SU1580300A1 - Method of multiplex collection of seismic data and system for effecting same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to seismic exploration, in particular, to the process of collecting seismic data in multiple telemetric seismic recording systems. The purpose of the invention is to improve the reliability of the noise immunity of seismic data collection by automatically tracking sequences of information words in the telemetry channel and preventing possible loss of information in each data acquisition cycle. To ensure a continuous cycle of collecting seismic data from all field modules of the system, the maximum allowable value of the time interval between information words is formed at the central recording station. In each data collection cycle, when the maximum permissible value is exceeded, code sequences are emitted replacing the information words of the corresponding field units. A time interval analyzer, an error signal generator, a frame counter and a calculator are entered into the system. 2 sec. and 11 hp f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The invention relates to seismic exploration, in particular, to the process of collecting seismic data in multichannel telemetric seismic recording systems.

The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability and noise immunity of seismic data collection by automatically tracking the personnel sequences of information words in the telemetry channel and preventing possible loss of information in each multiplex cycle.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a central recording station (CRS) of a multiplexed seismic data acquisition system; 2 is a block diagram of an error signal generator.

RDC contains telemetric communication channels (TMCS) 1, connecting field modules (PM) to each other and to CRS via remote communication devices 2 (UDS), connected via a common bus (OSH) 3 control computer complex (VHC) 4 , the controller 5 of the control and synchronization of the excitation source (KUSIV), the device 6 of the magnetic recording and the documentary display of the UDS 2 are connected to the OR 3 and contain a receiver (RMS) 7 and a transmitter (Tx) 8 connected to the TMX 1 and connected to the OS 3 driver 9 signals errors (FSO), analyzer 10 time int vomited, data acquisition processor 11 of the current generator

sl with about

with about about

addresses, calculator of 12 special functions, formatter of 13 commands, multiplexer-formatter (MF) 14 data, counter 15 words of information sequences and memory block 16 (BP). The output of PFP 7 is connected to the information serial input of processor 11, the first output of which is connected to the input / output of the calculator 12 and to the input of BP 16, the output of which is connected to the input of the MF 14, the input of the PDA 8 is connected to the information output of the formatter 13, the control output of which is connected with the third input of the FSO 9 and with the second input of the counter 15, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the processor 11 and to the input of the analyzer 10, the output of which is connected to the control input of the calculator 12 and to the first input of the FSO 9, the output of which is connected to the control their input formatter 13.

The FSO 9 contains a command generation unit (BFC), which includes the encoder 18 and the substitution command codes register 19, the defective channel number storage unit 20 containing the channel number storage register 21, the counter 22 with the write signal generator and the read control command register 23, and a TMX state analyzer 24 containing a counter 25, a comparison circuit 26 (CC) and a maximum number of error register 27, the first inputs of the BFC 17, unit 20 and the analyzer 24 are connected to the first input of the FSO 9, and their second inputs are connected to OSH 3, the second in d FSO 9 is connected respectively to the third inputs of the BFK 17 and block 20, and its third input is connected to the third input of the analyzer 24, the output of which and the output of block 20 are connected to the OSH 3, and the output of the BFK 17 is connected to the output of the FSO 9, and the output of the encoder 18 is connected to the output of the BFK 17, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively by the first and second inputs of the encoder 18, the third input of which is connected to the output of the register 19, the input of which is connected to the third input of the BFK 17, and the information input of the register 21 is connected to the second input of the block 20 the first entry is It is connected to the synchronous input of the counter 22, the output of which is connected to the first control input of the register 21, the output of which is connected to the output of the unit 20, the third input of which is connected to the control input of the register 23, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the control input of the counter 22 and the second control input of the register 21, the first and second inputs of the counter 25 being connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the analyzer 24, the third input of which

connected to the input of the register 27, the output of which is connected to the first input of the CC 26, the second input of which is connected to the output of the counter 25, and its output is connected to the output

analyzer 24,

The process of collecting seismic data is as follows.

After the operation of the arrangement of many (for example, 1000) sensitive to

seismic waves of sensors (seismic receivers) on the ground, as well as connecting them to appropriate PMs that convert information from seismic receivers (SP) into digital form and connected with each other and with the CRS using TMCS 1 (for example, cable line or radio channel ), the seismic recording system, which includes, in addition to the listed set of technical means, the source of seismic wave excitation, is transferred from the standby mode to the working state.

