SU1532476A1 - Apparatus for pneumatic transportation of raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the pneumatic transportation of bulk materials, in particular the bulk components of the glass batch, and can be applied in the glass industry for the preparation of glass batch. The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability. This is achieved by the fact that the device is equipped with a switch 11 of pneumatic lines, a block 50 for selecting the direction of transport and a block 51 for setting weight, allowing to adjust the mass of the dosing portion of raw material depending on the pressure of compressed air in the common line and the length and height difference of the route. and traffic jams for applicable process conditions. 2 hp f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the pneumatic transportation of bulk materials, in particular the bulk components of a glass batch, and can be used in glass compaction for the preparation of a glass batch.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability.

FIG. 1 shows the functional diagram of the device; in fig. 2 is a functional diagram of the unit for selecting the direction of transportation; in fig. 3 - functional block diagram set mass.

A device for pneumatic conveying of raw materials contains a chamber pump 1 with an aerated bottom, mounted above the chamber pump 1, a hopper 2, bunkers-precipitators 3 and 4 connected to the chamber pump 1 by means of pneumatic lines 5, 6 and 7 with shut-off valves 8, 9 and 10, pneumatic switch 11, air distributors 12-15, charging valve 16 of chamber pump 1, charging cylinder pneumatic cylinder 17, line air pressure sensor 18, chamber air pressure sensor 19, chamber mass sensor 20, unit 21 mass conversions, sensor 22 of the upper level of the hopper, sensor 23 of the lower level of the hopper, sensor 24 of the upper level of the bunker-precipitator 3, sensor 25 of the lower level of the bunker-precipitator 3, sensor 26 of the upper level of the bunker-precipitator 4, sensor 27 of the lower level of the bunker -sadder 4, sensors 28 and 29 of the position of the air line switch, thyristor starters 30 of the first air distributor, 31 of the second air distributor, 32 of the third air distributor, 33 of the fourth air distributor, 34 s, 35 of the first shut-off valve, 36 of the second shut-off valve and 37 of the third shut-off valve, actuators 38 of the first air distributor, 39 of the second air distributor, 40 of the third air distributor, 41 fourth air distributor, 42 pneumatic circuit switches, 43 of the first locking valve, 44 of the second locking valve and 45 the third shut-off valve unit 46 forming

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signals for unloading and purging, block 47 for enabling automatic operation, block 48 for loading and preparing for unloading, block 49 for generating alarms, block 50 for selecting the direction of transport, and block 51 for specifying masses.

The transport direction selection unit 50 is designed to switch the pneumatic conveying flows and to form a corrective action on the weight of the dosing portion depending on the direction of transport. The block 50 consists of elements 2I 52-57, elements 2ILI 58 and 59, amplifying elements 60, 61 and 62 and the transport direction switch 63.

(Mass setting unit 51 is designed to adjust the weight of the portion to be dosed depending on the magnitude of compressed air pressure in the common line and depending on the direction of transport, as well as to generate a signal about the end of loading of the chamber. Mass setting block 51 from scaling elements 64-67, comparators 68 and 69, and voltage adjuster 70.

Level sensors SUS-14 can be used as sensors 22-27.

As a pressure sensor 19, an electrocontact pressure gauge of the type EKM-IV-V with two pressure setting devices (upper and lower) can be used.

As a pressure sensor 18, an absolute pressure bellows electric pressure gauge type MAS-E2 can be used.

As a mass sensor 20, a sensor measuring resistor type 1909 can be used.

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As a weight converter unit 21, a signal converter of the 1909PL type tensor resistor sensor can be used.

The device works as follows.

In the initial state, the inlet valve 16 of the chamber pump 1 is closed, the switch of the pneumatic lines 11 is in the position connecting the chamber pump 1 with the precipitator hopper 3, the shut-off valves B and 9 are open, compressed air (pressure 4-8 atm)

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It does not come from the common line, because the voltage on the actuators 38, 39, 40 and 41 of the distributors 12, 13, 14 and 15 is not received.

Before starting up the system, the transport direction is selected in block 50. In the initial state, the transport is carried out in a silo-precipitator 3

The commissioning of the system is carried out by the block 46 of the formation of the signals for discharge and purge in the presence of the following enabling signals:

there is permission to start from block 47

material level in boot booker 2 is minimum (signal from sensor 23);

chamber pump 1 is not overflowed (signal from sensor 20, converted in blocks 21 and 51),

silo-precipitator 3

not overflowed (signal from sensor 24, converted in block 50);

the air pressure in the common line is normal (the signal from sensor 18, converted in block 51) ..

