of the device provides examples of the implementation of incoming blocks. From the outputs of the synchronizer 26 is highly stable, the microwave signal goes to the pulse generators 16, 37 and 49. The input pulse is applied to terminal 50 and starts the generator 16. Through a fixed number of periods, the signal from the control unit 2 changes the duration of the generator 16 and simultaneously its pulse through the selector 42, it starts the generators 37 and 49. The pulse sequences of the generators 16, 37 and 49 are fed to the inputs of the output pulse formation unit 31. The technical efficiency of the proposed device is determined by the fact that the exclusion of phase-shifting elements from its structure and a decrease in the number of outputs of the pulse generator leads to a reduction in size, cost, and also to simplify the configuration of the device.

Description

one

(21) 4499551 / 24-21

(22) 09/26/88

(46) 08.23.90. Bul K 31

(71) Research Institute of sheltered physical loblems im.AN.Sepchepko

(72) V.V. Kondratyuk, E.V. Belogortsep, V.M. Lutkovsky and V.I. Skomoroshchenko

(53) 621.374.5 (088.8).

(56) The copyright certificate of the GSSN f 1008893, cl. H 03 K 5/153, 1983.

USSR author's certificate fP 1330740, cl. II 03 K 5/153, 1985.

(54) DEVICE DISCRETE BULLS) 1 {EK GOSHULS

(57) The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in variable delay devices.

pulses and in the disk1 devices — this synthesis of the intervals of the i.le error. l invention - simplification will suit -I l by HCKjnoMeiuiH from the composition of the ycrpfifici - va set of Lazosdvishchisch element; i; reducing the number of outputs of 1 mpc-lm: - generator, and takhke due to the introduction of new connections. The device includes terminal 1, control unit 2, highly stable microwave generator 15, pulse generator 16, synchronizer 26, output pulse shaping unit 31, and an additional HbDi pulse generator. 37, a selector 42, an additional generator 49, similar in structure to the generator 37, and an input 50 and an output 51 terminals. The description of the operation of the device provides examples of the implementation of incoming blocks. S Vpchodov SYNHLS

sd

00

O5 N9

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The 26 high-stability microwave signal is sent to the pulse generators: 16, 37 and 49. The input pulse | is sent to terminal 50 and starts the generator-16. After a fixed number of periods the signal from control unit 2 changes the duration of the period of the generator 16 and at the same time its pulse through the selector 42 starts the generators 37 and 49. The pulse sequences of the generators 16,

The invention relates to a pulse technique and can be used in variable pulse delay devices and in discrete interval time devices. ; The purpose of the invention is to embed the device by eliminating the set of phase-shifting elements and the fourth output of the pulse generator from the device, as well as by introducing new connections.

I In Fig. 1, a functional 1-chip discrete delay device is shown; 2 and 3 are timing charts of its operation.

The device of discrete delays of the pulse contains terminal 1, control unit 2, which consists, for example, of elements OR 3 and 4, inverter 5, counter 6 with preset, AND 7, inverter 8, counter 9 with preset, AND 10, the element OR 1 1 and the terminals 12-14, the highly stable microwave generator 15, the pulse generator 16, which includes the threshold element 17, made using the tunnel diode 18, the resistor 19 and the variable resistor 20, the splitting element IL1 21, the element And 22 pulse shaper 23, lement delay 24 and demultiplexer 25, the device also comprises a synchronizer 26 that includes, for example, Koldewey power divider 27 and identical U-bands} propuskayuschme filters 28-30, unit 31 generating an output pulse which is formed, e.g., using an element

OR 32, delay element 33, elements AND 34 and 35, and a pulse former 36, an additional pulse generator 37, which consists of

37 and 49 are fed to the inputs of the output pulse formation unit 31. Technical effect of the proposed

my device is determined by

that the exclusion of phase-shifting elements from its structure and a decrease in the number of outputs of the pulse generator leads to a reduction in size, cost, and also to simplify device setup. 2 hp Fx ,, 3 ill.

