SU1509194A1 - Method of and tool for working deep bores - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to metal cutting. The purpose of the invention is to improve the machining accuracy by reducing the transverse and angular oscillation of the tool. Parts 1 report rotation, and tool 2, translational motion. The tool 2 is based on the surface of the hole to be machined with the help of two rows of guides in the form of rolling bodies 3 and 4. The body 5 of the tool 2 is located on a row of supporting elements in the form of rolling bodies interacting through the supporting rings 7 with adjacent rows of guide elements. When machining the hole in the part 1, a series of guiding elements 4 is reported to rotate in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the elements 3, the frequency of rotation of the guiding elements 3 4 being equal to the frequency of rotation of the part. The separator 10 of the first row of rolling bodies prevents them from disintegrating on the body 5, and the other separator from the mounting side of the body 5 on the stem part is a sleeve 8 placed concentrically to the body 5 and rotating relative to it. 2 sec. and 4 hp f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

- N V H H H H H H Y N N H H S S H H H H H O U H H H H O U H H H

-

h

v

sd

oh o

with

. . . h S, V, h v,

figl

The invention relates to metal cutting.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the machining accuracy by reducing the transverse and angular oscillation of the tool.

FIG. 1 shows a tool for processing deep holes and a kinematic diagram of the method; in fig. 2 is a diagram of elimination of the hole cross-section error; in fig. 3 - double-bladed head; in fig. 4 — node I in FIG. 3; in fig. 5 - installation diagram of the tool on the machine.

Details 1 report movement with a frequency of "8 and to the tool (drill with cutting blades) 2 - forward movement S. Drill 2 on the surface of the hole to be machined is based on the area / section, two rows of directional elements which can be made both in the form of carbide keys, and in the form of bodies 3 and 4 rolling (balls). During the machining of the holes, the body 5 with fixed cutting blades is oriented fixedly with respect to the part 1 and the row of bodies 3 and 4 of rolling. The housing 5 of the drill 2 is located on a row of supporting elements in the form of rolling bodies 6, which interact only with the surface of this housing 5 and through the support rings 7 with adjacent rows of guide elements. The guiding elements in the form of rolling bodies 3 and 4 interact simultaneously with the part and with the support rings 7. When machining the holes in the part I, a number of the guide elements 4 communicate a rotational movement with a frequency "3", which is carried out by means of a long sleeve 8. The rolling bodies 3, pressed by the cutting forces to the surface of the hole of the part I, move at a peripheral speed determined by the frequency of rotation of the part. The rolling bodies 3 roll freely along the rolling tracks of the support rings 7 mounted on the housing with an annular gap. The circumferential forces acting on the bodies 3 and 4 of the roll of the first and second rows of the drill 2 are perceived through the support rings 7 by the middle (common) row of guide bodies 6 of the roll. The latter have a free frequency of rotation and allow freedom of circumferential movement on the surface of the housing 5 only under the action of rolling forces acting in the areas of contact of the rolling bodies and supporting surfaces (raceways). Due to the fact that the rolling forces are practically insignificant due to the small rolling coefficient, characterized by a value in the K 0,0001-0.005 range, the radial forces causing displacements of the rolling bodies 6 in the middle row reach an insignificant value.

The middle row of guiding roll bodies develops a frequency at which equilibrium of radial forces is reached,

0 5

0

five

0

five

0

five

adjacent adjacent rail guides. The radial force equilibrium is promoted by the implementation of the rotational motion of the rolling bodies 4, mutually opposite to the direction of motion of the first row with a frequency Лв equal to the rotation frequency of the part 1 and the guide bodies 3 rolling. After the next rotation of the part 1, the axis O of the tool remains practically unchanged.

When rotating with a frequency n of guide elements 3 of the first row of the second, the surface error encountered during processing is traced, then the second row with the guide elements 4 rotating with the frequency Ht opposite the first and with equal frequency of rotation relative to the part 1, leads to the equation of displacements OFi / i and caused by the base of a series of guide elements on the surface of the hole with a primary fault. When kinematic compensation of displacements of the O axis of the housing is formed, a hole with a virtual radius g is formed with a calibrating cutter tip, and the further occurrences of an increase in the hole failure of the part 1 tend to zero values throughout the entire machining cycle.

The tool has a series of guides of supporting elements 3, 6 and 4 successively located on the body, and a unit for adjusting the diametrical size along the guide elements, the cutting unit in the form of a drill 2 installed in the front part of the body 5. Between each two adjacent rows of guides The supporting elements 3 and 4 are installed a number of supporting elements 6, interacting only with the housing 5.

In this case, the rolling bodies of the rows of supporting elements interact with the raceways of the rings 7, the sleeve 8 and the rings 9. The rings are installed with a certain annular gap on the housing 5. The separator 10 of the first row of rolling bodies 3 prevents them from disintegrating on the housing 5, and the other separator on the mounting side of the housing 5 on the stem part is a long sleeve 8, which is arranged concentric with the housing 5.

