SU1294307A1 - Apparatus for cleaning and sorting root and tuber crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for cleaning and sorting potatoes under conditions of long-term storage. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of sorting new potatoes. In the device for cleaning and sorting of root crops inside the cylindrical rods of drums 1 and 2 on the cantilever parts of the shafts 12 and 18 entering into these drums, trellis drums 26 and 27 are fixed and aligned with them. These drums are made in the form of a truncated cone of the concentric rings 28, interconnected by generators 29.In the inside of the drums a screw is fixed on “(L .2 2

Description

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Governing 30, the distance between the rings on different parts of the drums is not the same and corresponds to the size of potatoes of different fractions. The smallest distance between the rings at the base of the reels, the greatest - at its top. In the inter-drum inner space, the pitched and unloading trellised trays 36, which are made of different lengths, are fixed.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for cleaning and sorting potatoes, which have been in long-term storage conditions.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of sorting new potatoes.

Fig. 1 shows a device for cleaning and sorting a root canopy of 1 FRUITS, the general view in Fig. 2 is the same, the view in the plan of Fig. 3 is view A in Fig. 2 (from the discharge trays) J in Fig. 4 - Section BB in FIG.

The device contains two cylindrical drums 1 and 2, consisting of rubberized rods 3 and shells 4 and 5. In the lower part, the drums 1 and 2 are supported on rollers 6, which roll in supporting shells 4, having a grooved shape. The rotation of the drums is carried out by means of a chain transmission consisting of a sprocket 7 mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox 8, which through coupling 9 is connected to the electric motor 10 of the sprocket 11 mounted on the end of the drive shaft 12 of the drum 1, chain 13. Other the end of the shaft 12 is fixed in the hub 14 of the shell 5 of the drum 1.

On the shaft 12, next to an asterisk 11, there is an asterisk 15, which by means of the chain 16 transmits a torque through an asterisk 17, mounted on the shaft 18 of the drum 2, the chain 16 is dressed on the asterisks 15 and 17 and supporting the asterisks 19 so that the drums 1 and 2 rotate in opposite directions from the guide 20.

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s are located each under a certain part of the cone drum. When the device is in operation, the potato enters the gap between the rotating drums 1 and 2, is divided into fractions and enters the tray inside the lattice drums 26 and 27. Moving through them, it goes to the discharge trays 36 corresponding to this fraction, and then to the containers, 2 .P. f-ly, 4 ill.

The shaft 18, as well as the shaft 12, is fixedly mounted in the hub 14 of the shell 5 of the drum 2. On the shaft 18, an asterisk 21 is installed with an asterisk 17, which through the chain 22 transmits a cool moment to the asterisk 23 mounted on the roller shaft 24. Drum is a variable-pitch screw screwed between the drums in such a way that the axis of rotation of the drum is parallel to the axis of rotation of the drums 1 and 2, and with its lower part the drum touches the guide 20 fixedly mounted between the drums.

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Above the reels, both

sides of the roller 24, protective barriers are installed along the entire length of the drums 25.,

Inside the drums 1 and 2, on the cantilever parts of the shafts 12 and 18, which enter the cylindrical drums, are fixed and coaxially with them lattice, in the form of a truncated cone, the drums 26 and 27. The drums 26 and 27 are made of concentric rings 28 having round section, and four forming 29, which connect these rings to each other. The distance between concentric rings 28 at different sites is unequal and corresponds to the sizes of potatoes of different fractions: small and medium. The smaller distance between the rings at the larger base of the tapered drum and occupies this area, approximately 1/2 of its length.

 Inside the drums 26 and 27, a screw guide 30 is fastened. The drums 26 and 27 are mounted on shafts

12 and 18 with the aid of flanges 31 located in the center of the base of the conical drums. The flanges are fastened to the surface of the drums with the help of brackets 32 located radially from the center of the base to the surface of the drum. ,

Inside the drums 1 and 2, between the bases of the cylindrical and conical drums, on both sides of the guide 20 and between the bases of the conical drums and the shells 5 of the cylindrical drums, pitched trays 33 are fixed in the lower rear part of the device. The trays are fixed on the guide 20 and on the supporting beam 34. The trays are fixed in such a way that between the generators of cylindrical and conical ba

between rotating drums 1 and 2 Rotating in opposite directions, the drums divide the incoming pile into two layers. Capturing the potatoes with rubberized formers, the distance between them is equal to about the diameter of the largest fraction of new potatoes, the drum, therefore, distributes the incoming potatoes evenly over the entire working surface. This makes it possible to tear off new potatoes at the same time as everything that is between the drums of old potatoes. The separation of young potatoes from the old occurs as a result of the impact of the trimmed bars of the drums and the rotating state between the drums 1 and 2 of the roller 24, made in the form of a screw from the wines.

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Rabanov there is a gap. This provides a 20-round coiling. Separated young

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rotation of the drums.

In the lower inter-drum space, between the conical and cylindrical-IMD drums, on the brackets 35, trellis outflow trays 36, made of pro- longitudinal rods of round section, are fixedly fixed. The distance between the rods is smaller than smaller potatoes.

fractions.

The trays are made of different lengths and

each located under a specific part of the cone drum. The longest tray is placed from the larger base of the tapered drum to. the smaller base, the middle tray is located above the long from the middle part of the tapered drum to its smaller base, the short tray is located above the middle one at the smaller base of the tapered drum.