When transporting raw materials to the precipitator bunker 4, there should be a resolution — the precipitator bunker 4 is not overflowed (the signal from sensor 26, converted in block 50).

The absence of one of these signals will not allow the chamber pump 1 to be put into operation in an automatic cycle.

After forming the start signal in block 46, the discharge and purge signals are formed. The command Unload and purge is sent to the thyristor actuator 30 of the air distributor 12. The air distributor T2 switches and the compressed air through air distributors 12 and 13 starts to flow into the chamber pump 1. Initially In the state, the air distributor 13 connects the compressed air to the chamber pump 1, and when energizing the actuator 39, the air distributor 13 cuts off the air from the chamber pump and 1 and connects it to the pneumatic cylinder 17 of the loading valve 16.

With the switch of the air distributor 12, the pneumatic system is purged for 5-10 seconds before the loading of the chamber pump 1 begins. Simultaneously from block 46, the command Discharge

and the purge enters an emergency signal block 49, where the time of a given process step, r, is compared with a predetermined time to prevent the formation of traffic jams and blockages.

The purge of the pneumatic system ends with the arrival of a signal to block 46

0 from the sensor 19 on the reduction of pressure in the chamber pump 1 to atmospheric. If the purge has ended on time, then from the output of block 46 to the input of block 48 of loading and preparation for unloading

5, permission is given to start filling the chamber pump 1. The filling of chamber pump 1 begins with the condition that there is an authorization for automatic operation, which arrives at unit 48.

With the presence of these signals in block 48 of loading and preparation for unloading, a team is formed, which from block 48 goes to thyristor

5, the actuator 31 of the air distributor 13 and to the alarm generation unit 49, where the time of the technological operation for loading the chamber pump 1 is monitored and compared with the specified one.

The thyristor actuator 31 supplies voltage to the actuator 39 of the air distributor 13, which disconnects the compressed air from the chamber pump 1 and supplies it to the pneumatic cylinder 17 of the loading valve 16. The valve 16 opens and the filling process of the chamber pump 1 begins, which is continuously monitored

0 using a mass measurement sensor 20, a mass conversion unit 21 and a mass setting unit 51. If the load time exceeds the set time, then from the alarm generation unit 49, the stop signal is sent to the automatic operation resolution unit 47. This stops the download and turns on the unloading and purging of the system with subsequent shutdown. The removal of the emergency state in block 49 takes place at the end of the purge and the signal to block 49 from the sensor 19 that the pressure in the chamber pump 1 is equal to atmospheric pressure.

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The loading of the chamber pump 1 may stop prematurely in the following situations:

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control load time istecto;

precipitator silo 3 (or 4) is full (signals from sensor 24 or 26, converted in block 50);

loading hopper 2 to chamber lock 1 (signal from sensor 23);

the pressure of compressed air in the common line is low (the signal from sensor 18, converted in block 51);

The Stop button was pressed in block 47: automatic operation enabled.

The presence of one of these signals (| in the block 47, switching; diagrams in an emergency situation, to stop filling the chamber-south pump and starting, unloading and leaving;), if during a premature stop due to overflow. bunker-precipitator 3 (or 4), then it is possible to automatically switch the circuit into operation without common leveling.

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weight. Optimally, the process of pneumatic transport of raw materials takes place at a pressure of compressed air in the common line of 6–8 atm. When the pressure is reduced to 4-6 atm, transportation of the same portion as at normal pressure leads to an increase in discharge time. In this case, it is possible to block the operation of the system according to the signals of block 49, since the transport time becomes comparable with the control time. The formation of obstruction is also possible. Therefore, when the pressure is reduced to 4-6 atm, it is advisable to reduce the mass of the dosed portion of the raw material. In block 51, the current mass is continuously compared with the target mass during the loading process of the chamber pump 1. The target varies depending on the magnitude of the compressed air pressure in the common line and on the length and difference of the BbicoT path. When changing the direction of transportation in the block

It is realized if the signal from sensor 22 (bunker 2 is full) switches to the input of block 47 25 50, and the signal from sensor 25 (or, if transportation is led to bunker-saddle 4) from the sensor 27 ) that the precipitator 3 (or 4) is not overfilled.

Restarting the 1new system into operation after it stops prematurely does not occur if the control loading or unloading time has expired, the air pressure in the general mag is small or the button b in block 47 is pressed.

