SU15608A1 - The method of splitting fats and oils for fatty acids and glycerin - Google Patents

Description

The known method of splitting fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerin is to heat them with mineral, hydrochloric acids and emulsifiers,

Due to the difficulty of the hydrolysis process at high percentages of cleavage, due to the increased concentration of glycerol water and the reverse direction of the process (esterification), the cleavage process takes place in two periods. The first period consists in boiling the fat with water in the presence of an emulsifier until glycerides are cleaved to 80-85%. Upon reaching this digestion figure, stirring is stopped and the fat is settled from the glycerol water. After separation of the latter, 20-25% of condensation water acidified with sulfuric acid is added, and the fat is again mixed with steam to obtain 92-93 / o free acid. At the same time, the theory and practice of fatty matter has established that splitting is necessary to conduct with the least possible amount of water due to the concentration of the emulsifier and the benefit of the concentration of glycerin water.

The proposed method for the breakdown of fats by n oils into fatty acids and glycerin is intended to reduce

consumption of emulsifiers, improving the color of fatty acids and obtaining more concentrated solutions of glycerin water.

The method consists in splitting the fats with a large amount of water, an emulsifier and a mineral acid in the first operation. So, for example, water, instead of the usual 45-600 / 0, is taken 100-150 ° / o, an emulsifier, instead of 0.5 -, and sulfuric acid. instead of the usual 0.1-0.3 ° / o. At such ratios of all components, the process of hydrolysis by 90-93 ° / o takes 3–4 hours. The fatty acids obtained with this vigorous cleavage dissolve or g1 adsorb the most active sulfonic acids in the sense of the cleavage process, while the less active remain in glycerol water. A portion of these acids and sulfuric acid without emulsifiers are taken to further break down fresh fat. For subsequent cleavage, fresh fat is mixed with fatty acids obtained from splitting fat in the presence of acids without an emulsifier. This produces very pure glycerol water and is not separated after each cleavage, since the cleavage process can also be repeated many times.

with glycerin water to increase the concentration to 25-30 ° / o, instead of the usual factory 10.

Glycerin water, after the first significant cleavage (large amount of water, emulsifier and mineral acid), serves for subsequent vigorous cleavage, for which only an emulsifier is added to it. The first stage of the process with large quantities of components and then without an emulsifier, as established by the author’s experiments, can proceed in open tanks with stirring with steam and in open tanks at temperatures below 100 ° C with stirring with mechanical agitators or gases, as well as in completely deaf apparatus when heated over 100 ° C at a pressure of 1-2 atmospheres.

Example:

1) Take 300 hours of coconut oil,

300 hours of water

12 parts of petroleum sulfonic acids, known as „contact and containing 46.6 sulfonic acids, and 6 parts of sulfuric acid beats. at. 1.84. After eight hours of steam passing through the mixture of the above components, coconut oil shows an acid number of 248.0 td KOH.

Acids and glycerin water, denoted by the author under JN9 1, are obtained in dark color.

2) 170 parts of fatty acids, designated under No. 1 and having an acid number of 248.0 td KOH, are mixed with 340 parts of fresh coconut oil with an acid number of 2.65 tons, in KOH. Then, in the presence of 306 parts (60.o) of water containing 0.5 about sulfuric acid and fat, the oil is subjected to splitting by passing open steam. After eight hours of steam transmission, the acidity of the oil is 235.2 td kon or 88.40 / 0. Acid and glycerin water No. 2 are fresh and clean. Glycerin water is separated from the fat, 250 parts of fresh water, acidified with 2.5 parts of sulfuric acid, are added, and boiling by passing open steam is continued for another 4 hours.

3) Take 100 parts of coconut oil with an acid number of 2, 65 and 100 parts of fatty acids No. 2 with an acid number of 256.4, add 120 parts of glycerin water No. 2 and, after 12 hours of boiling, obtain the content of free acids in the split fat 80.0 and acid number-213.7.

According to the methods described above, the process can be continued until full utilization of the splitting power of the fatty acids, in which the splitting agent emulsifier remains.

The subject of the patent.

Claims (3)

1. Fatty acids and fatty acids splitting into fatty acids and glycerin when heated with mineral acids and emulsifiers in several operations, characterized in that a mixture of 100-150 ° is used in the first splitting operation, water, 2-) mineral acids and 2- 4; an emulsifier, taken with respect to the breakdown of fat or oil. 2. Acceptance of the method indicated in paragraph 1, characterized in that the fatty acids obtained according to claim 1 are dissolved with the 1st 3 of them with an emulsifier, by adding to them fresh fats or oils, are reheated with diluted mineral acids without adding emulsifiers. 3. Acceptance of the method indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2, characterized in that the aqueous solution obtained by the breakdown of fats and oils, as indicated in paragraph 2, is used to break up fresh portions of fats and oils, to which the added fat acids with emulsifiers contained in them, obtained according to the method indicated in item 1 or 2 "