Before starting, each PM is assigned its own physical number (address), which is unique in this configuration of the seismic observation system. This provides error-free time-multiplexed transmission of information from all PMs and, when issuing information from them, eliminates the effect of superimposing code information packages of seismic data sequences. The information of each subsequent PM (with the number N + 1) will be in

TMKS 1 only provided that the previous PM (with the number N) has already given out its information. In this case, the first PM will begin issuing information immediately after receiving

starting command word emitted

with CRC to all PM systems.

The Start command (or the start of the data collection cycle) is an unaddressed command and serves to unconditionally execute it with all PMs. located in

system configuration.

Address calls to the PM system are usually used when placing the PM on the ground, when it is necessary to test the functional units of a PM. Addressless PM accession significantly saves seismic data collection time (more than 2 times), which allows comparing with the address method with the same analog quantization frequency

information from seismic receivers to significantly increase the total number of channels of registration system operating in real time.

Identification of a specific time window corresponding to the time

The emission of the information word from a certain PM on the TMCS 1 is linked to the feature of this Window for each information word present in it or transmitted to the CRS via an additional communication channel. In the latter case, it is necessary to have two unidirectional (informational and synchronizing) communication channels. For a case that provides for the presence of the transmission window (start / start and end) signs of the information word, it is possible to use a unidirectional ring (cable) communication channel or one single-band radio channel for each UDS 2 CRS.

The process of collecting information begins with the installation of operating modes of all functional units of the system (Fig. 1). In particular, the control signals generated by the UHF 4 in software mode are transmitted via the OSH 3 to the KUSIV 5, device 6, and also to the functional nodes of the UDS 2 connected to the OSH 3 after the start of the seismic excitation source through the KUSIV 5 sends control commands to formatter 13 via the OSH 3, which generates at its information output a sequential command word Start, as well as control signals received at the input of the TX 8, thereby activating its operation on the TMCC 1,

After the TMRS emit a Start command in each acquisition cycle, all PMs start an analog-to-digital conversion cycle of information received from the SP connected to them, and generate the generated digital words on the TSRS according to TMX 1 at certain time intervals, the corresponding sequence number of the layout of the PM on the terrain. At the CRC, sequences of information words are received into PFP 7, from the output of which they arrive at the information serial input of processor 11, where they identify the data of each seismic channel for subsequent processing and recording operations.

It is possible, for example, to implement such a multiplexed seismic data acquisition method, after receiving a Start command, PM having two parts of the buffer registers in the interface unit record the result of the analog-digital conversion to the first part of the buffer registers, at the same time from the second part of the buffer registers information is given in TMKS. When receiving the second (subsequent) Start command, the contents of the first part

buffer registers are issued in TMCS, and the result of the analog-digital converter of seismic signals is recorded in the second part of the buffer registers, etc. five

The collection of information according to this implementation allows a significant increase in the performance of the telemetry system and is therefore used for highly productive systems for collecting and recording seismic information.

However, in the operation of the system, it is possible that a PM, constituting an unbroken chain in each

5 data collection cycle, out of order for a short time (failure) or for a long time due to a fault. Then the information from subsequent PMs will not go to the CRC and at the same time it will be lost.

0 In order to eliminate the malfunction that has arisen, it is usual to stop the registration process, replace the faulty PM and start the seismic observation cycle again. Such works take a fairly long time and are very expensive.

In order to exclude the possibility of losing a significant amount of information during failures, as well as to reduce the effect of faults arising during the collection of seismic information, the CRS is additionally measured by the time interval between information words from each PM. In this case, the processor 11 of one of

5 UDS 2 DSRS extracts from the information sequences received from all PMs through TMCS 1 into PFP 7, synchronizing frame signals and generates on their basis the addresses of the corresponding parallel information words from each seismic channel. The addresses and data are then sent to the BP 16, from where, after the end of the collection mode through the MF 14, the data is sent to the device 6 for their long-term

5 storage and / or visualization. In addition, the frame synchronizing signals allocated in the processor 11 are fed to the analyzer 10, which measures the time intervals between information words coming from each

PM Maximum allowed value

time interval is set by

OSH 3 before the start of operation of the system and is selected depending on the modes of operation. The time interval measurement is performed in each cycle of the seismic data acquisition process, which is characterized by the time between two adjacent starting sync commands, in order to then identify random faults or permanent failure of the PM to be replaced after the seismic observation operation.

