SU1578328A1 - Method and apparatus for hydraulic drilling boreholes on steep outburst-prone seam liable to pouring out - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and is intended for the drilling of rising wells in the development of steep seams that are dangerous due to extraterrestrial emissions of coal and gas. The goal is to prevent the development of gas-dynamic effects during well drilling and to increase the efficiency of hydraulic drilling by selecting the optimal mode of hydraulic washing of coal. For this, a drilling mode is selected taking into account the strength characteristics of the coal massif. The speed of rotation and supply of the drilling tool (BI), made in the form of a column of concentric pipes forming a two-channel stand, and pressure of pressure water (HB), which are supplied to the drilling means, are set. In the process of drilling, the removal of stream forming attachments / SFC / drill head from the bottom is monitored. The limits of the allowable lag of the SFN from the bottom of the well are set, in the range of which, each reference position corresponds to the interrelated values of the variable parameters of the drilling mode. A portion of the HB during the drilling process is diverted to discharge, not an argument to the SFN. At the same time, the flow rate of the BI to the well, the flow rate of the wastewater discharged to the discharge, and the volume of pulp leaving the well are operatively controlled. The actual pulp volume is compared with the calculated for each monitored SFN position, and the bottom hole advance speed is compared with the BI feed rate. According to the results of the comparison, the flow rate of the NS through BI and the angular velocity of the alternating BI are adjusted. According to the allowable difference between the actual and calculated values and the volume of the pulp, the safety of the process of coal hydration is controlled. The drilling is carried out optimally for each particular section of the well. In order to increase the safety of work at a drop in pressure HB on the SFN to zero or with a pulsed increase in the effort of supplying the BI, the bottom of the well is instantly sealed. A device for carrying out the method is provided with a system for automatically maintaining a drilling mode. 2 sec. and 2 z. p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of steep seams hazardous in sudden outburst of coal and gas, in particular, for drilling of rising wells, used: mainly in reservoir degassing, conducting split openings and unmanned hydraulic coal mining.

The purpose of the invention is to prevent the development of gas-dynamic phenomena during well drilling and to increase the efficiency of hydraulic drilling by selecting the optimal mode of coal washing, as well as improving the safety of work.

Figure 1 shows the well drilling pattern; 2 shows a device for hydraulic drilling, a view in the plane of the formation; on fig.Z - section in figure 2; figure 4 - section bb in figure 2.

The essence of the method is as follows.

The limits of permissible lag of the jet-forming nozzles from the bottom of the well are set, in the range of which the interconnected values of the variable parameters of the drilling mode correspond to each control position, drilling is carried out, during which part of the pressure water is diverted to the discharge, not contingent upon the jet-forming nozzles of the drilling tool Operatively control the feed rate of the drilling tool into the well, the flow rate of the discharge water, the flow rate of the water discharged to the discharge and the volume of pulp coming from the well, comparing t actual volume of pulp coming from the well, calculated for each controlled position of the jet-forming nozzles, and the speed of moving the bottom of the well — with the speed of the tool feeding into the well, according to the results of the comparison, the flow rate of the discharge water through the drilling tool and the angular velocity of the alternating tool rotation, while monitoring the safety of the process of coal washing by the allowable difference between the actual and calculated values of the pulp volume and drilling in the optimal mode for each specific section of the well, in addition, the well is sealed, which is carried out instantaneously with a pressure drop

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pressure water on the nozzles to zero or with a pulse of increasing effort supply tool.

The device for hydraulic drilling of wells includes a jetting unit comprising a base 1 of the machine with a rotator 2, actuators in the form of feed cylinders 3 and rotation 4 b of the level tool. The drilling tool is made in the form of a column of concentric pipes, which form by becoming rods 5 with two channels separated from each other: central b and peripheral 7, includes a guide support 8 and drill a head including jet-forming trunks 9 and a connecting pipe with an internal 10 and outer 11 pipes. To create pressurized water, a water supply mechanism is used in a well — a shaft pumping unit (CU) 12 with a waste valve 13 connected to a conduit 14, for example, a fire line. The device also includes a hydraulic drive station (SG) 15, a control unit (CU) 16, a software device (CW) 17 and test equipment: sensor 18 of the feed rate of the drilling tool into the well 19 to its face 20, sensor 21 of the discharge water flow Q " supplied to the drill head, the sensor 22 water flow QC4, discharged in the drill head, and the pulpometer 23.