0 5

ABOUT

THX

0

five

horn element J, similar in structure to element 17, element AND 39, delay element 40 and pulse generator 41, selector 42, which consists, for example, of elements 43-45, driver 46, RS flip-flop 47 and unidirectional valve 48, made , for example, on the basis of a pulse diode, an additional pulse generator 49, similar in structure to the generator 37, input 50 and output 51 terminals 1.1.

Terminal 1 is connected to the first input of the OR 3 element, which is the first input of the block -2, and simultaneously with the input of the unidirectional valve 48, into the installation input of the selector 42. And for the first time, the inputs of the OR 3 and 4 elements are combined. The second input of the OR 3 element is the second input of the block 2, connected to the output terminal 51 and simultaneously to the second input of the OR element 4. The outputs of the elet 1t OR 3 and 4 are connected to the clock inputs of the counters 6 and 9, respectively, the boot enable inputs of which are combined and connected to the output of the element OR 11, the first input of which is connected to terminal 12, and the second input to the output of counter 6, where the input of the inverter 5 is also connected, the output of which is the first output of control unit 2 and connected to the first input of the element 7, output which is connected to the clock input of the counter 6, and the second input is combined with the second input of the And 10 element and is the third input of the block 2. The output of the And 10 element is connected to the clock input of the counter 9, the output of which is connected to the input of the inverter 8, the output of which is connected to the first input of the element And 10. Kpemmy 13 and 14 are connected with vkho20

The codes for setting the counters, respectively, of counters 6 and 9. The outputs of counters 6 and 9 are respectively the second and third outputs of control unit 2. The terminal 50 is connected to the first input of the generator 16 by the first input of the NS 21, the second input of which is connected to the output of the threshold element 17, and the third input is connected to the first output of the demultiplexer 25, which is the first output of the generator 16. The output of the IlTDi 21 is connected to the first input element 22, the second input of which is the second input of the generator 16 and is connected to the first output of block 2, and the output is the second output of the generator 16 and is connected to the third input of block 2 and to the input of the former 23, the output of which 24 delays are connected to the input of the demultiplexer 25 and the third output of the generator 16, which is connected to the first input of the selector 42, formed by the combined first 25 inputs of the AND 43-45 elements. The address of the demultiplexer 25, which is the third input of the generator 16, is connected to the third output of block 2 The KOTopbril is also connected to the input of the driver 46, which is the second input of the selector 42. The second output of the demultiplexer 25 is connected to the input of the threshold element 17, which through a resistor 19 is connected to the emitter of the tunnel diode 18, where By connecting the fourth input of the generator 16, the output of the threshold element 17 and the first pole alternating torus 20, the second pole of which is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, whose negative pole is connected to the base of the tunnel diode 18. The output of the threshold element 38 soe10

the input of the generator 49, the third input of which is the emitter of the tunnel diode of the corresponding threshold element. The output of the microwave generator 1 is connected to the power supply from the raonizer 26 to the input of a ring power ring 27, the outputs of which are connected through the corresponding but-through Lilters 28-30 with synchronizer cables 26, which in turn are connected to the fourth input of the generator and the third The inputs are additional, 5 rators 37 and 49. The output of the form 46 is connected to the S-input of a trigger 4 whose R-input is connected to the output of a unidirectional valve 48 and, at the same time, to the output of the And 44 element, the second input of which is combined with the second input of the And 43 elements and 45 subkey The first inputs of the And 34 elements and combined, form the first input 31, which is connected to the second output of the block 2. The second input of the And 35 element is the second input of the block and is connected to the first output of the generator 16. The second input of the element And 3 30 is connected through the element 33 of the delay to the output of the element IfJIII 32, the inputs of which are the main inputs of the block 31 and connected to the outputs of the delay elements corresponding to the generator 16, 37 and 49. The outputs of the elements 34 34 are combined and connected to the input shaper 36, the output of which is the output of block 3 1 and connect to terminal 51.

Elements 24, 33 and 40 can be made, for example, on the basis of an agreed delay line.