When the analyzed time interval is exceeded by a predetermined value (for example, more than 0.5 information word duration), the analyzer 10 outputs the appropriate logic level arriving at the first input of the FSO 9, which in turn generates the necessary replacement command codes at its output the input of the formatter 13. The formatter 13 sends to the PDA 8 for radiation on the TMCC 1 received information from the FSO 9 in the form of a code sequence of bits containing the necessary informational features and giving Opportunity PM, above the faulty in the direction of dissemination of information on TMCC, to continue the interrupted cycle of seismic data collection. Such features may include, for example, the feature of the transmission window of a code sequence, which is an attribute of any command and information word.

In this case, the continuation of the interrupted seismic data acquisition cycle occurs due to the fact that in the CRS they simulate in the corresponding time interval the presence in the TMCC 1 of the information word of the faulty PM.

However, an emergency situation (malfunction) may occur as a result of interference with TMCC, when any PM could not correctly determine the moment of information output and along with subsequent PM is in the state of waiting for the arrival of the sign of the beginning / end of the information word. Then, when simulating the information word of the replacement with the CRS, in the state of information output there will be two (faulty and subsequent) PM, which may lead to the effect of information overlay.

In order to prevent such a situation, with the CRC of TMCS 1, a code sequence is emitted, which includes, besides the sign of the beginning / beginning and end of the code sequence and the command sign, the address of the malfunctioning PM and the command code prohibiting the emission of information from the malfunctioning PM in this data collection cycle.

In order to determine the address of the faulty in the current loop of the PM (its physical number), the CRS in each multiplex data collection cycle in the counter 15 is used to count the number of received information

words (synchronizing code signals) arriving at its first input from the second output of processor 11. Setting the zero state of the counter 15 before the start of the next data collection cycle is performed using the Reset signal coming from the control output of the formatter 13 to its second input.

Information about the number of faulty in

the current cycle of PM, coming from the output of the counter 15 to the second input of the FSO 9, as well as the identifier of its malfunction, coming from the analyzer 10 to its first input, are used to form the BFC

17, using the command encoder, simultaneously prohibiting the work of the faulty PM, as well as simulating the presence of its information word in the TMCC 1. In addition, the number of the faulty PM is stored in block 20 s

using register 21 in order to analyze the nature of the malfunction in subsequent data collection cycles: is the malfunction of a random nature or is the malfunction permanent and requires replacement of the PM by

completion of the seismic observation cycle. At the same time, the counter 22 generates addresses and necessary write signals to the first control input of the register 21 by the error signal coming to its sync input from the output of the analyzer 10. Reading the information from the output of the register 21 is performed by the error message

3 under the control of signals from the output of the register 23 to its second control input, with all the control signals to the input of the register 23 coming from the control room unit

4 by OSH 3 in software mode. It should be noted that before starting work

22 is reset

the corresponding logical level coming from register 23, and through register 19 through OR 3, the operation modes of the BFC 17 are selected, namely, the replacement command word codes.

Since for a particular arrangement there remains a certain period of time between the information word of the last PM (with the maximum physical number) and the following sync command Start

(the beginning of the collection cycle), the number of possible operations to correct the process of collecting seismic data arising for some reason will have a different value in each specific case. Therefore, the maximum permissible number of possible failures in each data collection cycle is determined by the CRS in preparing the entire system for operation, and upon exceeding this value, a corresponding message is issued that it is impossible to continue

seismic observations, as well as numbers of faulty PM,

At the same time, the maximum permissible number of failures, determined in the mode of preparing the system for operation, is entered from UHC 4 by OR 3 into register 27 of the analyzer 24. This number from the output of register 27 goes to the first input of the CC 26, to the second input of which information comes from the output of the counter 25, which records the number of failures according to the information received at its first input from the output of the analyzer 10. In order for the number obtained from the output of the counter 25 to correspond to the number of failures in one seismic data collection cycle, the counter 25 zeroes the control signal m, coming from the output of formatter 13 to the third input of the FSO 9, connected to the second (installation) input of the counter 25. The zero signal goes synchronously with the issuance of the next sync Start command from the formatter 13. When the signals at its inputs match, the CC 26 produces a logic level at the output arriving at school 3 in UVK4, signaling the inoperability of a given TMCC 1 (for example, setting the corresponding interrupt vector), then the program servicing this vector for system 3 reads from the unit 20 on the display UVK 4 fledged PM collection in a given cycle.

