Harvesting apparatus for harvesting crops and sorting apparatus
The invention relates to a harvesting apparatus for harvesting a crop, like potatoes, comprising a substantially helically shaped conveyor track for transporting the harvested crop, mounted for rotation round a longitudinal axis and having a trough-shaped or cup-shaped cross section, on a first end, operationally situated in or near the soil, provided with cutting means or digging means, on a second end provided with transporting means for transporting the harvested crop, where the helically shaped conveyor track is provided with openings for the removal of material attached to the crop, like soil.
A harvesting apparatus of this type is known from the application NL 1015647, which document is included by reference in the present application. With the known harvesting apparatus, the harvested crop is collected at the second end and transported in for example boxes or bags. The disadvantage of the known harvesting apparatus is that the crop, harvested in this way, afterwards usually must be sorted to size, because the size determines to some extent the price. This means that after the actual harvesting, the crop must be poured from the boxes or bags into a sorting apparatus and next the sorted crop must be stored in boxes or bags for future processing. This additional operation costs time and reduces the quality of the harvested crop.
The present invention obviates this disadvantage by adding a sorting function to the existing harvesting apparatus. The invention is thereto characterised in that near the second end of the conveyor track a second helically shaped conveyor track is.mounted for rotation round its
longitudinal axis, provided with openings for diverting the harvested crop. A favourable embodiment is thereby characterised in that the second helically shaped conveyor track is provided with openings of which the size, seen in a transport direction of the harvested crop, increases.
It is possible then to collect the crop ready for transport and sorted to size underneath the second helically shaped conveyor track. An additional advantage is that large objects, like hard lumps of soil or stones, will be simply thrown out at the end of the second helically shaped conveyor track.
A favourable embodiment of the harvesting apparatus is characterised in that the second helically shaped conveyor track forms a continuation of the first helically shaped conveyor track and that the second helically shaped conveyor track and the first helically shaped conveyor track are positioned round a common longitudinal axis. It is possible then to attach the first and the second helically shaped conveyor track for example to a central shaft which at least substantially coincides with the longitudinal axis and provide this central shaft with drive means or coupling means. Moreover, this central shaft may support the helically shaped conveyor track, so that the helically shaped conveyor can be constructed very light.
A further favourable embodiment of the harvesting apparatus is characterised in that the first and the second helically shaped conveyor track are provided with openings which extend at least substantially in a longitudinal direction of the helically shaped conveyor track, which significantly reduces the possibility of .harvested crop or material attached to it from getting stuck at the end of a sieve opening and becoming an obstacle.
A favourable embodiment according to a further aspect of the invention is characterised in that the first and the second helically shaped conveyor track are constructed of rod-shaped or tubularly shaped elements, extending in a longitudinal direction, of which the in-between distance, seen in a transport direction of the harvested crop, increases . In this way, a very smooth conveyor track is obtained, which makes the possibility that the harvested crop is damaged very small. In the first helically shaped conveyor track the in-between distance will increase only marginally, in order to prevent attached material from getting stuck, while in the second helically shaped conveyor track the in-between distance will increase significantly in order to realise a sorting function within a relatively short helix.
A further favourable embodiment of the apparatus is characterised in that the rod-shaped or tubularly shaped elements at least substantially consist of synthetic tubes, made for example of polyethylene. Tubes made of polyethylene may be bought on a roll, which makes it easy to force them into a spiral shape. The desired helically shape can be obtained then by mounting a sufficient number of mounting brackets to the central shaft and by subsequently mounting the polyethylene tubes onto these mounting brackets. An additional advantage is that damage can be repaired in a simple manner by the user by replacing a few tubes by tubing which can be taken simply off the roll.
The invention also relates to a sorting apparatus, for sorting objects according to size. It is characterised in that the sorting apparatus comprises a substantially helically shaped conveyor track, mounted for rotation round a longitudinal axis,- with a trough-shaped or cup-shaped cross section and .provided with openings of which the size,
seen in a transport direction of the objects, increases. A sorting apparatus of this kind corresponds in fact to the second helically shaped conveyor track as described previously, where the objects to be sorted may be arbitrary objects, for which the dimensions of the helically shaped conveyor track and of the openings can be chosen dependent upon the size of the objects to be sorted.
A favourable embodiment of the inventive sorting apparatus is characterised in that the helically shaped conveyor track is provided with openings which extend at least substantially in a longitudinal direction of the helically shaped conveyor track, which significantly reduces the possibility of objects from getting stuck at the end of a sieve opening and becoming an obstacle.