The ring divider 27 power and performed, for example, connected

35

40

 v-i- wt; - .jj. (j ticiii JtiM i) in bound

dinen with shaper inlet 41, line output x 28-30 filters from central

which is connected via a delay element 40 to an output of a generator 37 and to a first input of an element II 39, the second input of which is the first input of a generator 37, is combined with a similar input of a generator 49 and connected to the first output of a unit 2, the output of an element H 39 is connected to an input of a threshold element 38, which is the second input of the generator 37, where the output of the element AND 43, which is the first output of the selector 42, is connected, the second output of which is the output of the element And 45, connected to the second

50

55

frequency equal to the frequency of the microwave signal and the minimum possible bandwidth can be implemented in the form of strip devices.

At the output of the formers 23, 36, 41, and 46, a pulse with a standard duration and amplitude is generated when a positive signal is detected at the input.

Elements 6 and 9 can be performed, for example, according to the scheme counter with pre-installation. The output of each of the counters is the carry output.

20

. 25

ten

generator 49, the third input of which is the emitter of the tunnel diode of the corresponding threshold element. The output of the microwave generator 15 is connected to the South African side by the input of the synchronizer 26 to the input of the annular power divider 27, the outputs of which are connected through the corresponding band-passable Lilters 28-30 with the outputs of the synchronizer 26, which in turn are connected to the fourth input of the generator 16 and the third inputs of the additional generators, 5 rators 37 and 49. The output of driver 46 is connected to the S input of the trigger 47, the R input of which is connected to the output of the unidirectional valve 48 and simultaneously to the output of the element I 44, the second input of which With the second inputs of the elements 43 and 45 and connected to the forward output of the trigger 47. The first inputs of the elements 34 and 35 are combined to form the first input of the block 31, which is connected to the second output of the block 2. The second input of the element 35 is the second. the input of the unit 31 and the connection to the first output of the generator 16. The second input of the And element 34 30 is connected via a delay element 33 to the output of the IfJIII element 32, whose inputs are the main inputs of the block 31 and connected to the outputs of the delay elements of the respective generators 16, 37 and 49. The outputs of the elements And 34 and 35 are combined and p dklyucheny to entry shaper 36 whose output is the output of block 31 and is connected to terminal 51.

Elements 24, 33 and 40 can be performed, for example, on the basis of an agreed delay line.

The annular divider 27 power and performed, for example, on the associated

five

0

- .jj. (j ticiii JtiM i)

 Line filters 28-30 with central

 Line filters 28-30 with central

0

five

frequency equal to the frequency of the microwave signal, and the minimum possible bandwidth can be implemented in the form of strip devices.

At the output of the formers 23, 36, 41, and 46, a pulse with a standard duration and amplitude is generated when a positive signal is detected at the input.

Elements 6 and 9 can be performed, for example, according to the scheme counter with pre-installation. The output of each of the counters is the carry output.

The device uses shaping threshold elements on tunnel diodes with one stable supply.

The functional purpose of the synchronizer 26 is reduced to a uniform one; distributed according to the power of the microwave signal between its outputs, ensuring the necessary isolation. ; Functional diagrams of blocks 2, | 26, 31 and 42 are not uniquely | Possible to implement the functions performed by them and can be performed according to other known schemes. I The device works as follows.

 When the device is turned on, the control logic is brought to the initial state by a polypulse pulse, which is fed from terminal 1 to the first input of unit 2 with prefixing of a logical unit signal at terminal 12. According to this impulse, the codes of numbers supplied correspondingly to 14 and 13, for example, from a computer, are recorded in counters 19 and 6, after which the logical signal from terminal 12 is removed. N numbers

and N are selected from the set (1,2, .., Zg -1) and (1,2, ..., ZJ-1), respectively. The symbols Z and ZQ designate the recalculation coefficients of counters 6 and 9. I As a result of writing numbers N and at the outputs of counters 6 and 9, it fixes | with logical O, which is fed iftia inverters 5 and 8, to the address input: demultiplexer 25, as well as to the corresponding inputs of the elements 34 and 35. From the output of the inverter 5, the signal of logical 1 is fed to the first input of the element 7 and the second inputs of the elements of 22 and 39 and to the first input of the heater 49.

arrives at the first entrance

element and 10.