After performing the operation to restore the dynamics of the arrival of the seismic data stream to the CRC using computer 12 connected to the first output of processor 11, an operation is performed to replace the information word from the faulty PM, but not in the information data stream in TMCC 1, but in the sequence of information words transmitted to BP 16 for further processing and registration. The data of each seismic channel, if present in TMCS 1 (the replacement command word in each registration cycle is decrypted by processor 11 as data, for example, with a zero value) is recorded only in PD 16. In the event of a failure, the calculator 12, receiving an error signal from the analyzer output 10, remembers the corresponding addresses of zero data coming from the output of processor 11, in order to then calculate the value of the information word PM, not corresponding to the corresponding processing algorithms specified before starting work on ORM 3 from UHF 4 spravno in this collection cycle.

In this case, several algorithms for determining the replacement information word can be used.

The first algorithm is based on the fact that 5 in the process of collecting information from the SP in the calculator 12, an extrapolation processing of the incoming data of each seismic channel is performed in order to predict the value of the information

0 words in subsequent seismic acquisition cycles. In case of failures, the values resulting from extrapolation are supplied instead of the corresponding lost information words.

5 as a replacement information word.

During the implementation of the second algorithm in the process of collecting information, interpolation data processing is performed.

0 of each seismic channel, as a result of which the value of the lost is determined

information word on the meanings of the information words of the seismic route before and after the occurrence of a fault.

5When using the third algorithm

information words from faulty in the current collection cycle, PMs are assigned zero values. This algorithm for determining the value of the information word is replaced when the computational power of the CRC (calculator 12) does not allow real-time data processing.

In addition, if the CRS is determined with

5 using calculator 12, that an emergency situation in a PM occurs several times in a certain number of data collection cycles, which is set before starting work on OR 3,

0 further values of the information replacement words, obtained by implementing the first and second algorithms of this PM, are transmitted to the registration channel equal to zero.

5 Thus, the above sequence of operations was carried out, an automatic tracking of the seismic data collection process was carried out at the ZRS, the presence of faults and faulty PM was detected,

0 and thereby prevent the possible loss of information in each multiplex collection cycle.

Claims (13)