The outputs of the sensors 18, 20-23 are connected to the input of the software device 17, the output of which is connected to the input of the control unit 16, the output of which communicates with the actuating mechanisms 3% 4 of the rotational supply of the drilling tool and the water supply mechanism 12.

The drill head has stream-forming trunks 9 with nozzles 24, a connecting pipe with an internal 10 and an external 11 pipes. The trunks 9 are single-plane hinges 25 attached to the inner tube 10 and have rollers 26, flat spring elements 27 and leading rib 28. Along the longitudinal axis of the inner tube 10, holes 29 are made 29. The outer tube 11 is equipped with a toroidal diaphragm 30 of elastic material and has an opening 31 .

The guide support 8 consists of a cylindrical body with two radial partitions having

holes 32 and 33, and is provided with a spring 34. The downhole part of the inner surface 35 of the guide support 8 is made with a taper angle for ensuring a constant flow of jets of the liver at the contact of the support 8 with the bottom 20. The radial partition with holes 32 is provided with a hollow plunger 36 with an external groove 37 and a hole 38.

For drilling operations, it is determined from the equipment's passport data (mainly on the flow rate and pressure of the discharge water at the outlet of the pump unit) and coal strength at the well site, the initial drilling conditions. These include: water flow QgQ in the bottom of the well (through nozzles) with an average value of jet outflow angles relative ° ysiiiiiiii L

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but the axis of drilling oiu

PQ water pressure in the drill head, the angular speed C00 of alternating rotation of the feed rate in the angle sector 0 - 360 °, the estimated flow rate Vno of the tool, equal to the speed of the bottom hole, pulp flow O according

with Q So and vno

Then, information is written on the surface of the charge for a software device, which includes the flow dependences QJ. through nozzles and water pressure P in the trunks from different values of Otj pressure water flow, supplied to the drill head (Qy 6 QH-) and jet outflow angles (otW | 1H Ј od Ј oi Mal (c dependence of tool feed rate Vn from different values of jet outflow angles, on condition that Vn Umaxmax ° ° AAINI vn ° with osmax a In addition, the program block of the program device is inserted into the permanent storage unit of the O pulp volume from different values of the tool feed rate Vp and depth drill $ 1 bore dia.

In the general case, the software device 17, in addition to the permanently storing unit, contains blocks for reading information, decoders and registers.

Before starting work on the well, equipment is prepared for implementing the initial drilling conditions. The drill head is fed to the drill axis, with the guide bearing

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and the distance 8 is in contact with the reservoir coal, and the trunks 9 are in the middle position .tUL-i.

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hydrotreating 1% - “- (1 length

controlled range of lag of the jet-forming parts of the drillhead from the bottom).

The valve 13 is installed in a position that ensures, when the pumping unit Q is supplied, the outflow of the jets in the bottomhole with the flow rate Qf Q§ PYS oЈ0

5 and water pressure P0.

Adjust the rotational cylinder 4 to move the rod of the rods 5 at a selected speed.

When water is supplied for drilling and the program device 17 is turned on, it receives a command to read information from sensors 18, 21 and pulp meter 23. In addition, information from a permanent storage

the block is transferred to the output registers of the device 17, the main signal of which during drilling is the flow of water through the nozzles (the difference in the readings of the sensors 21 and 22 is 0. Qu; Qc (il) s

0 arriving at the setpoint feed speed V ,, tool.

When the water consumption in the bottom Q Ј (increase or decrease) is changed, a command is issued to the control unit 16 to change the feed rate Vn (decrease or increase). The control of the tool feed rate to the bottomhole Vn is carried out by means of a sensor 18, information from which is fed to the software device 17.

With an increase in the efficiency of hydraulic destruction of the coal, the bottom 20 of the well 19 moves away from the drill head, the guide support 8 re-5 interferes with the bottom 20, and the distance of the hydraulic backfill 1 increases. At the same time, jet outflow angles change relative to the drilling axis (and jet parameters — their power ratio decreases (due to Qg reduction and, to a lesser extent, P). Simultaneously with an increase in the rate of flushing of the well and increase in the jet lag from software

the device 17 outputs a signal to the control unit 16 to increase the feed rate Vn. If, by reducing the power supply of the jets and increasing the tool feed rate, the hydroturbation distance cannot be stabilized and maintained within a controlled range (the bottom speed continues to be greater than the tool feed speed), but the moment comes when the bottom is removed for the maximum controlled distance, t. e. d,, 0) (; c. In this case, the control unit 16 receives a command from the device 17 to discharge the discharge water using a valve 13 (QH QCH) and supply the tool for a distance equal to the initial one

