SU1470223A1 - Apparatus for separating root and tuber crops from soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for separating root crops from soil impurities. The aim of the invention is to increase the completeness of separation and the productivity of separation of root and tuber crops from impurities. The device consists of cylinders 1, on the inner surface of which cells 2 are fixed. Cylinders 1 have increasing diameters which enter each other with overlapping. On the outer surface of the cylinders there are mounted roller-roller chains 3, which rest on the sprockets 4. The sprockets are driven in rotation from the drive shaft. To supply the separating heap and cleaned root crops, trays 7.8 are installed, and conveyor 9 is used to remove impurities. The pile is fed through tray 7 to cylinder 1, where as it rotates with cells 2 clumps of soil are dragged upwards, where they fall onto conveyor 9 and outflow and root crops are falling. Due to the inclination of the cellular cylinder, the root-and-vegetable crops pass through all available cylinders, while being cleaned of soil impurities. 2 hp ff, 2 ill.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to devices for separating impurities from long-growing roots, such as carrots.

The aim of the invention is to increase the completeness of separation and the productivity of separation of root and tuber crops from impurities.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed device; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. one.

The device consists of cylinders 1, on the inner surface of which cells 2 are fixed. Cylinders 1 have diameters that increase along the technological process and enter each other with overlapping. On their outer surface there are mounted roller-roller chains 3, with the help of which they are supported and held against axial displacement by sprockets 4 located on common shafts 5 and 6. The diameter of sprockets 4 depends on the diameter of the cylinders 1 themselves. informs cylinders 1 spinning motion.

Trays 7 and 8 are installed for supplying the separated heap and removal of peeled root crops, and conveyor 9 is installed for removal of soil impurities. On the conveyor 9 for removal of soil impurities, the receiving visor 10 is stepped, which ensures reliable trapping of soil lumps despite different cylinder diameters.

The device works as follows.

The loading tray 7 feeds a pile of root crops and soil lumps into the first cylinder 1. As a result, the differences in length between the roots and soil lumps, as the cylinder 1 rotates, the latter are dragged by the cells 2 to a greater height, where they fall on the conveyor 9, and the roots fall down, after which the separation process is repeated

again.

Thus, due to the inclined cell surface, a heap passes through all the available cylinders. In the process, the roots and tubers are cleaned of soil impurities and come down to tray 8. On the one hand, the process of lumping soil into cells in the area H (Fig. 2) depends on the linear velocity separating over

and, on the other hand, the separation process of the fruit and vegetable crops in area S depends on its angular velocity.

Thus, the angular velocity of the cellular surface should not exceed the speed at which the separation process is disturbed, and the heap, under the action of centrifugal forces, begins to move around the circumference.

Linear velocity affects the separation of the roots as follows. The greater the clump of soil, the less should be the speed of the separating surface, at which it reliably falls into the cell. It may be noted that the conditions of the soil clumping in the cell deteriorate with decreasing amount of the separated heap. It also requires a reduction in the linear speed of the separation surface along the process. For a more complete separation of impurities from the root and tuber crops, it is necessary to have a linear speed of the separating surface, at which the largest single lumps can fall into the cells. But on the other hand, the speed of the separating surface determines the performance of the device.

The sectional separator simultaneously improves the completeness of the separation of soil impurities from the root and tuber crops and improves the performance of such devices. This is due to a stepwise decrease in the speed of the cellular surface from the maximum possible (for the first section), limited by centrifugal force, to the optimum (for the last), corresponding to the best dropping into the cells of the largest soil lumps of heaps. In addition, with a stepwise change in the speed of movement of the separating surface, a more uniform loading of the device along the length occurs.

Since the cylinder is driven from a common shaft, the condition must be met:

D, d

D + d.

 D, - r,

where D,, D, ..., D are the diameters of the cylinders;

d./d, ..., d - diameters when-, -. water stars of these cylinders.

Claims (3)

1. A device for separating root crops from soil impurities, containing a cylindrical cellular surface obliquely along the process, a soil-collecting conveyor loading and discharging devices, characterized in that, in order to increase the completeness of separation and productivity, the cylindrical surface is formed by a set of cylinders diameters that increase over the course of the process and overlap one another into another eu 14702234 sprockets on common shafts, the diameters of which decrease as the diameter of the cylinders increases. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the cylinders and the diameters of the sprockets are related by D, d, “dj d. . where d ft  0 „cylinder diameters; d ,, dj, .. ,, dj, are the diameters of the drive sprockets. 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the diverter is applied 1 and the device is embodied as a conveyor with a stepped receiving visor. Editor N. Bobkova Compiled by A.Morozov Tehred L. Serdyukova Proofreader C, Cherni Order 1413/2 Circulation 618 VNIIPI State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries at the State Committee on Science and Technology of the USSR 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5 F1 / G.2 Subscription