Claims 51. A method of multiplexed seismic data collection, in which a central control station radiates via a telemetry communication channel a controlless signal of the quantization moment and the start of a collection cycle. data to a set of identical field modules, the inputs of which receive seismic information from at least one seismic receiver, in each field module receive a control signal of the beginning of the data collection cycle, convert the seismic information into information words, emit them via a telemetric link at specified intervals time, the sequence of information words corresponding to the sequence number of the field modules in the field are received at the central recording station and they are processed for each seismic receiver, processed and recorded, so that, in order to increase the reliability and noise immunity of seismic data collection by automatically tracking the sequences of information words in the telemetry channel and preventing possible information loss in each data collection cycle, the central recording station forms the maximum allowable value of the time interval between the information words, and in each data collection cycle it is measured e, comparing the measured time interval between data words, with a maximum value above which by telemetry communication channel emit code sequences, replacement data words corresponding field units. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, with the aid of a replacement code sequence, the entry of an information word from the corresponding field unit is prohibited, the address of which is determined by counting received information words from the telemetry channel. 3. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, so that, in order to reduce the influence of failures in the telemetry channel of communication, on the quality of the recorded information, when identifying, an extrapolation of the received information words and the calculated values are performed. assign information words corresponding to the replacement code sequences in the telemetry channel. 4. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that, in order to reduce the influence of failures in the telemetric channel of communication on the quality of the recorded information, when identification is performed, the interpolation operation of the received information words and the calculated value is assigned to the information words :; corresponding replacement code sequences in the telemetric communication channel. 5. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, in order to reduce the distortion of the recorded data during a failure in the telemetry channel, assign zero values to the information layers corresponding to the replacement code sequences in the telemetry channel. 6. The method of PP.1-b. Distinguishing with the fact that, in order to determine the workability 5 of the telemetry capability of the communication channel, at the central recording station before the start of the seismic data collection cycles in accordance with the specified number of working field modules and 0, the quantization frequency determines the backup time interval in each acquisition cycle, unoccupied by transmitting a sequence of information words over the telemetric communication channel, determine 5, the maximum permissible number of failures, above which they report the impossibility of further work and the numbers of the faulty field modules. 0 7. A multiplexed seismic data acquisition system comprising a plurality of field modules, at the inputs of each of which at least one seismic receiver is connected, a central recording station and at least one telemetry link connecting the field modules with each other and with the central recording station the central registering station contains a control computer system connected by a common bus, a control and synchronization controller of the excitation source, a device GUT magnetic recording and documenting 5 displays, as well as at least one remote communication device with field modules containing a receiver and a transmitter connected to a telemetry communication channel, a multiplexer-format data termination, a command formatter, a collection processor with a current address driver; bus and a memory block, the receiver output being connected to the information serial input of the data collection processor, the first output of which is connected to the input of the memory block whose output is connected to the input of a formatting multiplexer In addition, the information output of the command formatter is connected to the input of the transmitter, in order to increase the reliability and noise immunity of seismic data collection by automatically tracking sequences of information words in the telemetry channel and preventing possible loss of information in each of its multiplexes. cycle, a time interval analyzer connected to the common bus and an error signal generator, and in Ora output data acquisition processor connected to the input of the analyzer slots, whose output is connected to the input of the per- vym error signals, the output of which is connected to the control input of the formatter commands. 8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that a counter of information sequence words is entered into the remote communication device with field modules, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the data acquisition processor, and its second input is connected to the control output of the formatter commands, moreover, the driver of the error signals is connected to the common bus, and its second input is connected to the output of the word counter. 9. The system of claim 8, characterized in that a transmitter connected to the common bus is inserted into the remote communication device with field modules, its information input-output connected to the first output of the data collection processor, and its control input is connected with the first input of the error signal generator, the third input of which is connected to the control output of the command formatter. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the error signal generator includes a command generation unit, a block for storing the number of the faulty channel and a telemetric communication channel state analyzer, the first inputs of which are connected to the first input of the error signal generator, their second inputs connected to the common bus, the second input of the error signal generator is connected respectively to the third inputs of the command generation unit and the memory unit of the number of the faulty channel, and its third input is connected to the third input of the analyzer pa state telemetric communication channel, the output of which and the output of the memory unit of the number of the faulty channel are connected to the common bus, and the output of the command generation unit is connected to the input 5 of the error signal generator. 11. The system of claim 10. characterized in that the instruction generation unit contains the register of the replacement instruction codes and the encoder, the output of which is connected to 0 by the output of the instruction generation unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the encoder, the third input of which is connected to the output of the register of the replacement command codes, the input of which is connected to the third input of the command generation unit. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the block for storing the number of the faulty channel contains a register of control read commands, a counter with a shaper of recording signals, and a register of the channel number, whose information input is connected to the second input of the block of storing the number of the faulty channel. 5 channels, the first input of which is connected to the synchronous input of the counter with the recording signal shaper; the output of which is connected to the first control input of the register of the channel number, the output of which 0 is connected to the output of the memory unit of the number of the faulty channel, the third input of which is connected to the input of the register of control read commands, the first and second outputs of which are connected respectively to the control input of the counter with the write signal generator and the second control input of the channel number storage register 13. Pop-up system 10, characterized by - 0 with a heme, that the telemetry link state analyzer contains a counter, a register of the maximum number of errors in one collection cycle and a comparison circuit, the first and second inputs of the counter 5 are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the telemetry link state analyzer, the third input of which is connected to the "register of the maximum number of errors in one cycle 0 of the collection, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparison circuit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the counter, and its output is connected to the input of the analyzer of the telemetric communication channel. five L