SU1584821A1 - Complex for growing mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of mushrooms. The purpose of the invention is to improve industrial hygiene through the use of waste-free technology. The Mushrooms complex for growing mushrooms includes a substrate preparation unit and pressurized sectional chambers in which substrate boxes, an air conditioning system, air ducts, a substrate transport mechanism, as well as a pan washing and drying-disinfection chamber are located. The technological process goes as follows: the preparation of the substrate, and the resulting gases flow into the bubbler

loading into sectional chambers, where mycelium germination and fruiting occur. Released trays, floors and drawers enter the washing chamber, then into the drying-disinfection chamber. 2 hp f-ly, 12 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of mushrooms.

The purpose of the invention is to improve industrial sanitation by applying waste-free technology.

On league. 1 shows a plan for the placement of technological equipment included in the Veshenkary complex, top view (left side); in fig. 2 - the same, side view (right side); in fig. 3 - standard box; in fig. four,. 5 - shelf; on league. 6, 7 - pallet; in fig. 8 - tunnel sectional camera; in fig. 9 - a chamber for washing floors, pallets and standard drawers; in fig. 10 - a chamber for disinfection, drying of storeyards, pallets and standard boxes; in fig. 11 is a device for loading standard boxes and a stacker; in fig. 12 - device for unloading boxes from the substrate.

The Verhenkarii complex for growing mushrooms consists of standard boxes 1 (Fig. 3), made of plastic or light metal (the surface of the walls and the bottom have holes, and the end walls of the boxes are removable), floor planners 2 (Lig. 4 and 5), made of light metal having

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slides 3 (guides for drivers 1) and axes 4 for their movement, pallets 5 (fig. 6 and 7), made of light metal or plastic, having rigid bases (platform) 6, to which cables (braces) are attached 7 with the axes 8 for moving the pallet 5 horizontally or vertically, the shaft chamber 9 (Fig. 11) for filling the markers 2 with boxes 1 filled with substrate, using the device (Fig. 11) consisting of the conveyor 10 for feeding boxes 1, mechanical pusher 11 with a bar Iupora 12 on the hinge, sectional chamber 13 of the tunnel type (Fig. 8), which and is fenced with longitudinal walls 14. The chamber is made of reinforced concrete structures, and in the upper part there are frames 15 that form loading hatches with recesses 16 along the perimeter, where protrusions of the cover 17 enter to form a water seal. Angular guides 18 are mounted on the walls of solid-type sectional chambers 13 for lowering or raising the pallet 5 with floors 2 filled with standard boxes 1 and side guides 19 for feeding the balancing hook of the lifting device to the axes of the pallet, as well as electric luminaires 20 are mounted. At the bottom of the sectional chambers 13, the ducts 21 of the supply and exhaust ventilation of the conditioned air are placed along its length; in the upper part of the loading hatch of the sectional chamber 13, opening safety seats are installed 22. The composition of ki input device T also hoistway chamber 23 (Lig. 12) for unloading crates from the substrate (exhaust) device 24 for unloading crates from the substrate (waste)

34 for feeding and spraying cleaning fluid rotating lattice

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vibration platform 35 for washing the pallet 5 on it with floors 2 and pins 1, 36 drive with protective cover 37, sewage collection scraper type cleaner 39 with a drive for collecting residual substrate, chamber 40 (Fig. 10) for disinfection or Drying pallets 5, floors 2 and box 1, consisting of a removable cover 41 with a water seal, seals 42, a liquid sealing fluid 43, such as water, guides 44 for lowering and lifting pallets 5 with floors and boxes, guides 45 for gripping the lifting mechanism of the crane beam, thrust platform 46 with openings on its surface, rings 47 with openings for steam or dry air, collection 48 for condensed water, ventilation ducts 49, boiler 50 for utilization of gas passages, such as ammonia, at the substrate Lermetium, fermenter 51, cb6cTpaTa concrete tray 52 for locking to the components, metal donor 53 for the finished substrate, containers for storing chemical fertilizers, p spring crane loader 55 with grab electric loaders 56, commodity scales 57, belt conveyor 58, bunker 5 straw chopper 60 guide tray 61, elevator 62 feed after fermentation of the substrate, elevator 63 of the substrate after Fermentation 63, device 64 for packaging the substrate, commodity scales 65, table-workstations 66 mater, racks 67 for packaging the substrate, commodity scales 68, workbench 69, scale 70 dl and roumenta , screw-cutting lathe 71, drilling machine 72, welding --- t - - - - and. - l.- - s. j-fljV-U4 i- iJ J-G v i, JJ JJ Iv i-TL - ti t V. V.I. (f -13 a J ×

consisting of a pallet 25 for an automatic machine 73, an air conditioner 74, am

substrate, elevator 26 for feeding the substrate (spent) and hopper 27, chamber 28 (FIG. 9) for washing pallets 5, floor planners 2 and crates 1. Chamber 28 has metal or plastic lining 29 on the inside, lid 30 for hydraulic seal, hydraulic seal 31 for liquid (water), guides 32 for pallet with ii

floorframes guides 33 for gripping the crane-beam lifting mechanism, ring hydraulic system

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miachny compressor 75, evaporator brine pump 77, pump 78 for dyons, as well as chemical analysis table, hood, reagent cabinets for shelving, commercial scales, desk, double shelving for individual cabinets.