In the upper part of the device there is a storage hopper 37 and a pitched tray 38. At the unloading end of the cylindrical drums there is a pitched tray 39. Movable carriages 40 are provided for the old return potatoes, and for the young one there are containers 41. At the bottom of the device there is a horizontal belt conveyor 42

The device works as follows.

Potatoes that were in long-term storage conditions are loaded from the storage into hopper-drive 37, and i

between rotating drums 1 and 2. Rotating in opposite directions, the drums divide the incoming pile into two layers. By grabbing the potatoes with rubberized formers, the distance between them is approximately equal to the diameter of the largest fraction of new potatoes, the drum thereby distributing the incoming potatoes evenly over the entire working surface. This allows the potatoes to be cut off at the same time as the old potatoes between the drums. The separation of young potatoes from the old occurs as a result of the action of the cut-off rods of the drums and of the rollers 24 rotating between the reels 1 and 2, made in the form of auger from the wines

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thirty

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potatoes through the gaps between the generators fall into the inside of the drums on the pitched trays 33. On the pitched trays, the potatoes fall into the inside of the trellised conical drums 26 and 27 with the helical winding 30 inside. The drums 26 and 27, being fixedly mounted on the shafts 12 and 18 of the drums 1 and 2, rotate together with them, transport the incoming new potato screw guides from the large base of the drums to the unloading end. New potatoes, moving along the inner surface of conical drums through the gaps between rings 28, the distance between which corresponds to the size of potatoes of two fractions: small and medium, falls on the discharge trays 36 corresponding to this fraction, and then into containers 41. First, from a pile of new potatoes the roots of the small fraction are separated, since in the initial part of the conical drums the distance between the rings forming these drums corresponds to the sizes of the small fraction.

The distance between the rods in the second part of the cone drums corresponds to the size of the potatoes of the middle fraction, therefore, when moving along this part of the drum of the heap of new potatoes, the potatoes of the middle fraction will separate from it. On pitched tray 36, placed under the middle part of the conical drum, the potato enters the container 41.

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Potato coarse fraction falls on the discharge tray and then into the container through the discharge end - the top of the tapered drum. The new potatoes, moving in the inner surface of the cone drums, are cleaned of plant and soil residues that, waking up between the rings of the cone drums, the rods of the discharge trays and the cylindrical drums fall on the horizontal. The belt conveyor 42 is removed to the place of accumulation.

Processed old potatoes are transported by screw winding: Tsa 24, made in the form of an auger, along the surfaces of rotating cylindrical drums 1 and 2, along guide 20, which protects

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Unloading trays are made of trellis of different lengths and are located each under a certain part of the tapered drum. This allows priming the potatoes of the corresponding fractions on them and directing the plant residues to the belt conveyor.

Claims (3)

1. Device for cleaning and sorting of root and field crops, containing lattice cleaner made in the form of two cylindrical drums, with an forming roller made of rubber-coated rods, active roller, made in the form of auger, and located in the upper, outer inter-drum space, spilling potatoes between the drum-20 inside each of the drums, a horizontal belt conveyor mounted under the drums, a hopper, characterized in that, in order to improve  the quality of sorting new potatoes, inside each cylindrical drum, on the cantilever part of the shaft that goes inside this drum, is fixed and aligned with it 30 lattice drum made in the form of a truncated cone and consisting of concentric rings with a helical guide inside a in the inter-drum inner space fixed 35 fixed pitched grating trays. us, to the unloading tray 39. The tray brings the potatoes into the transport carts 40 and is sent for processing for livestock feed. A lattice cone drum consisting of concentric rings with a helical guide inside allows transporting, peeling of plant residues and splitting new potatoes coming after separating from the old potatoes with bars of cylindrical drums. The conical shape of the lattice drum placed inside a cylindrical rod drum mounted on an erd hub and coaxially with the NiMc allows to place between the two rotating drums of non-woven and discharging trays. The construction of a conical drum consisting of concentric rings, the distance between which is unequal in different areas and corresponds to the size of potatoes of two fractions, allows the potato to be divided into fractions when it is moved along the inner surface of the conical drum. 40 2. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the concentric rings on different parts of the tapered drum is not the same, with the shortest distance at the larger base of the tapered drum, and the largest at its smaller base. 3. The device according to Claim 1, which is designed in such a way that the unloading trellis trays are made of different lengths and are located each under the expansive part of the tapered drum. 45 Unloading trays are made of trellis of different lengths and are located each under a certain part of the tapered drum. This allows priming the potatoes of the corresponding fractions on them and directing the plant residues to the belt conveyor. Invention Formula 1. A device for cleaning and sorting of root-and-vegetable crops, containing a lattice cleaner made in the form of two cylindrical drums, with an forming roller made of rubber-coated rods, made in the form of an auger and located in the upper, outer inter-drum space, a sloping tray located 2. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the concentric rings on different parts of the tapered drum is not the same, with the shortest distance at the larger base of the tapered drum, and the largest at its smaller base. 3. The device according to Claim 1, which is designed in such a way that the unloading trellised trays are made of different lengths and are located each under the unloading part of the conical drum. 23 0 % g / ff 27 ig.d 42 28 VU2. Editor P. Geresi Compiled by V. Meshchersky Tehred A. Kravchuk Proofreader G. Reshetnik Order 405/1 Circulation 630 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and Polygraphic Enterprise, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4