SU1556745A1 - Arrangement for disintegrating plates from composite materials on polymer base - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for crushing plates made of composite materials and can be used for recycling waste or recycling multilayer composite materials based on polymers used in mechanical engineering. The goal is to increase the efficiency of crushing the plate of multilayer composite materials based on polymers. The device comprises a drive mounted on the frame and a pair of rolls 2 and 3 installed with the possibility of rotation towards each other, which are made with spikes 4. A movable 5 and a fixed 6 knives are additionally installed behind the rollers, the movable knife is made in the form of a set of cutting-off and protruding cutting teeth mounted in a staggered order on a shaft mounted parallel to the axis of the rolls rotatably, and the fixed knife is mounted horizontally and has cutouts for the passage of the slotted teeth, while the rolls are driven kinematically The ski is connected to the roller shaft. 4 il.

Description

FIG. one

The invention relates to a device for crushing plates made of composite materials and can be used for recycling waste or recycling multilayer composite materials based on polymers used in the building industry.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of crushing plates from multilayer composite materials based on polymeric materials.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, side view; in fig. 2 is the same, top view, in FIG. 3 - working surfaces of rolls, scan; in fig. 4 - communication device with a drive.

The device comprises a drive mounted on frame 1 (not shown) and a pair of rolls mounted rotatably towards each other. The upper 2 and lower 3 rolls are kinematically associated with a mechanical transmission drive (not shown). Rollers 2 and 3 are made with studs 4, which have the shape of a cone. Behind the rollers 2 and 3, movable 5 and fixed 6 knives are mounted. The movable knife 5 is made in the form of a set of cutting teeth 7 and protruding cutting teeth 8 protruding above them, mounted in a checkerboard pattern on a shaft 9 mounted parallel to the axis of the rolls 2 and 3 rotatably. The stationary knife 6 is made in the form of a comb, mounted horizontally and has notches 10 for the passage of the slotted teeth 8. The rolls 2 and 3 are additionally kinematically connected by mechanical transmission (not shown) to the shaft 9 of the movable knife 5 so that the period of rotation of the rolls 2 and 3 by one step t between the longitudinal rows of pins 4 corresponds to the period of rotation of the slotted teeth 8 also by one step t%. The pitch S of the arrangement of the spikes 4 in the transverse and longitudinal rows is the same and equal to

tgf,

where / (2-4 is the density ratio factor for the spikes; t is the plate thickness; and 25-35 ° is the angle of the spike cone.

The spikes 4 in the transverse and longitudinal rows of each of the rolls 2 and 3 are located relative to each other in a staggered order, i.e. with an offset of 0.5 S. The cutting 7 and slotted 8 teeth have a rectangular shape in plan and their width b corresponds to a pitch (3 transverse rows of studs 4. The cutting tooth 7 has an end cutting edge 11, and the slotted tooth 8 has a front cutting edge 12 and side cutting edges 13. The cutting tooth 8 is angled ahead of the cutting tooth 7 by angle (3 10 -15 ° The notches 10 of the fixed knife 6 are U-shaped in plan, their width S with sponds to step (h cross

0

0 0 5

five

0

five

0

five

a row of studs 4, and a depth d corresponds to a pitch / 1 of a longitudinal row of studs 4. A flywheel 14 is mounted on the shaft 9 of the movable knife 5. The kinematic connection of the drive of the rolls 2 and 3 with the shaft 9 of the movable knife 5 can be made in the form of a gear 15 (Fig. 4), as well as other known means. The pitch (3 of the location of the transverse rows of studs 4 can be equal to the pitch t of the longitudinal rows of studs 4, and their values are chosen from the specific crushing conditions and selection of the sizes of the separated fragments of the composite material plate. The drive (Fig. 4) includes a gearbox 16, an electric motor 17, flywheel 18, gimbal 19 and clutch 20.

On the shaft 9 of the rolling knife 5 can be installed one block (Fig. 1) cutting 7 and 8 slotted teeth, or several, equally spaced around the circumference. One unit can have three teeth; one slotted 8 and two side cutting 7 (Fig. 2) or the other more teeth, consistent with the number of transverse rows of studs 4 on the rolls 2 and 3.

The device works as follows.

After starting the drive through kinematic gears, the rotation is transmitted to the upper 2 and lower 3 rolls, as well as to the movable knife 5. The rolls 2 and 3 rotate towards each other and pick up the supplied composite material with spikes 4. In this case, the spikes are pressed into the plate at the top and bottom in a checkerboard pattern, as a result of which a notch of the required size occurs, which determines the separation contours due to two-sided perforation of the plate. Under the influence of the pressing force, the composite material begins to delaminate, since in the zone of introduction of spikes 4, having the shape of a cone and located on rolls 2 and 3 in a checkerboard pattern, the outer layers of the composite are mixed with each other, which leads to a significant weakening of its anisotropy. - chesky properties. At this stage, a significant weakening of the jumpers of the fragments to be separated is achieved.

After processing in rollers 2 and 3, the composite enters for final crushing into the zone of action of the movable 5 and fixed b knives, where it is subjected to destruction. When the contours of the material lintels coincide with the U-shaped notches of the fixed knife 6, the slotted teeth 8 strike the composite in the area of the notches of the fixed knife 6, thereby destroying the longitudinal and transverse jumpers and separating the material fragments in a checkerboard pattern.

Then, cutting teeth 7 are struck, which destroy the remaining transverse

jumpers and also, in a checkerboard pattern, separate the remaining fragments. The cutting edges of the 11-13 teeth 7 and 8, in addition to the impact, carry out cutting along a contour weakened by perforation / similar to the contour of the ridge corresponding to the profile of the fixed knife 6 in plan.

Additional power to destroy the composite material is provided by flywheels 14 and 15.

The crushing process takes place continuously.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for crushing plates made of composite materials on polymer a base comprising a drive disposed on the frame and a pair of pull rollers mounted thereto for rotation opposite each other, behind which there is a stationary knife in the form of a comb and a movable knife in the form of a set of teeth fixed in a checkerboard pattern on a shaft mounted parallel to the axis rolls and kinematically associated with drive rolls, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of crushing plates from multilayer composite materials on a polymer base, the rolls are made with cones in the form of a cone to pre-destroy the plate along the line corresponding to the contour of the comb. Ј L L L LLL LD V b v v 7v b v v VvvvvVv M0-8ffD / 7 / g & cl71 / ma FIG. 2 figs / 4-Е Js l