 In the normal filling mode; (loading) of the chamber pump 1, loading stops when a given mass is reached in jcoce of the material. An analogue signal of the current mass is continuously transmitted during the loading process to a conversion unit 21, the masses, where it is converted into a unified current signal 0-5 mA. The signal 0-5 mA | From the output of block 21 is fed to the input | of the block 51 of the mass, where the signal proportional to the current mass is compared with the given one. Upon reaching | a given mass at the output of block 51, a discrete signal is reinforced, which is fed to blocks 46 and 48. The amount of raw material loaded into the chamber pump |

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NIN in block 51. Thus, the task for the mass of the dosed portion is differentiated depending on the air pressure and the length of the route.

Upon completion of loading in block 48 of loading and preparation for unloading, a command is formed on the thyristor starter 35, which supplies voltage to the actuator 43 of the shut-off valve 8. The shut-off valve 8 closes. Simultaneously with the end of the loading, the flap 16 is closed and the air distributor 13 switches the compressed water-air, which begins to flow into the chamber pump 1 through the upper nozzle and the aerating bottom. Aircraft the pressurized spirit is filtered through the bulk material, fluidizes it, and begins to displace into the pneumatic conduit. The pressure in the chamber pump 1 begins to grow. Upon reaching pressure in the chamber pump 1 above 4 atm, sensor 19 is triggered, from the second output of which the signal goes to the inputs of unit 48.

In block 48 loading and preparing for unloading, the command to close the check valve 8 is removed. Valve 8 opens and the process of unloading the raw material from chamber pump 1 begins. The material is displaced into the pneumatic line 5 and through the switch 11 pneumatic lines and a section of the pneumatic line 6 is transported to the bunker-precipitator 3 (or through the section of the pneumatic line 7 to the bunker-precipitator 4, if the switch 11 has been switched over); The unloading process ends with a drop in pressure in the chamber pump 1 to atmospheric pressure and purging the pneumatic system for 5-10 s. The purging process and the further operation of the circuit is similar to the pneumatic system operation after start-up.

If the process of unloading the raw material from the chamber pump 1 exceeds the allowable time, then in the alarm generation unit 49, this emergency is diagnosed and commands are generated warning the occurrence of obstructions and traffic jams in the air lines.

If the unloading time exceeds the allowable, and the air pressure in the pneumatic system is less than the working pressure (4-8 atm), then the output of the block 49 and the input of the block 48 receive a signal to form a command to the thyristor starter 35. The shut-off valve 8 is closed. Upon reaching the upper pressure value in the chamber pump 1, the shut-off valve 8 opens. Opening the shut-off valve 8 and depressurizing the chamber pump 1 simultaneously create a breakdown wave in the pneumatic conduit and loosen the material, if it remains, in the chamber pump 1. If during the double discharge time the blockage and stopping system does not stump the system. normal operation, the operation stop and alarm is generated in block 49.

If during the unloading process the unloading time increases, and the pressure in the pneumatic system is equal to the working one, then the signal from the second output of the sensor 19 blocks in block 49 the first blockage removal circuit (closing or opening the shut-off valve 8) and turns on the control circuit of the shut-off valve 9 (or 10, if the transportation is carried out in a silo-precipitator 4). At the output of block 49, a command is formed, which in block 50, depending on the direction of pneumatic conveying, is converted into commands for switching on thyristor starters 32, 36 or 33, 37. Actuators 40 and 44 of the air distributor 14 and actuators

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The valve 9 is activated (for the bunker-precipitator 4, this concerns the actuators 41 and 45 of the air distributor 15 and the shut-off valve 10). The shut-off valve 9 (or 10) is closed, and compressed air begins to flow into the pneumatic line 6 (or 7) through the air distributor 14 (or 15). In the pneumatic line 6 (or 7), an overpressure is created between the check valves 9 (or 10) and the resulting plug. This pressure is then dramatically reduced to atmospheric pressure by closing the air distributor 14 (or 15) and opening the shut-off valve 9 (or 10). A sharp drop in pressure creates in the pneumatic conduit a wave of destruction, which, passing through the plug, transforms the compacted material into a fluidized state. Cork is destroyed. The cycle ends with the pressure drop in the chamber pump 1 to atmospheric.

When the precipitator 3 is filled and in the absence of raw material consumption, the pneumatic system is switched off. However, the presence of an additional precipitator bunker 4 allows you to switch the direction of transport using the pneumatic piping switch 1. It should be borne in mind that switching the direction of transportation may change the conditions of transportation, since a new route may have a large length or a greater elevation difference. The switching is carried out using the transport direction switch in block 50. The command determined by the position of the switch from block 50 through the thyristor starter 34 and the actuator 42 switches the switch 11. In the initial state, the sensor 28 detects that the transport can be bunker-precipitator 3. After switching, the signal from the switch position sensor 28 disappears, and the signal from sensor 29 appears. The signals from sensors 28 and 29 in block 50 are determined. Which actuators should be given commands and from which bunker-precipitators to take signals about the material level. When the direction of transportation is changed, unit 50 corrects in block 51 a task for the weight of the portion to be dosed.