The impulse from terminal 1 is also fed to the installation input of the selector 42 and further through the valve 48 to the R input of the trigger 47, at the forward output of which a logical O is detected, to which Topbtfi a second input of the And 43-45 elements is supplied.

In the initial state, the oscillators 16, 37 and 49 are in the standby mode, and a sinusoidal microwave signal is applied to the synchronization input of each and they, which performs an in-phase sinusoidal modulation with ne

The period (.. and the amplitude L of the threshold levels of the tunnel diodes. The initial threshold levels are E, and are set using variable resistors so that in the absence of microwave modulation and provided that the output pulse simultaneously arrives at the inputs of all threshold elements, the switching moment tunnel diode of each subsequent generator 16, 37 and 49 was delayed relative to the previous one at time, N, where N is the number of generators, which is equal to 3 for the device in figure 1. For example, if the impulses arriving at the-threshold elements have the front of the duration, and amplitude A, then the levels E.J, E7 and are chosen equidistant, and

E a-7 E 1 / -E 57-L with E

 37

sixteen

and

five

0

five

0

At the moment a positive pulse arrives at terminal 50 (FIG. 2a), which needs to be delayed for a period of seconds, a positive polarity pulse is circulated in the closed feedback loop of the generator 16 formed by elements 21-25. The value of the circulation cycle T is equal to nTs, where n is an integer, and is selected when plotting the device using a delay element 24.

The pulses from the output of the element And 22 arrive at the third input of block 2 and further through the elements And 7 and 10 to the clock input of the counter, respectively, 6 (fig.2h) and 9 (fig.2d). Counter 9, at the counting of the Pth pulse, reaches state Z.g and 1 appears at its output, resulting in a signal O

logical U from the output of the inverter 8 (Fig.2g) blocks the element And 10, and consequently, the input of the counter 9. The signal from the output of the counter 9 switches the demultiplexer 25. The positive differential signal. on the second input of the selector 42, the former 46 performs a positive impulse translates trigger 47 into a single state. The level of the signal at the second inputs of the elements And 43-45 becomes equal to the unit.

As a result of switching the demultiplexer 25, the pulse with the order

the number P from the output of the delay element 24 is fed to the second output of the demultiplexer 25 and then to the input

of the forming threshold element 17. From now on, the pulse is circulated in the generator 16 through a closed feedback loop formed by the elements 17, 21-25. The circulation period T, becomes equal to T T -M, where TC. The period change on the value of L is achieved due to the delay in the operation of the tunnel diode 18 within the duration of the pulse front coming from the second output of the demultiplexer 2

The impulse with sequence number P comes from the output of delay element 2A to the first input of the selector 42 and through the elements I 43 and 45 to its outputs, and through the element I 44 to the R-input of the trigger 47, fixing the logical O on its output. This leads to blocking the elements And 43 and 45 for further pulses arriving at the first input of the selector 42.

As a result of the trigger pulse from the output of the selector 42 to the input of the element 38, a positive pulse begins to circulate in the closed feedback loop of the generator 37 formed by the elements 38-41. The period T p of the circulation is selected using element 40, the delay of which is reduced compared with element 24 by an amount.

Generator 49 with circulation period T | works the same way. The pulse delay corresponding element of the generator 49 is less in comparison with the element 40 by the value of L.

The interaction of the pulse circulating in the closed loop of each of the generators 16, 37 and 49 with the microwave signal at the threshold of the corresponding tunnel diode leads to the effect of the synchronization of the pulse generators with an external microwave signal. As a result, the pulse of each of the generators 16, 37, and 49 is rigidly coupled to the corresponding synchronization phase. The pulses arriving at each circulation cycle from the outputs of the generators 16, 37 and 49 (FIGS. 2B, 3, and) to the main inputs of block 31 are shifted relative to each other by an amount of 2 gG / S. Since the pulse duration (4 not) at each of the inputs of the element OR 32 exceeds several times the period Tc of the microwave signal (T 1 not),. then these pulses overlap in time. At the output of the element SD1 32, on each step, the compasses are 1587626

ten

ten

15

0

five

0

for the duration of the impulse (the result of the imposition of input pulses), the front of which is ahead of the center of the pack of input pulses by a fixed amount equal to the device under consideration Tr. Compensation of this advance is carried out when the pulse 33 of the delay element passes.