The complex Verhenkarya for mushroom cultivation works as follows.

Wheat straw in bales is delivered from under the canopy by loader 56 and conveyor 58 to bunker 59, from which the straw enters the straw

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vibration platform 35 for washing the pallet 5 on it with floors 2 and cabinets 1, drive-36 with protective casing 37, sewage collection 38, scraper type cleaner 39 with a drive for collecting residues of spent substrate, chamber 40 (Fig. 10) for disinfection or O.b - drying pallets 5, floors 2 and boxes 1, consisting of a removable cover 41 with a water seal, seals 42, water lock 43, for example water, guides 44 for lowering and lifting pallets 5 with floors and boxes, guides 45 for gripping the lifting mechanism of the crane beam, stop pl jaws 46 with openings on its surface, rings 47 with openings for steam or dry air, a collection 48 for condensed water, ventilation ducts 49, a bubbler 50 for utilization of gas waste, such as ammonia, during the Lementing of the substrate, fermenter 51, reinforced concrete pallet 52 for locking cv6cTpaTa components, metal pallet 53 for finished substrate, containers for storing chemical fertilizers, suspended crane beam 55 with grab electric loaders 56, goods scale 57, belt conveyor 58, bunker 59, straw cutter 60, directional tray 61, elevator 62 of substrate feeding after being locked in water, elevator 63 of substrate feeding after fermentation, device 64 for packaging the substrate, commodity scales 65, table-counter 66 mater, racks 67 for the prepackaged substrate, commodity scales 68, workbench 69 , scale 70 for tools, screw-cutting lathe 71, drilling machine 72, welder. j-fljV-U4 i- iJ J-G v i, JJ JJ Iv i-TL - ti t V. V.I. (f -13 a J ×

  automatic 73, air conditioning 74, am

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miachny compressor 75, evaporator 76, brine pump 77, water pump 78, as well as chemical analysis table, hood, reagent cabinets, shelving rack, product scales, desk, double shelf shelving, individual cabinet.

The complex Verhenkarya mushroom cultivation works as follows.

Wheat straw in bales is delivered from under the canopy by loader 56 and conveyor 58 to bunker 59, from which the straw enters the straw

cutting 60, where it is crushed, and to trays-guides 61 comes reinforced concrete pan 52 with boards, where the straw cut (or sawdust) is soaked with water to 70-75% moisture content.

Moisture straw (or sawdust) from pallet 52 is fed by an elevator to the fermenter 51, where fermentation takes place, after which it is pasteurized at 60-65 ° C for 5-6 hours, and then the temperature of the substrate in the fermenter 51 is reduced to 50-55 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 36-48 hours

From the Fermenter 51, the resulting gases, such as ammonia, are recycled into the sparger 50, where it is mixed with water, which is used to lock straw or sawdust in the pallet 52. The bubbler 50 and the containers 54 for storing the chemical fertilizers are located in the yard near the workshop.

After the substrate is cooled to 26-28 ° C, it is inoculated, 2-3% of the seedling mycelium of Vesuska mushroom is introduced, usually from the substrate weight in the tank of the fermenter 51 or in the mixer during packaging of the substrate. The substrate is well mixed with the added portions of the mycelium. After inoculation, the substrate enters from the Fermenter 51 into the metal base 53, from which, with the elevator 63, is fed into the hopper of the device 64 for its packaging into standard boxes 1 which are fed by conveyor 10 to the device for loading boxes 1 into shelf 2 (Fig. 11).

The process of loading the storyers 2 with boxes 1 with the substrate is performed as follows.

A girder 55 with a grip of the stacker 2 is installed in the mine chamber 9 (Fig. 11), after which the boxes 1 from the conveyor 10 with the help of the pusher 11, the thrust strip 12 are placed successively along the scles 3 on the floor 2 (Fig. 4-5). Then the two floor hangers 2 (fig. 4, 5) with boxes 1 (fig. 3) are installed with a crane-beam 55, four pieces in each; and a don 5 (fig. 6, 7), then with the help of a crane-beam 55 pallets 5 with floors 2 and boxes 1 are lowered into a sectional chamber 13 (Fig. 8) of a tunnel type.

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Loading of sectional chambers 13 (Fig. 8) of tunnel type with pallets 5 with floors 2 and boxes 1 is carried out as follows.

The sectional chambers 13 (Fig. 8) of the tunnel type do not have transverse dividing walls, but have longitudinal dividing walls with insulating lining, on which frames 15 are installed for the top loading of pallets 5 with floors 2 and boxes 1.

