SU1456962A1 - Device for input of random pulse train into electronic computer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to computing and can be used to enter into a computer information about a random sequence of pulses standardized in amplitude and duration, as well as to determine the statistical characteristics of this sequence. The purpose of the invention is to increase the speed and expand the field of application of the device by reducing the requirements for determinism of the input sequence. The device contains a communication unit 1, trigger 2, element 3, register 4, trigger 5, counter 6, timer 7, and register 8. The speed of the device is improved by performing a series of procedures automatically. The device allows them to meet the requirements for the time during which the input stream must be stationary, which allows the invention to be used to measure the characteristics of a wide class of input streams. 7 il. (L

Description

The invention relates to computing and can be used to enter into a computer information about a random sequence of pulses standardized in amplitude and duration, as well as to determine the statistical characteristics of this sequence.

The aim of the invention is to increase the speed and expansion of the field of application by reducing the requirements for the determinism of the input sequence.

Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the device; figure 2 and 3 is an example of a specific implementation of the device; 4 shows the algorithm of the device operation control program; FIG. 5 shows timing diagrams for the operation of the device; FIG. 6 shows the algorithm of the program for calculating the function of the distribution of intervals between random pulses; on .7 - the algorithm of the program for calculating the value of the mathematical expectation.

The device (Fig. 1-3) contains the communication unit 1, the first trigger 2, the element 3, the second register 4, the second trigger 5, the counter 6, the timer 7, the first register 8, the input and outputs 9-28 of the device, the element 29, the counter 30, the element And 31, the element JE 32, the element And 33, the element OR 34, the counter 35, the one-shot 36, as well as the inputs and outputs of the individual blocks 37-42.

The abbreviations of signal names (Fig. 3) are standard for 2K trunk and mean: VBR1 and VBR2 (sample) - selection levels, choosing one or another element AND in the communication unit; VD (issued) - control signal from the. Computer code in the device; PR (received) is the control signal for entering the computer with a code from the device; VP (execute) - a start or installation signal to enable state of any element in the device; OST (ortan) is a stop or reset signal of any element in the device.

In the functional diagram (Fig. 2), registers 4 and 8 and counters 30 and 35, for simplicity, depict 4-bit d-bits (in the device they have 16 bits each).

The device works as follows

0

0

Before starting the computer, the computer makes its initial preparation, the following operations (Figures 1-7): reset the contents of counter 6, sending a signal to its reset input 28 from the output 28 of the communication unit; produces entry of the start timer code into register 8, having previously prepared this code at the block outputs 26 and having transmitted the control signal for writing the code to the register at output 25; rewriting the contents of register 8, i.e. of the initial 5 code, to the counter 35 by outputting a write signal to the output 24 of block 1, this signal is passed through the OR 34 element to the N-input 41 of the counter 35.

25

20

,,

d

thirty

The initial code is stored in register 8 for the entire duration of the device operation and is necessary not only to prepare the timer for the start of work, but also to automatically overwrite this code into the counter 35 after the end of each timer interval. Having carried out the initial preparation of the device, the computer sets the trigger 2 to a single state using the signal at the output 14 of the communication unit, thereby allowing the register 4 to work, and sets the trigger 5 to the single state by sending input to its signal 20 of block 1, which leads to the establishment of a resolution level at the output 21 of the trigger 5. This level permits the passage of clock pulses from the output 23 of block I through the IZ element, since the level at the input 38 of the element has a resolution value (the initial zero level and the output of monostable multivibrator 36 inverted at NOT element 32 and to the input 38 of AND 3). From output 39, the clock pulses allocated by the element AND 31 arrive at the counting input of counter 35 to form timer intervals. The duration of these intervals depends on the frequency of the clock pulses of the computer and on the initial value of the code entered into the counter 35 before the start of each timer interval. The larger the value of this code, the shorter the interval, since fewer clock pulses cause overflow of counter 35. Timing diagrams (figure 5) illustrate

40

0

five

device operation with zero start code of the timer.

With this code, every sixteenth clock pulse overflows counter 35. The overflow signal from the output 42 of this counter triggers a one-shot 36, which generates a positive polar pulse.

arrive at the input 37 of the counter 30 and increase the contents of this counter by one on the leading edge of each pulse. From this point on, the new contents of the counter enter the information inputs of register 4. The same flow pulses passing through the element 3, enter the input

TI, with a duration of several register entries 4 and in the rear half and a half, and less than two computer cycles, In the diagram (Fig. 5) this pulse is designated 8 - computer interrupt signal. This signal allows the passage of a single clock pulse of a computer through the element And 33; prohibits the passage of one, the same, clock pulse of a computer through the element And 31, stopping this

A front is recorded on its information inputs, i.e., the current counter code is 30. Thus, at the end of each pulse of flow 15, counter 30 and register 4 accept a new and, essentially, the same value,

At the time of termination of each interval timer, the overflow signal 20 of timer 7 from the output of the one-shot 36 is fed to the reset input of trigger 2, thereby setting the inhibit level at its output 15. Now the flow pulses change only the content of the counter 30. This ensures that the pulse counting flow without losing information about the exact value of the contents of the counter 30 after the expiration of the timer intervals. Signal the end of each. the timer interval enters the computer through block 1 and acts on its interrupt system, which leads to the reading of codes from output group 9 using this computer. During the reading process, the contents of register 4 remain unchanged, and the count 30 can continue to change due to the arrival of pulses flow. Upon completion of reading the computer, at output 14 of block 1, a signal is generated for setting T15igger 2 to a single state. Allowing the blood from the output 15 of the flip-flop 2 is fed to one of the inputs of the element I 3. The first flow pulse to the other input of this element records the contents of the counter 30 into the register 4. Now, until the end of the timer interval, the codes of the counter 30 and register 4 change synchronously, since the contents of the counter are written to register 4 again by each flow pulse. Further, the operation of the device proceeds as described above.

timer account for one time period; flushes trigger 2, prohibiting the writing of data from counter 30 to register 4; arrives at input 18 of block 1 and. further in the computer to interrupt the program.