After switching the demultiplexer 25, the counting of pulses at the output of the element And 22 continues in the counter 6. When their number reaches the value. The P state of counter 6 becomes equal to Z and at its output appears

1 (Fig. 2k), which is fed to the control input of the block 31 and through element 1 of the software 11 to the input of the download resolution of counters 6 and 9, the signal from the output of the inverter 5 (figure 2e) blocks the And 7 element, as well as elements 22, 39 and generator 49, which leads to the breakdown of oscillations.

At the next, after unblocking, the element 34 arriving at its signal input of the pulse from the output of element 33, the latter passes to the input of the imaging unit 36 and at its output a pulse is generated which arrives at the output terminal 51 (FIG. 2L) and is a pulse delayed relative to the input one time of

5 where C,

5 V fT (P, -1) + T (+ f)

/ 5 (n + 1) ()}, P, Z -N „Р,

 V m

 .

40

Formula (1) is valid for 7-Pi-1- At P 1, the pulse at the output of block 31 is selected from the pulses that go to the second input of this block from the first output of demultiplexer 25 (Fig. 26) and

R

(2)

The impulse from the output of the block 31 is also fed to the second input of block 2 and through the elements of IL 3 and 4 to the clock inputs of counters 6 and 9. The codes of numbers N and N, which are connected to the terminals 13 and 14, are recorded. As a result, control unit 2 is reset, and signals from its outputs reset all elements of the device.

 158

Upon receipt of the next impulse on KHGNMy 50, it is delayed by time t, which is related to the numbers N and N by formulas (1) and (2). .

There are limitations on the range of possible delays. Delays with 4 (nj + k),, 1, ..., (n-2), k- (j + 1), fp-i) are not implemented by this IjoftcTBOM device. This leads to the limitation of the lower limit of the range of delays, within which any delay with a discreteness can be ensured.

 the size of

I (-1) I Limit on the side of the upper Pranic of the range of delays defined | First of all, the instability of the frequency of the microwave signal, which as a result of the cinixpoiinsauini effect, determines the instability of the frequency of the impulse generators. So, with the relative instability of the frequency of the microwave signal (during the irrigation time of 1 s) and / 1 -1 HC, the upper limit

it /

} mlks range of delays lies

4 areas 1c.

 Connection en zi

// t

 - -J- MWH

(Y,)

MOIKC CO is notable. with tanks

..g.

Counters 6 and 9 are given by the formulas (%).,;. (n-1) (7 ,, - 2);

MWW

(CJ

- M "ks

Z (n + 1) (Z., - 1).

When set to llyks

 HMESSO) ,,,

mmks

where fl is a positive integer, the values of P, and formula (1) are as follows:

P, n,, with, n (n-1); at

In the rest: cases

PI-Z; +: i, i, l + j,, i, 2, ..

(n-1).

first integer in row

where Z j. numbers obtained by recurrent

formula

0

five

0

Further, but the formulas N 7 -P m - -R

and 1 /. 5 1, H 2, and 2 are N. and N ,. which are necessary

N, 14.

write to counters 9 and 6, respectively, to obtain a pulse delay for the time tl.

From the description of the operation of the device, it follows that P, the pulse of the generator 16 is fed to the input of the element 17 simultaneously with the starting pulses to the inputs of the threshold elements of the generators 37 and 49. Since the base of these pulses is random in response to the microwave signal phase, this leads to pulse delays at the output of the device, caused by the fluctuation of the length of time interval (Fig. 2), which is formed from the pulse sequence at the output of one of the generators 16, 37 or 49, operating in the synchronization mode,. In FIG. 3, “I” (FIG. 3a) denotes the synchronization phase of the generator 16, which is realized when element 17 triggers the pulse P., in

0 within period L, i.e. when

the pulse front crosses the modulated level of the 1st threshold within these limits. Figures 2 and 3 ira of FIG. 3b (4 and 5 of FIG. 3b) indicate the synchronization phases of the generator 37 (generator 49), which are realized when element 38 (threshold-element generator 49) triggers from the trigger pulse within the period and В С ( AZ 3 and B C e), respectively.