In addition, a lengthy sleeve 8 is mounted on the housing 5 rotatably with respect to the housing. The end of the sleeve 8 is connected with one replaceable sleeve 11 by means of another replaceable sleeve 11. The diametrically sized adjustment unit along the tool guide elements includes a cylindrical slotted spring 12 and a measuring ring gasket 13, and in another embodiment of the design (FIG. 5) the pressure unit is made in the form of a spring and a pressure nut 14.

FIG. The 4 end of the long sleeve 8 has the ability, through the support ring 7, to contact the raceway with alternately placed rings 15 made of friction material. The rings 15 are freely placed on the body 5 and rest on the ends of the support rings 9 of the first row of directional elements 3.

The length of the sleeve 8 of the tool along the length can be made integral. The articulation of the individual parts of the sleeve 8 is carried out using protrusions a, made on their ends, and corresponding slots. The matings on the side surfaces of the protrusions a and the grooves are made directly along the inclined sides b, which provide gapless transmission of the torque from the machine drive. In the area of this articulation of parts, on the inner surface of the sleeve there is a cylindrical gutter, covering the surface of the body along the running fit.

The support section provides the centering of the component parts along the length of the housing 5 and performs the additional function of distributed supports of the long sleeve 8, which increases the stability of this sleeve as a whole.

When setting the tool for operation by selecting the gasket 13 or turning the nut 14 of the press-off unit, the diameter of the guide elements of the tool is set above the diameter of the two-cutter block installed in the housing 5. At this, the established diameter excess of the guide elements 3 and 4 provides a preliminary when the tool is inserted into the machined hole of the part, and the use of a cylindrical slotted spring 12 installed between the ends of the long sleeve 8 and the support ring 9 ensures an elastic moving the rolling bodies in the radial direction.

In the case of the tool (Fig. 4) with alternating rings 15 of friction materials, the force of pressing of these rings, which occurs on the rubbing ends, is also adjusted. The clamping force of the rings 15 is established due to the compliance of the springs 12 and the longitudinal rigidity (elasticity) of the cylindrical shell 0, made simultaneously as a separator part, with which the tool guides 4 are rotated.

The cutting forces acting from the rotating part 1, on the surface of which the tool is based during processing, are transmitted through bodies of 3 and 4 rolls to the support rings 9 and 7. The axial components of the reactions of these cutting forces from the block are perceived by a number of supporting elements 6, interacting only with the housing 5, and pressing radial forces from these axial components to the surface of the housing 5. At the same time, the housing 5 perceives a smaller load, the size of which depends on the combination of external and internal angles of inclination awns raceways

support rings 9 and 7.

The tool (Fig. 4) has created conditions for regulating the absolute number of revolutions of the rolling elements 6, which are located on the average row. The regulation of the revolutions of these rolling elements 6 is carried out by forces

the friction arising from the transmission of axial forces from the support rings 9 and the long sleeve 8. At the same time, the resulting torsional oscillations of the tool body, perceived separately stationary relative to the part 1 and the long sleeve 8 by the housing 5, act on the angular displacements of the rings 15. The difference in angular turns is extinguished by the frictional forces at the ends between the mats on the friction rings 15.

Claims (6)

1. A method for processing deep holes in which a tool and parts are reported 5, the relative movements of rotation and axial movement, and the tool are based on the machined surface by means of guide elements arranged in two rows, characterized in that, in order to increase the processing accuracy, each p 0 of the guide elements is reported to rotate in the opposite direction, and the frequency of their rotation is equal to the frequency of rotation of the part. 2. A tool for processing deep 5 holes, comprising successively located on the bearing blade cutting body two rows of guide elements in the form of rolling bodies mounted in support rings and held by a separator, The support rings are mounted for interoperability with a pressure assembly, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy, the tool is provided with a sleeve biased 5 that is rotatably with respect to the housing and connected through the front side opposite to the attachment of the cutting blades. with a number of guiding elements placed on the side opposite to the attachment of the cutting blades, and between a series of guiding elements a number of supporting elements in the form of rolling elements installed with possibility of reacting with the housing. 3. The tool according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with friction rings mounted on the housing with the possibility of interaction with the end of the sleeve and the support rings. 4. The tool according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with a dimension) A 4 in the case on the side of attachment of the cutting blades and on the opposite side with rolling bodies for mounting the sleeve. 5. The tool of claim 2, wherein plots intended to be based on the hull. 6. Instrument on PP. 2 and 3, characterized in that the separator is made in the form of an elastic that the sleeve is made composite, and in the zone r of the cylindrical shell and is installed with the air of the composite sections on the internal interaction with the friction surfaces of the sleeve, they are made cylinder-rings and sleeve. plots intended to be based on the hull. 6. Instrument on PP. 2 and 3, characterized in that the separator is made in the form of an elastic v s X but I h  , Fig.Z J W 37   -y 1 i B j FIG. five 12 4