RU2476056C2 - Rotary potato screener - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a plurality - 2, 3, 4 - equal crescent scoops-sorters equipped with replaceable gauge sieves. The scoops-sorters are attached to the cylindrical rims located at the ends of the drum. The drum has a truncated cone shape connected to the horizontally located shaft by spokes. In the area of the contour of the scoops-sorters fastening on the surface of the conical drum there are rectangular windows for the passage of tubers of the average fraction. The front part of the preceding and the back surface of the subsequent scoops-sorters are connected by a trough-shaped tray on which the tubers of the large fraction pass. For descent of small fraction of tubers on the outer surface of the conical drum there are guide plates, one of which is attached to the end of a gauge sieve, and the second - to the end of the back wall part of the scoop-sorter and unfolded against the rotor spinning.

EFFECT: simplifying the design of the device and increase of its operational performance.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for cleaning and sorting potatoes, table root crops, and can be used in other industries for separating finely crumbled materials into fractions or unloading them into small containers (containers).

A device is known (A01D 33/08, RF patent No. 2267902) made of many identical crescent-shaped sorting buckets fixed to the outer surface of a cylindrical drum. The main disadvantage of this technical solution is an imperfect inoperable device for receiving components of the sorted fraction and directing their flow into the container. At an increased rotational speed of the rotor, the tubers are scattered on the sides and fall outside the receiving area of the receiving trays. At the same time, part of the tubers is damaged.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the following technical problems:

- obtaining a reliable simple device for receiving the components of the sorted fraction and directing it to the container or to the discharge conveyor;

- the possibility of using the device as a loader of small and bulk materials;

- increased sorting performance by increasing the rotor speed and the number of sorting buckets;

- combination of the operation of capture, lifting and sorting of material by one working body;

- the possibility of further developing a self-propelled version of rotary sorting.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the analogue (A01D 33/08, RF patent No. 2267902) for rotary potato sorting containing many - 2, 3, 4 - identical sickle-shaped ladles - sortings equipped with replaceable calibration sieves, sorting ladles are fixed on cylindrical rims (rings) located at the ends of the drum, having the shape of a truncated cone, connected with a horizontally located shaft using knitting needles. At the same time, in the zone of the fastening of the sorting ladles on the surface of the conical drum, there are rectangular windows for the passage of medium-sized tubers, and the front part of the previous and the rear surface of the subsequent sorting ladles are connected to a trough-shaped tray along which the large fraction tubers come. For the removal of a small fraction of tubers on the outer surface of the conical drum there are guide plates, one of which is attached to the end of the calibrating sieve, and the second to the end of the rear (back) wall of the sorting bucket and bent against rotation of the rotor.

This kind of sorting ensures, first of all, a stable descent of potato tubers from the surface of the sorting sieves and their entry into the receiving trays. In this regard, the number of damaged tubers is reduced.

The sorting process is provided in the absence of a receiving hopper and a conveyor-feeder. The same working body separates a portion of the material from the main massif (heap, shoulder, roll), takes a portion, raises to the required height and during the lifting process divides the portion into fractions.

The intake device and sorting do not contain any moving parts, therefore, they are reliable and durable in operation. In necessary cases, it is possible to use the device in a self-propelled version. When picking tubers from a roll, the collar is advisable to hang rotor sorting on the tractor.

When used in loading operations, a plate of sheet steel is superimposed on the first (frontal) sorting sieve.

The drawing shows rotary sorting when viewed from the front (figa) and side view (figb).

The device consists of two cylindrical rims 1 connected to a horizontal shaft 2 by means of knitting needles 3. Sectors 4 of angle steel are welded to the rims 1 for fastening the sorting ladles. Between the cylindrical rims 1 is placed a drum 5 having the shape of a truncated cone. The angle between the forming cone and the horizontal should be greater than the rolling angle of the potato tubers. On the surface of the drum 5 in the area of the mounting loop of the sorting ladles there are rectangular windows 6. The width of the windows 6 is greater than the width and length of the tubers of the middle fraction.

Sickle-shaped sorting buckets are fixed to sectors 4 and to the outer surface of the conical drum 5 (their number is 2, 3, 4). Each sorting bucket consists of an intake part and a sorting chamber. The intake part is made in the form of a flat knife 7, enclosed between two wedge-shaped sidewalls-dividers 8.

The sorting chamber consists of two identical crescent-shaped sidewalls 9, between which interchangeable sorting sieves 10 and 11, front 12 and rear blind walls (made of sheet steel) are placed at a small interval. Between the front wall 12 and the sieve 10, the rear wall 13 and the sieve 11, as well as between the sieves 10 and 11 there are channels of rectangular cross-section, providing free passage of the components of the shared material.

The front part of the previous and the rear (rear) surface of the subsequent sorting ladles are connected by a trough-shaped tray 14, along which the tubers of a large fraction come. Guide plates are adjacent to the outer surface of the conical drum 5, one of which 15 is attached to the end of the sizing sieve 11, and the second 16 to the end of the rear wall 13 of the sorting bucket and bent against rotation of the rotor.

To drive the device in motion there is a pulley 17 (without a hub) attached to the spokes 3 of the rim 1.

The device operates as follows. The material (tubers) is fed into the pit, which is a sector of the cylinder, slightly wider than the width of the knife 7 of the intake bucket and the radius of curvature equal to the circle described when the extreme points of the knives 7 are rotated.

When the rotary device rotates, the knives 7, moving along the bottom of the pit, capture a portion of the material (tubers) and tear it from the main mass. During the lifting process, the components of the material moving along the sieves 10 and 11 under the action of the vertical component of gravity and centrifugal force are divided into three fractions: large components remain on the front sieve 10, medium-sized components go to the sieve 11, and small components arrive on the surface of the back walls 13. With further rotation with the approach of the sorting buckets to the vertical position, the components (tubers) of the sorted material roll down. At the same time, large components along the trough-shaped tray 14 go to the tray 17, medium-sized components from the sieve 11, through the windows 6 located on the surface of the conical drum 5, go into the inside of the drum and slide from it onto the tray 18, small components meet the outer surface of the conical drum 6 and moving between the guide plates 15 and 16, go to the tray 19.

The advantages of the proposed device:

- operations of capture, lifting and sorting are performed by one working body;

- work can be performed in the absence of a storage hopper, conveyor-feeder;

- sorting can be configured to pick up potato tubers from a pile, pile or roll;

- sorting is possible in self-propelled mode or on a variant mounted on a tractor;

- interchangeable sieves allow you to use the proposed device for sorting various fuzzy materials;

- the possibility of use as a loader and unloader;

- simplicity and adaptability of the device and drive mechanism.

The economic efficiency of the device follows from the above advantages.

Claims (1)

A rotary potato sorter containing a plurality of - 2, 3, 4 - identical sickle-shaped sorting buckets equipped with interchangeable calibration sieves, characterized in that the sorting ladles are mounted on cylindrical rims placed on the ends of a drum having the shape of a truncated cone connected with a horizontally located shaft with the help of knitting needles; at the same time, in the zone of the fastening of the sorting ladles on the surface of the conical drum, there are rectangular windows for the passage of tubers of the middle fraction, and the front part of the previous and the back surface of the subsequent sorting ladles are connected by a trough-shaped tray along which the tubers of the large fraction come; for the removal of a small tuber fraction on the outer surface of the conical drum there are guide plates, one of which is attached to the end of the sieve sieve, and the second to the end of the rear wall of the sorting bucket and bent against rotation of the rotor.

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