. Then, the flow through the nozzles is reduced by reducing the amount of water flow Ots supplied to the drill head (Qtt QLJ) by valve 13 by moving it to a new position, which increases the amount of water discharged from the pumping unit 12. The drilling process is resumed to achieve stable operation on carrying out the well with the lagging of the nozzles from the bottom in a controlled range until a new change in the efficiency of hydraulic fracture occurs.

When drilling water is supplied, the volume of pulp coming from bottom 20 is monitored using sensor 23 installed at the wellhead 19. Sensor 23 information is fed to a software device 17, which compares the actual volume of incoming pulp with the calculated one, and when the difference between them increases gives a command to block 1b of control to reduce the feed rate of the rod stand 5 and the flow of pressure water through the nozzles until the tool moves in the well and stops the flow of pressure water to the head, i.e. for sealing the bottom. The increase in pulp volume indicates the beginning of precipitation of coal in the face, about the appearance of warning signs of sudden release.

The information supplied from the persistent storage unit to the output registers of the software device 17 also contains a signal that includes a delayed time delay switch for sealing the bottom at the extreme points of the range of movement of the barrels relative to the bottom 20, which is carried out instantaneously simultaneously with the stoppage of the tool

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placing rods or depressurization of its water supply channel (to avoid mechanical impact of the drill head on the bottomhole) and squeezing from the bottom support bearing due to intense squeezing or sudden collapse of coal in the bottom of the well (to stop the development of gas-dynamic effects).

The device for drilling wells works as follows.

When you turn on the pump unit 12 water through the Central channel 6 of the rod 5 rods enters the inner pipe 10 of the drilling head. Next, one part of the pressure water through the holes 29 in the inner pipe 10 enters the peripheral channel 7, and the second part through the trunks 9 and nozzles 24 is fed into the faces 20 to destroy the coal and form a well 19. At the same time as the water supply to the bottom 20, turn on the hydraulic drive station 15 and software device 17. The control of the device during drilling is carried out using the control unit 16. When alternating rotation of the rod of the rod 5, the rotational cylinder 4 also receives movement of the inner tube 10 with trunks 9. The barrels 9 are separated by spring elements 27, while the rollers 26 contact the inner surface 35 of the support 8. The guide support 8 can move in the direction of drilling only axially through the spring 34 and is in constant contact with the coal face 20.

The repulsed angle through holes 32 and 33 goes along with the waste water, forming a slurry, to the wellhead, where a slurry gauge is installed - da.tchik 23, and then gets into the preparatory development.

During the rotation of the barrels 9, the jets wash out an annular slot in the coal array and break the core (if it is formed) by "jets (hydraulic wedge) or leading rib 28. Under the action of the spring 34, the guide support 8 moves to the bottom 20 and, if the flow rate into the well when rods 5 with pipes 10 and 11 rigidly attached to its head rod are equal to the velocity of the hydraulic washing of the well, destruction by coal is carried out by jets with almost constant parameters. When the flow rates of the tool are mismatched and the well is formed, the position of the inner pipe relative to the plunger 36 of the support 8 changes, which leads to a change in the amount of pressure water discharged through the holes 29 into the peripheral channel 7 fed through the valve 13 through the central channel 6. For example, If the coal is extruded from the bottom 20, the guide support 8 is restored or even pressed from the array to the rearmost position, the pressure and water flow increase dramatically, water discharge from the central channel 6 peripheral 7 stops and part of the pressure water from channel 6 through one

the efficiency of the destruction of coal (increase-JQ from holes 29 (top) and hole

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The strength of the coal in the bottom 20 of the well 19 speeds the axial movement of the guide support 8 slows down, and once the rods 5 become, they continue to feed the face at the same speed. At this time, the plunger 36 smoothly closes the drain hole 29, the amount of water discharged by sensor 22 decreases, the power supply of the jets flowing from the nozzles 24 increases, and the efficiency of coal destruction therefore increases in comparison with the initial drilling conditions. Simultaneously with the change in the value of the discharge of pressure water through nozzles 24 (increase), the program device 17 sends a command to the control unit 16 to reduce the feed rate of the rods 5 to the well 19.