A further favourable embodiment is characterised in that the helically shaped conveyor track is constructed of rod- shaped or tubularly shaped elements, extending in a longi- tudinal direction, of which the in-between distance, seen in a transport direction of the objects, increases. In this way, a very smooth conveyor track is obtained, which makes the possibility that the objects are damaged very small. The rod-shaped or tubularly shaped elements are for example made of polyethylene rods or tubes. This material may be bought on a roll, which makes it easy to force it into a spiral shape. The desired helically shape can be obtained then by mounting a sufficient number of mounting brackets to the central shaft and by subsequently mounting the polyethylene rods or tubes onto these mounting brackets.
A further favourable embodiment is characterised in that windings of the helically shaped conveyor track at least substantially fit together, so that a compact apparatus is
obtained which nevertheless realises a very precise sorting function.
The invention will now be further explained with a reference to the following figures, in which:
Fig. 1 represents a harvesting apparatus according to the state of the art in side view; Fig. 2 represents a harvesting apparatus with an added sorting apparatus in side view;
Fig. 3 schematically represents a possible embodiment of a harvesting apparatus according to the invention in cross section;
Fig. 4 schematically represents a possible embodiment of a sorting apparatus according to the invention in cross section;
Fig. 5A schematically represents a sorting apparatus with internal support in front view; Fig. 5B schematically represents a sorting apparatus with external support • in- front view.
Fig. 1 represents a harvesting apparatus according to the state of the art in side view, consisting of a central shaft 1, driven by a motor 2, round which a helically shaped conveyor track is mounted with the aid of mounting brackets. The mounting brackets determine the shape of the helically shaped conveyor track, which consists in the embodiment shown of four windings 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d. In the conveyor track openings are made, via which attached material like soil or foliage is removed. Near motor 2, the windings of the helically shaped conveyor track break up, which has the advantage that a good transport function is obtained. Moreover it is possible then to remove manually a possible obstacle in the helically shaped conveyor track. On the opposite side of central shaft 1, the windings of
the helically shaped conveyor track fit together tightly and form as such a mouth, so that a crop, together with attached material can be picked up without disappearing between the windings. Near motor 2, the harvested crop, for example potatoes, is delivered clean and without attached material and collected for example on a transport belt.
Fig. 2 represents a harvesting apparatus with an added sorting apparatus in side view, consisting of a central shaft 1, driven by a motor 2, round which a helically shaped conveyor track is mounted with the aid of mounting brackets. The mounting brackets determine the shape of the helically shaped conveyor track, which consists in the embodiment shown of seven windings 3a,.., 3g. In this embodiment the windings 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d fulfil the actual harvesting function, completely analogously to the arrangement shown in Fig. 1. The added windings 3e,3f,3g realise a sorting function, for the purpose of which they are provided with openings the crop may fall through, after which the crop is collected in separate containers or on separate transport belts 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. In the embodiment shown, winding 3e is provided with relatively small openings and winding 3g with relatively large openings, or, preferably, the dimensions of the openings gradually increase.
Fig. 3 schematically represents a possible embodiment of a harvesting apparatus according to the invention in cross section, in which the helically shaped conveyor track is built up of tubes, running in a longitudinal direction. For the windings 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, the in-between distance between the tubes is substantially constant or the distance may increase slightly in the transport direction in order to prevent for example foliage from getting caught between the tubes. For the windings 3e,3f,3g, the in-between distance
significantly increases, as a result of which for example small potatoes will quickly drop through the conveyor track into the containers 4a, 4b, c, 4d, while large potatoes will drop only at the very end through the conveyor track. The distance may be increased by reducing the number of tubes, as shown in the figure, or by increasing the size of the mounting brackets. The tubes running at the sides of the conveyor track are preferably provided with a core made of steel, which gives a significantly increase in strength.
Fig. 4 schematically represents a possible embodiment of a sorting apparatus according to the invention in cross section, provided with five winding 5a,.., 5e, which windings substantially fit together and the conveyor track is positioned horizontally, because there is no need to transport the objects to be sorted upwards. Near windings 5a, 5b the tubes closely fit together, so that these two windings form a mouth into which the objects to be sorted can be brought. For the windings 5c,5d,5e, the distance between the tubes increases, in such a manner that the sorted objects will fall into a row of containers 6a,..6e. Too large objects will fall on the back side out of the sorting apparatus in container 6f.
Fig. 5A schematically represents a sorting apparatus with internal support in front view, where the support for the mounting brackets is obtained from a central shaft 1 with the aid of spokes 7a, 7b.7c, .. Fig. 5B schematically represents a sorting apparatus with external support in front view, where the support of the mounting brackets is obtained from external ribs 8a, 8b, 8c,.. running in a longitudinal direction. Round the ribs 8a, 8b, 8c,.. an annular support may be installed, for example a number of rings 9a, 9b,.., where the rings in turn may rest on two rollers 10a, 10b. By driving at least one of these rollers,
a very robust sorting apparatus is obtained, suitable for sorting for example rubble.