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Block 50 operates as follows M.

In the initial position, the switch of the choice of the direction of transport is in the position, the entrance of the reinforcing element 60 is disconnected from the case. At the same time, at the output of the amplifying element 60, there is no command for switching P1; the switch is 11 pneumatic lines; In the initial position, the switch position of the switch 28 is driven, and at the output of the sensor 29 there is 2m. Signals about the level of material in precipitator bins 3 are received at the inputs of elements 2И 52-55

4, but information on the levels of material only of the storage tank of the silo to which the material is transported, the initial state to the second entrance, is transferred to blocks 46 and 47.

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of the elements 52 and 54 there is a signal from the sensor 28; therefore, from the output of the elements 52 and 54, signals about the upper and lower levels in the precipitator silo 3

OR 58 and 59 are received

blocks 46 and 47. At the second inputs of the shears 53 and 55 in the initial state there is no signal from the sensor 29; therefore, the signals of the upper and lower levels of the bunker-precipitator 4 do not pass ifiT to the second inputs of the OR elements

8 and 59 and further to blocks 46 and 47. With

imputation of the direction of transportation normally open contact

The switch 63 connects the input of the jittelement element 60 to the ground bus

ITO is equivalent to elements with a polo | (positive supply logic for input 60 of zero potential, which is a command. At the output of amplifying element 60, an itomand is formed which switches the switch 11 into the alternate position through the thyristor starter 34 and actuator 42. In the new position | the transportation is carried out in the bunker-0, the sender 4. Now, by a signal from the dates

The upper and lower 50 0–5 mA signal proportional to the level of the silo-precipitator 4 is transmitted to blocks 46 and 47, and the signals about the level in the silo-precipitator 3 are not transmitted to blocks 46 and 47.

When changing the direction of transporting, the other (switching) contact of switch 63 also switches, which is connected with the block of pressure of compressed air in the common line. Element 65 is also a variable resistance of 2 kΩ. A regulated rc power input resistance of the element 65 signal 0-10 V is applied to the second input of the comparator 68. At the same time, the lower the air pressure in the common line, the lower the voltage from the output of the elec

com 51 and changes in it the task for the weight of the portion to be dosed.

If an emergency situation occurs during the unloading process, during which the output of block 49 generates an alarm signal including a circuit for the formation of a block breaking wave, then block 50 switches commands to turn on air distributors 14 and 15 and shut-off valves 9 and 10 depending on switch position T1.

In the initial state, if there is a signal from the sensor 28, the command from the alarm generation unit 49 goes through the 2I 56 element to the amplifying element 62 and then to the thyristor, actuators 32 and 36 of the actuators 40 and 44 .. A wave of destruction is formed in the pneumatic line 6 .

If the transportation of material is carried out in a bunker-precipitator

4, the command to form a wave of destruction from block 49 passes through element 2I 57 to amplifying element 61 and further to thyristor starters 33 and 37 of executive mechanisms

mov 41, and.45. A wave of destruction is formed in the air line 7.

UNIT 51 operates as follows. An analog 0-5 mA signal from the mass conversion unit 21 is fed to

A: First voltage scaling element 64. Element 64 is a variable resistance of 2 kΩ. A variable voltage resistor output of 0-10 V is applied to the input of the comparator 68. The second input of the comparator 68 is supplied with a reference signal either from the output of the voltage scaling element 65 or from the element 66. In the initial state, the switching contact the switch 63 of the unit 50, the second input of the comparator-68 is connected to the output of the element 65. The element 65 is supplied from the sensor 18 analog

The pressure of compressed air in the common line. Element 65 is also a variable resistance of 2 kΩ. With adjustable controllability resistance element 65. a 0-10 V signal is applied to the second input of the comparator 68. In this case, the lower the air pressure in the common line, the lower the voltage from the output of the element 65 to the second input of the comparator 68. At the output of the comparator 68, a discrete signal is formed when the signals are equal to The first and second inlets, which fixes the end of the load, are, therefore, the lower the pressure of compressed air and the lower the voltage at the second input of the comparator, the smaller should be the compared voltage at the first stroke of the comparator 68, i.e. with a lower pressure of compressed air, the mass of the metered portion of raw material should be less in the chamber pump 1. If the direction of pneumatic conveying changes, it is necessary to introduce a correction for the mass assignment of the metered and transported portion. In this case, when transporting to the bunker-precipitator 4 is switched, the switch contact of the switch 63 connects the second input of the comparator 68 with the adjustable voltage divider 66 and turns off the adjustable divider 65. In this case, you can set a different division factor for the variable resistance of the divider 66 and, therefore, another level of the threshold voltage of the comparator 68.

