SU1560960A1 - Oven for firing carbonaceous materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used in the electrode industry for firing carbon-containing products in furnaces. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the furnace and the quality of heating by ensuring the uniformity of the heat rod over the cross section of the furnace. The furnace has a closed chamber 1, side walls 2, burners 3, stationary under, arches 5, exhaust smoke ducts with grilles 7 and valves 8, collecting smoke duct 9 with exhauster 10, fuel pipelines 11, recovery ducts connected to windows camera having flaps. Cassettes 17 with a constant distance to the burners 3, with through holes of different sections along the height of the cassette, are installed under the chambers, starting from the bottom of the cassette, which also has through holes. The last cassettes are separated in the preheating zone from the unloading and loading area of the products by folding screens. Part of the chamber is set aside for burning products in containers, and a screen with distribution openings is installed. The cassettes 17 may have a different shape in cross section. Between the vault and the cassette installed butterfly valves. When unloading and loading of products, the vault is removed. Heat from the cooling zone is transferred to the burning zone and through the recovery channels to the overheating zone I. In the burning zone II, the fuel mixes with air and burns, heating the walls of the cassettes 17. From the burning zone II, the gases move to the heating zone I, releasing heat to the cassettes 17, and cooled down through the exhaust smoke ducts through the collecting smoke duct 9 with the smoke exhauster 10 are vented to the atmosphere. 5 hp ff, 4 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to the production of carbon-graphite products, in particular, to furnaces for firing molded and pressed carbon-containing blanks.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the furnace and the quality of heating by ensuring uniform heat flow over the cross section of the furnace. Figure 1 shows the proposed oven, view in plan; figure 2 - section aa ... in figure 1} in fig.Z - section bb in figure 2; Fig. 4 shows a fastening assembly for the furnace frame of kaolin wool blocks.

The furnace contains an annular chamber 1, side walls 2, burners 3, stationary under 4, roof 5, made of removable sections, smoke outlets 6 with removable grates 7 and control valves 8, a combined smoke channel (bore) 9 with a smoke exhauster 10, a system a fuel supply pipe 11, a recovery duct 12 encircling the furnace around the perimeter, and a recovery duct 13 extending inside a hog 9.

Channels 12 and 13 are connected by windows 14 to an annular chamber 1, with rotary valves 15 installed in windows 14. Windows 14 are led out into the inter-cassette fire compartment 16 of camera 1 and one window 14 is located at the top (to collect heated air) and another window 14 is located at the bottom (for supplying heated air to the appropriate inter-cassette fire chamber 16),

The cassette 17 with horizontal through holes a, i, b, the axes of which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber 1, are installed on the under 4 along the width of the annular chamber 1, and the distance from the burners 3 to the cassette is at least half the cassette length. The sections of the gas holes a, S, b of the cassettes 17 are made with their subsequent reduction in height of the cassette 17 from the bottom up, starting from the hearth 18, but it is possible to make gas holes, f, b of any geometric shape. Under 18 of the cassette 17 has horizontal through holes 1, Between the arches 5 and the front edge of the cassette 17 are located the butterfly valves 19,

The last two cassettes 17, which are on heating, are separated from the cassettes 17, which are on unloading and

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loading, insulating screen 20, for example paper.

Part of chamber 1 is set aside for burning products in containers 21, in order not to complicate the design of containers 21, to create a uniform distribution of the gas flow over the cross section of chamber 1, before the containers 21 in the gas path across the width of chamber 1 at the same distance to the burners 3 A screen 22 is installed with distribution holes l, e, g of any geometric shape along the height of chamber 1, starting from floor 4, a. Above the front edge of the stack of containers 21 and the arches 3 there is a rotary shutter 19.

. For firing products, cassettes 23 (Fig. 2) with horizontal through holes of the same cross section and height of the cassette 23 can be used. Before cassette 23 (for uniform distribution of gas flows over the cross section of chamber 1 in the path of gases across the width of chamber 1) Up to the burners 3, a screen 22 is installed with distribution openings A, e,) To any geometric shape at the height of chamber 1, starting from the bottom 4. Under 18 of the cassette 23 has horizontal through openings 2. Between the arches 5 and the front edge of the cassette 23 are rotary valves 19.