It follows from the diagram in FIG. 3 that when the beginning of pulse P is combined with region I, the triggering of the threshold elements of the generators 16, 37 and 49 takes place within periods A B,

A, B J and respectively. As a result, the synchronization phases for all three generators coincide (phases 1, 2 and 4) and the triggering of the threshold elements

Q on the subsequent cycles of circulation occurs in phase. However, due to the difference in delays of the elements 24 and 40, the output pulse of the generator 16 will be delayed by time / 1 relative to the output pulse of generator 37, which, in turn, will lag behind time L from the pulse at the output of generator 49. Therefore, the output pulse The generator 37, having in relation to the triggering uncertainty equal to TC / 6, will be in the center of a pack of three pulses, counted by the outputs of the generators 16, 37 and 49 at each circulation cycle.

Similarly, it can be shown that when the beginning of the P-th pulse coincides with region II (region III), the pulse of generator 16 (generator A9) is connected in synchronization mode with synchronization phase 1 (phase 5 of synchronization), has uncertainty T / 6 and is in the center packs of three pulses, counted on the outputs of the generators 16, 37 and 49 at a clock rate of circ. The diagram in FIG. 2 corresponds to the case where the pulse is aligned with area III.

Consequently, the pulse with the impermeability at the input of the element OR 32 is always aligned with the center of the pack of three pulses coming from the generators 16, 37 and 49 at a random circulating stroke. The front of the pulse at the output of the element OR 32 is ahead of the front of the central pulse of the packet by a fixed time, which is compensated by the on-passing of the delay element 33. This makes it possible to combine in time the output impulse of the device with the center of the stack. As a result, the delay uncertainty is. Thus, at a microwave signal frequency of 1 GHz, the delay uncertainty is 166 ps. -35

An example of a specific implementation of discrete pulse delay device is considered for the case of using three pulse generators. A variant with an arbitrary number N of pulsed generators is easily realized by analogy.

In this case, the moment of switching of the tunnel diode of each subsequent generator is delayed by J T / N, rem passage of the element 33 of the device

40

45

is equal to (- | :: 1) t, and the imprecision of the pulse delay is .50

The technical efficiency of the proposed device is determined by the exclusion of phase-mapping elements from its structure, the reduction in the number of outputs of the pulse generator leads to a reduction in the overall dimensions of the equipment, as well as to simplify the design of the device.

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Claims (2)

1. A discrete pulse delay device containing a pulse generator, a set of identical additional pulse generators, a microwave generator, a synchronizer control unit, a selector, and an output pulse shaping unit, the device input being the first input of the pulse generator, the second input which is combined with the first inputs of the additional pulse generators and the first output of the control unit, the second output of which is connected to the first input of the output pulse shaping unit, and the third in the stroke is connected to the second input of the selector and the third input of the pulse generator, the fourth input of which is connected to the corresponding output of the synchronizer, whose input is connected to the output of the microwave generator, the first, second and third outputs of the pulse generator connected respectively to the second input of the output pulse shaping unit, the third input of the control unit and the first input of the DU selector, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding second inputs of the additional pulse generators, and its installation input 11 is the key The first input of the control unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the output pulse shaping unit, which is the output of the device, and the outputs of the additional pulse generators are connected to the corresponding main inputs of the output pulse shaping unit, in order to simplify the device, the third inputs are additional pulse generators are connected to the corresponding outputs of the synchronizer, and the third output of the pulse generator is connected to the corresponding main input of the form unit output pulse. 2. The device according to claim 1, of which is that the first output of the pulse generator is the first input of the element Iimi, the second input of which is connected to the output of the threshold element — the first pole of the tunnel diode, which is connected via the fixed resistor to the input threshold element, and through variable resis // - / J d e J 1 l2 and. 2 2-2 but 6 / J-g pulse Amplifier  2 Zopusnayustsd ig.5