The voltage proportional to the pressure of the compressed air in the common line from the output of the voltage divider 67 is additionally supplied to the first input of the second comparator 70. When the pressure drops below the set value, there is no signal at the output of the comparator 69 The air pressure of the in-common line is normal. A potentiometric driver can be used as the setting unit 70.

Thus, the proposed device makes it possible to adjust the weight of the dosed portion of the raw material depending on the compressed air pressure in the common line and the length and height difference of the route, to reduce the likelihood of blockages and traffic jams under varying technological conditions and to increase the reliability of pneumatic conveying.

Claims (3)

1. A device for pneumatic conveying of raw materials, comprising a feed hopper with a feed gate and a pneumatic drive, a chamber pump with an aerating bottom. 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 five settling bunker connected to the hopper by means of pneumatic lines with shut-off valves, the actuators of which are connected to one thyristor starters, air distributors, actuators which are connected to other thyristor starters, air pressure sensors in the line and in the chamber pump , level sensors in - the loading bunker and the bunker-precipitator, the block forming the signals of discharge and purge, to one of the outputs of which one of the inputs of the resolution block is connected automatically operation and loading and preparation unit for unloading, connected by a second input to one of the outputs of the alarm generation unit, the second and third outputs of which are connected respectively to the second input of the automatic operation resolution unit and the first input of the discharge and blowing signal generation unit, and the first, second , the third and fourth inputs of the alarm generation unit are connected respectively to the outputs of the air pressure sensor in the chamber pump, the second port of the discharge signal generation unit and the output the first and the output of the loading and preparing unit for unloading, the third and fourth inputs of which are connected respectively to the output of the air pressure sensor. in the chamber pump and the first output of the permission block; automatic operation, the third and fourth inputs of which are connected respectively to the upper sensors and the lower level of the loading bunker, and the second output - to the second input of the block forming the shutter speed and purge, the third input of which is connected to the output of the sensor of the lower level of the loading bunker, so that in order to increase reliability, it is equipped with additional thyristor actuators and installed between the shut-off valve of the first bunker-precipitator and the chamber pump and a switch of pneumatic lines connected to the position sensors, communicated by another input through a pipeline with a shut-off valve, an additional bunker-precipitator with level sensors and air distributor, actuators last of which the shut-off valves of the additional bunker-precipitator are connected to the corresponding additional thyristor actuators installed in the chamber pump, a mass measurement sensor with an output converter connected to one of the inputs of the mass reference unit, the second input of which is connected to the air pressure sensor output in the line, and the first and second outputs are connected respectively to the fourth input of the shutter shaping and blowing unit, the fifth input of the loading and preparing unit for unloading, and the fifth input of the block in the formation of shutter speeds and blowdowns and the resolution of automatic operation, the transportation direction selection unit, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the mass setting unit, and the second, third, fourth and fifth outputs are connected respectively to the thyristor actuators of the first distributors and shut-off valves of the first and additional bunker precipitators, the sixth and seventh inputs of the automatic operation resolution unit and the sixth input of the holding and blowing unit, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh inputs are connected respectively to the position sensors of the pneumatic actuator switch, the level sensors of the first and additional precipitator bins and the fourth output of the alarm generation unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the transport direction selecting unit includes a direction selection switch, AND elements, the inputs of each of which are first, second. about 5 g Q five the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh inputs of the block, the OR elements, the inputs of the first of which are connected to the outputs of the first and second elements AND, the second to the outputs of the third and fourth elements AND, and the outputs of the first and second elements OR the sixth and second outputs of the block, amplifying elements, the input of one of which is connected via one closing contact of the transport direction selector switch to the housing, and the other contacts of the switch form the first output of the block, amplify the output of the first ceiling elements is formed by the fourth element unit output, the outputs of the fifth and the AND .shestogo Chen respectively connected to the inputs of the second and third amplifying elements, the outputs of which are formed the third and fifth unit outputs. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass setting unit contains comparators, a voltage sensor and scaling elements, the input of the first of which forms the second input of the block, comparators, one of the inputs of the first of which is connected to the output of the first scaling element , the third input of the block is formed by another input and output of the second and third scaling elements, the first block input being formed by the inputs of the second, third and fourth scaling elements, and the output of the fourth scaling element conn chen to one of the inputs of the second comparator, the second input of which is connected to the voltage setting unit, and outputs the first and second comparators are formed respectively first and second block outputs.