In addition, the holes K, L

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removable grill 7 has any geometric shape, starting from the side of the prefabricated smoke channel 9 from the wall 2.

For a capacitance of 17 or 23, the magnitude of the hydrodynamic resistance depends on the sum of the cavitation sites (in this case, the cassette 17 or 23 nodes), therefore, the cassette 17 or 23 should have a minimum of angles in the gas holes a, S, & or and, moreover, the angles "(if possible) should be smooth transitions of one line of aperture to another (for laminar flow of gases). In addition, the cassettes 17 or 23, depending on the dimensions of the products, contain from one to four sections, since a larger number of sections is not advisable due to a decrease in the useful volume of the cassette 17 or 23 and is limited by the width of chamber 1, and the length of the cassettes 17 or 23 depends from

the number of loaded products in the cassette 17 or 23, taking into account the constant temperature gradient of the inlet and outlet of gases from the gas holes of.,, & or IK of the cassette 17 or 23, and the discharge of the cassette 17 or 23 is determined by the height of chamber 1. This is achieved by the difference in the shape of the cassette sections 17 or 23 and their intended use for different firing products. The cassette sections 17 or 23 may have a rhombic shape for firing small-sized or small-diameter articles, have a minimum number of resistance angles and occupy a small area. The cassette sections 17 or 23 may be in the form of a circle for firing products of large diameter and o6eqne4e for uniform firing and two resistance angles. Cassette sections 17 or

23 can be in the form of a hexahedron or a polyhedron for roasting medium-sized and large-sorted products of various configurations and have a relatively large useful area. In addition, the through holes a

$, 6 or and cover the cassette section 17 or 23 around the perimeter.

The side walls 2 of the chamber 1 and the roof 5 are lined with pressed blocks

24 (Fig. 4) of kaolin wool, which with the help of T-shaped brackets 25 enter the guides 26 of the frameworks 27 of the furnace and the arches 5. The walls 11 and under the aperture cassettes as well as under the chambers are made of lightweight chamotte refractory.

The furnace works as follows. The annular chamber 1 of the furnace during the firing of carbon-containing products is conventionally divided into zones (Fig. 1): preheating I, firing .4-11, cooling III and unloading - loading IV products, all areas as the products are fired, continuously moving.

Code 5, made above the unloading and loading zone, is detachable from removable sections when replacing burnt carbon-containing products and filling with new molded or pressed products and filling for further burning, as well as repairing camera 1 or cassettes 17 or 23 at the same time is removed or moved. The air flow from zone IV moves through the annular chamber 1 in the direction indicated by the arrows to the cooling zone III under the action of vacuum.

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By means of an exhauster 10, through the collecting burs 9 and the exhaust smoke channel 6, the control valve 8 of the last cassette 17 or 23 located in the heating zone I is in the control valve 8. While the rotary valve 15 of the window 14 in the inter-cassette fire compartments 16 of the annular chamber 1. in zone IV, unloading and loading of items are closed.

The passage in the cooling zone III through the through horizontal openings O, 8, B or cassettes 17 or 23 heats the air flow, cools them, and with them the filling with the products. In this case, the butterfly valves 15 of the upper windows 14 of the chamber 1 connected to the channels 12 and 13 are open and the lower windows 14 are closed by the butterfly valves 15, with the result that the heated air is distributed in three directions: the main flow moves through the annular chamber 1, and the other two, through the open top openings 14, flow down from cooling zone III to channels 12 and 13, which are sent due to the vacuum created by the smoke exhauster 10 to the heating zone I to the corresponding cassette fire compartment 16 for stabilization in cassettes 17 or 23 of the set temperature ( in zones of stabilization in the cassettes 17 or 23 of a given temperature). Air enters zone I of heating through open lower windows 14, while upper windows 14 are closed. Thus, to the accumulator heat from the cassettes 17 or 23 in the cooling zone III, the air is heated i to 1000 ° C and enters the calcining zone II and the heating zone I.