The breaking of coal in the bottom 20 leads to a new regime - the pressure and flow of water through nozzles 24 are increased, the feed rate of the rod 5 into the well

19 and distance from barrels 9 to the bottom

20, the angles of outflow of the jets relative to the drilling axis increased, but due to the profile of the inner surface 35 of the downhole part of the guide support 8 and constant contact with the trunks 9 through the rollers 26 and spring elements 27, the outflow of jets to the contact of the support 8 with the face 20 was provided.

If in the future the destruction efficiency of the coal will fall, then there may come a time when the formation of the well will be carried out at a distance close to the minimum controlled, with a small tool feed rate into the well. In this case, the supply of pressure water to the bottom 20 is stopped, the rotation speed of the rod 5 is adjusted (reduced), and the valve 13 is shifted to a new position, increasing the flow rate through the nozzles and the water pressure in the trunks 9.

At the initial moment of occurrence of the gas-dynamic phenomenon, for example

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38 in the plunger 36 enters the cavity of the diaphragm 30, fills it and instantly closes the holes 32 in the radial septum of the support 8, sealing the bottom 20 of the well 19. At the same time, the command comes from the software device 17 to stop the rods of the boom 5 and switch the valve 13 to the entire pressure water (QH) to discharge. After redistribution of the rock pressure, unloading and degassing of the reservoir in the bottom of the coal massif, the drilling of the well continues, preventing the development of the gas-dynamic phenomenon in the initial period of its development.

In order to continue drilling, the supply of the rods 5 from the bottom 20 to the discharge of water from the diaphragm 30 to the well through the groove 27 is diverted.

When a cavity is suddenly formed in front of the guide support 8 (collapse or rash of the bottom-hole part of the array) or if the speed of the coal leaks out of the bottom 20 (the presence of alternating coal is cracked, etc.) increases, the support 8 is moved forward by the action of spring 34 (jump) of the flow rate and pressure of pressure water on the nozzles 24 (drops to zero) due to discharge of the entire volume of water through the holes 29 into the channel 7. At the same time, the support 8 acts on the elastic toroidal diaphragm 30 and closes the holes 33 odke, sealed this slaughter 20.

The length of the controlled range 1 lag of the jet-forming parts of the drill head (barrels and nozzles) is chosen depending on the diameter of the well, which is determined by the design parameters of the equipment used, in particular the diameter of the guide support bar and the rods, and the maximum discharge water flow rate at the pump installation.

1578328Y

when extruding the coal from the bottom 20, the guide support 8 is restored or even pressed from the array to the rearmost position, the pressure and water flow increase dramatically, the water discharge from the central channel 6 to the peripheral 7 stops, and some of the pressure water from channel 6 through one

Jq of holes 29 (top) and hole

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38 in the plunger 36 enters the cavity of the diaphragm 30, fills it and instantly closes the holes 32 in the radial septum of the support 8, sealing the bottom 20 of the well 19. At the same time, the command comes from the software device 17 to stop the rods of the boom 5 and switch the valve 13 to the entire pressure water (QH) to discharge. After redistribution of the rock pressure, unloading and degassing of the reservoir in the bottom of the coal massif, the drilling of the well continues, preventing the development of the gas-dynamic phenomenon in the initial period of its development.

In order to continue drilling, the supply of the rods 5 from the bottom 20 to the discharge of water from the diaphragm 30 to the well through the groove 27 is diverted.

When a cavity is suddenly formed in front of the guide support 8 (collapse or rash of the bottom-hole part of the array) or if the speed of the coal leaks out of the bottom 20 (the presence of alternating coal is cracked, etc.) increases, the support 8 is moved forward by the action of spring 34 (jump) of the flow rate and pressure of pressure water on the nozzles 24 (drops to zero) due to discharge of the entire volume of water through the holes 29 into the channel 7. At the same time, the support 8 acts on the elastic toroidal diaphragm 30 and closes the holes 33 odke, sealed this slaughter 20.

The length of the controlled range 1 lag of the jet-forming parts of the drill head (barrels and nozzles) is chosen depending on the diameter of the well, which is determined by the design parameters of the equipment used, in particular the diameter of the guide support bar and the rods, and the maximum discharge water flow rate at the pump installation.