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First, the cover 17 (Fig. 8) is removed from the frame 15 forming the hatch 15, then the flap 22 is opened (for safety), then using the crane beam 55 and gripping the trays 5 (Fig 6, 7) with four floors 2 with the help of tg 7 and axes 8, they are lowered along the guides 18 into the sectional chamber 13 of the tunnel type (Fig. 8) and lowered onto the surface of the air ducts 21, then the recess 16 of the frame 15 is filled with liquid, for example water, the safety flaps 22 are fixed in the horizontal position and with the help of the crane-beam 55, the cover 17 is replaced; thereby ensuring tightness with a water seal.

The temperature and humidity conditions in the sectional chamber 13 of the tunnel type are automatically maintained by supplying conditioned air through ducts 21 from air conditioners 74, and the light conditions in the chamber are maintained automatically by means of installed lamps 20–40 (Fig. 8).

LL sprouting of the mycelium in pinches or in polyethylene nets should be observed in chamber 13, temperature - 45 RU air 20-25 ° C and humidity 90-95% for 14-20 days. After this period, the pods 5 with floors 2 (Fig. 4-4) and the sprouting mycelium of the Oyster mushroom are usually in boxes 1 with the help of a crane beam 55 and a lifting device (gripper), which are moved and installed in the same way as described above. tunnel sectional chambers 13 (Fig. 8) for fruiting. In the chambers 13, the air temperature is automatically maintained at 12–20 ° C and the humidity is 80%, as well as the illumination is 920 lx / h per day with air change of 2–5 revolutions per hour.

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With such a technological regime as for fruit bearing, in the chambers where the process of sprouting of the mycelium took place, pallets 5 with floors 2 and boxes 1 can not be moved into the chambers for fruiting, but leave them in the same chambers

To harvest the mushrooms and watering, the pallets 5 with floors 2 and pins 1 are lifted through the frame 15 of the tunnel sectional chambers 13 of the tunnel type (Lig. 8) with the help of a crane beam 55 and a lifting mechanism (grab) and then installed on the floor of the workshop. Eat mushrooms and water with a portable sprayer.

Harvested mushrooms are sorted and stored in the refrigerating chamber XI on racks (Fig. 2) in trays of 2-3 kg at 1 - 3 ° C.

Planting mycelium is stored in chamber XIII on racks (Fig. 2) at an air temperature of 1 to 2 ° C.

The degraded substrate from box 1 (fig. 3) is removed in workshop Y (fig. 2) using device 24 (fig. 12) to unload the substrate and box 1, mine 23, pallet 25 for the spent substrate, elevator 26 for substrate feeding and a hopper 27 for the spent substrate as follows.

The crane beam 55 (Fig. 12), the shelf 2 with the boxes 1 is installed in the umxV chamber 23 (Fig. 2) and secured with a fixing bracket, after which the substrate from the boxes 1 is pushed (shifted) into the collection box with a mechanical or pneumatic ejector 24. bucket elevator 25 (Fig. 12), and before that, the end walls of the standard boxes 1 are taken out, which transfers the spent substrate to the bunker 27, and the substrate is loaded from the bunker 27 into the vehicle and taken out.

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Released pallets 5, floors 2 and boxes 1 are fed by means of an anchor 55 with a washing chamber 28 (Fig. 8, 9), then into disinfection and drainage chamber 40 (Fig. 10) .. Net pallets 5, desiccators 2 and boxes 1 are recycled and used for technical inspection and, if necessary, repair.

Claims (3)

1. A mushroom growing complex containing a substrate preparation unit and sealed section chambers in which the substrate boxes, the air conditioning system, air ducts, the mechanism for moving the boxes, are differently located, in order to improve industrial sanitation by using waste-free technology, the complex equipped with a chamber for washing pallets, a drying chamber for disinfecting crates for a substrate, the substrate preparation unit being made in the form of a fermenter with a bubbler interconnected with each other respectively inlet and outlet pipes, wherein the fermenter to a bubbler arranged in front of sectional chambers, and the cleaning chamber and the drying-disinfecting, after them. 2. The complex according to claim 1, about tl4, and - due to the fact that the chamber for washing pallets is made in the form of a tank, in which a vibration rotary platform is installed, above it is an annular spray chamber for supplying water, and at the base of the tank is a cleaner to collect spent substrate. 3. The complex according to claim 1, which is also distinguished by the fact that the drying-disinfection chamber is made in the form of a tank that is equipped with a system for supplying steam or hot air. 54 I 54 J7 59 ° P & -9 55 5 53 63 f4fO tt 9 / I // ... / / 161615 ff u 2f 15 Ju 16 16 40 40 40 55 75 11 12 A 28 24 23 FIG. 2 252627 Phhg.z FIG 4 Fm 6 FIG. 7 &. ЖЖЫХЛЛ & Ж. I L 115 Fng 8 P hbsvsch nnhndoj ip dou 26 FIG. 12 24 I sh "S