Through the burners 3, the pipeline system 1t is fed to the burning zone II (fuel is fed to the in-cassette fire compartment 16 of the rack unit 17 or 23, us firing), where the fuel is mixed with streams of heated air coming from zone III okh0

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lays, burns, and the gases resulting from the combustion of fuel pass through the holes a, 8, 6 or in the cassette 17 or 23, releasing heat through the wall of the cassette 17 or 23 and filling the loaded product, while the windows 14 Zanna with recuperation channels 12 and 13, both the upper and lower closed shutters 15.

Then the gases enter the preheating zone I and the heat is passed through.

through holes a, 8, 6 or C of cassettes 17 or 23 do not cool down to 100 ° C. In the I zone of heating, the upper Windows 14 are closed with pivotal curtains 15, and the lower windows 14 are opened into the recuperation channels 12 and 13, as a result of which the drawn air from the cooling zone III, metered by the rotary valves 15, enters into the required quantity fire compartments 16 of the cassettes 17 or 23, where draining with the main stream of gases gives off its heat to the walls of the cassettes 17 or 23, maintaining the required temperature in them. In addition, the presence of channels t2 and 13 makes it possible to evenly distribute the magnitude of the vacuum across the entire length of the annular chamber 1. The last two cash registers are 17 or 23 of the heating zone I to avoid diluting the gas carrier

the air mixture and, consequently, the lowering of its temperature, are isolated by hinges 20 from zone IV of unloading and loading of products.

The cooled gases through the removable grilles 7 through the exhaust smoke channels 6 of the last two cassettes 17 or 23 of the preheating zone I, the open control valves 8 pass, pass into the collecting bore 9 and the exhauster 10, and then into the atmosphere.

It should be noted that the combustion of volatile substances in the subsurface space takes place partially, and the rest of them burns in the through gas holes a, $, b or fU of subsequent cassettes 17 or 23 of the preheating zone I following the firing zone II, which leads to equalization of the temperature the gradient in the upper layers of the backfill of the cassettes 17 or 23.

Thus, in a kiln with a horizontal heat flow through the cassettes, a constant temperature gradient is established over the cross section of the cassettes, which leads to an increase in the quality of the burning.

products and, therefore,

the performance of the furnace. The ability to regulate heat fluxes leads to their even distribution over the cross section of the furnace chamber and improves the furnace efficiency by reducing fuel consumption.

Ula Invention Form

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Claims (6)

1. Furnace for burning carbon from-, goods, containing a chamber with a stationary hearth, a vault with removable sections, muffles, burners installed in the side walls, smoke channels and a collecting smoke channel with control valves, which is so that, in order to increase the efficiency of the furnace and the quality of heating by ensuring uniform heat flow over the cross section of the furnace, the furnace is made in the form of a closed loop, and the muffles are made in the form of sectional cassettes with hearth installed evenly across the cross section of the furnace, and the smoke channels are placed between the cassettes and covered with horizontal removable grates, the openings of which are made decreasing in the direction of the collecting smoke channel, while ki cassettes each section formed with openings alternating sections, a decreasing height from the bottom up, but under the formed apertured alternating sections, a decreasing section from the middle to the peri- 0 ferii. 2. Bake pop 1, characterized in that it is equipped with butterfly valves installed between the roof and the cassettes. 3. Bak 1 and 2, about t l and 0 five 40 45 50 55 This is provided by the fact that it is provided with vertical partitions placed between the cassettes and with distribution openings with sections decreasing in height from bottom to top. 4.Pech according to claims 1 to 3, which means that the cassette sections are made to repeat the shape of the products to be baked. 5.Pech pop.1, characterized in that the walls of the furnace and the removable sections of the vault are insulated with blocks of kaolin wool and under the furnace from lightweight refractories. 6.Pech pop.1, characterized in that the walls and under the cassettes are made of lightweight refractories. N5 Che Qo ABOUT 27 26 25  f f -G f -ft f.-t IT) IT / 4TJ W Compiled by N. Aseeva Editor A. Revin Tekhred L. Oliynyk Proofreader M. Sharoshi Order 972 Circulation 502 VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5 Production and Publishing Combine Patent, Uzhgorod, st. Gagarin, 101 .t Subscription