For wells drilled with KBG type jetting installations, their diameter is 300-500 mm. Pumping units (SND, UNS), used in mines with KBG, have a flow rate in the range of 10-18 and pressure water up to 20 MLa. The length of the controlled range is in the range of 0.2 - 0.35 m;

The proposed method and device is characterized by a high level of safety in drilling wells of larger diameter due to preventing the development of gas-dynamic effects by automating operational response (sealing the bottom, stopping the impact of the jets on the stressed coal mass and movement of the drilling tool in the well) at the beginning of their development (increased output coal from the well, extrusion of coal from the bottom, etc.). In addition, the automatic selection of the drilling mode due to a change in the efficiency of coal destruction, which is typical for zones with a different stress state of the massif (the main sign of a hazardous danger), will reduce the likelihood of gas-dynamic phenomena or sudden collapse of coal. .

Claims (4)

1. A method of hydraulic drilling of wells on steep outburst formations prone to precipitation, according to which the drilling mode is selected taking into account the strength characteristics of the coal massif, sets the speed of rotation and supply of the tool to the well, flow rate and pressure of the flow water supplied to the drilling means, perform drilling of the well, during which they control the removal of the jet-forming nozzles of the drilling tool from the bottom and, at the maximum distance of the latter, stop the flow of water; gidrovymyvanie carbon pulp for the presence of the exit hole, characterized in that in order to prevent the development of gas-dynamic phenomena during the wells and increasing the hydraulic efficiency of the drilling by adjusting the optimal mode gidrovymyvani coal define allowable limits of "E 0 five setting the jet-forming nozzles from the bottom of the well, in the range of which each reference position corresponds to the interconnected values of the variable parameters of the drilling mode, drills, during which part of the pressure water is diverted to discharge, not to the jet-forming nozzles of the drilling tool, while speed is controlled supplying the drilling tool to the well, the flow rate of the discharge water, the flow rate of the water discharged to the discharge, and the volume of the pulp coming out of the well compare the actual volume of the pulp, from the well, calculated for each controlled position of the jet-forming nozzles, and the speed of moving the bottom hole — with the speed of the tool supply to the well; according to the results of the comparison, the flow rate of the flow water through the drilling tool and the angular velocity of the alternating tool are corrected, while controlling the safety of the coal hydraulic washing through the allowable difference between the actual and calculated values of the pulp volume and are drilled in the optimal mode for each particular well site . 2. Method pop. 1, different from the fact that, in order to increase the safety of work, the bottom of the well is sealed, which is carried out instantly when the pressure of the pressure water at the nozzles drops to zero or when the tool delivery forces increase. . 3. A device for hydraulic drilling of holes on steep outburst prone to rash formations, including trunks with nozzles, a direct drive support, a connecting pipe and a drilling tool in the form of a pipe stand, actuators for feeding and rotation of a drilling tool, a water supply mechanism into the well, characterized in that, in order to prevent the development of gas-dynamic effects during well drilling and to increase the efficiency of hydraulic drilling by selecting the optimal mode of hydraulic hydration of coal, it provides woman’s automatic drilling mode maintenance system, which includes a software device with a control unit, feed rate sensor a tool into the well, a flow water flow sensor, a discharge water flow sensor from the well, and a pulp volume sensor, while the sensor outputs are connected to the input of the software device, the output of which is connected to the input of the control unit, the output of which communicates with the actuators supply and rotation of the drilling tool and water supply to the well, while the drilling tool is made in the form of a column of concentric tubes that form a two-channel stand, and the guide support is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with These radial partitions, with one of which is rigidly connected to a hollow plunger placed with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the connecting pipe, which, in turn, is made in the form of concentrically arranged pipes connected to the head rod of a two-channel rod, while the inner pipe of the connecting pipe the box has a series of holes located along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle, and the upper end is pivotally connected to trunks having rollers which are mounted with the possibility of interaction with the inner profile The other surface of the support is a cone-shaped, with the other radial partition of the guide support mounted on the outer surface of the outer pipe of the connecting pipe and spring-loaded relative to the head rod of a two-channel stand. 4. The device pop. 3, characterized in that, in order to increase the safety of work, it is provided with a toroid-shaped diaphragm made of elastic material fixed on the outer surface, the internal cavity of which has the ability to periodically communicate with the channel of the inner pipe of the connecting branch using radial holes, respectively made on the outer pipe connecting pipe and the plunger. Max 4 3 W 16 1 / I ii   N / WV v vV v h # ГЈ figl