The selected one clock pulse from the output of element 40 and 33, the passage through the element OR 34, makes another rewrite of the initial code into counter 35, the counting mode of which is already suspended for exactly one (considered) period of computer clock cycles. This suspension is made at the end of each timer interval and is taken into account when specifying the duration of these intervals: T K t 1, where Tr is the duration of the timer interval; K - the number of cycles, after counting which overflow occurs, the counter 35; tg - period of repetition of clock pulses of a computer.

Thus, the actual duration of the timer interval for the time of one clock cycle of the computer is longer than the duration determined by

initial code. The selected timer circuit eliminates the dead; the time between the time intervals and the uncertainty in the exact fixation of the specified time intervals.

The level at the output 21 of the counter 6, allowing the timer to work, simultaneously activates the counter 30, the input flow pulses from the input 19 arrive at the elements 3 and -29, the second inputs of which now have the resolving levels. After passing through the element AND 29 flow pulses

69624

arrive at the input 37 of the counter 30 and increase the contents of this counter by one on the leading edge of each pulse. From this point on, the new contents of the counter enter the information inputs of register 4. The same flow pulses passing through the element 3, enter the input

thirty

A front is recorded on its information inputs, i.e., the current counter code is 30. Thus, at the end of each pulse of flow 15, counter 30 and register 4 accept a new and, essentially, the same value,

At the time of termination of each interval timer, the overflow signal 20 of timer 7 from the output of the one-shot 36 is fed to the reset input of trigger 2, thereby setting the inhibit level at its output 15. Now the flow pulses change only the content of the counter 30. This ensures that the pulse counting flow without losing information about the exact value of the contents of the counter 30 after the expiration of the timer intervals. Signal the end of each. the timer interval enters the computer through block 1 and acts on its interrupt system, which leads to the reading of codes from output group 9 using this computer. During the reading process, the contents of register 4 remain unchanged, and the count 30 can continue to change due to the arrival of pulses flow. Upon completion of reading the computer, at output 14 of block 1, a signal is generated for setting T15igger 2 to a single state. Allowing the blood from the output 15 of the flip-flop 2 is fed to one of the inputs of the element I 3. The first flow pulse to the other input of this element records the contents of the counter 30 into the register 4. Now, until the end of the timer interval, the codes of the counter 30 and register 4 change synchronously, since the contents of the counter are written to register 4 again by each flow pulse. Further, the operation of the device is continued as described above.

The impact of flow pulses on the contents of the low bit of counter 30 and register 4, the first pulse

35

40

45

0

flow (figure 5) does not have any effect on the device, since the permit levels at the inputs of the elements 29 and 3 have not yet been established. The second pulse passes through the element 3 and records the zero content of the counter 30 in register 4, since Trigger 2 is already installed at the moment. This impulse does not pass to the input of counter 30, since there is no enabling level at the output of trigger 5. The third flow pulse with its leading edge changes the contents of the low-order bit of counter 30, and with the falling edge it records from counter 30 to register 4. The action of the fourth pulse is equivalent. third. Fifth time — Jools changes the contents of counter 30, but does not write to register 4, since trigger 2 is reset. Yestah: the seventh and eighth pulses affect the device similarly to the third, and the nineth pulse — similarly to that. The end of the registration of the flow pulses occurs when the reset of the trigger 5 by the reset signal generated at the output 22 of the block 1

In the process of operation, the computer finds codes from the group of information outputs 9 from the device and stores them in its memory. By the end of the total input time in the computer memory, information is accumulated on the occurrence of random pulses in fixed timer intervals. This information allows a computer to determine the distribution function and the value of the mathematical expectation of the intervals between random pulses. Obtaining a value of mathematical expectation is possible due to the fact that the device makes it possible to record not only the fact that at least one flow pulse falls into the timer intervals, but also the number i of pulses that fall into the specified intervals. This number is defined as the difference between the two read counter codes related to adjacent intervals. The ratio of the number of intervals W, in which i pulses fell, to the total number of observed intervals n determines the probability P, - (Td) of i impulses falling into the interval (Td is the fixed value of the duration of the intervals)

P. (TJ Si-. The value of the distribution function of the intervals between random pulses at point T is determined by

F (TJ

; (TO),

where i 1,2, etc.

By changing the timer interval T and recording the readings of the counter 30, it is possible to obtain the values of the function F (T) a number of points T.

Information on the number of pulses in the intervals T allows you to determine the average number H (TV) of the flow pulses over the entire measurement time.

H (T „)

Eli

that

Then the value of the mathematical expectation | H intervals between random pulses with any law of their distribution is determined

25

one

 Ё- (Ь

v °°

Where

t is the interval between random

by pulses. Use of the invention for.

30 determine the characteristics of a random stream allows to increase the speed of the device, determine the value of the mathematical expectation of intervals, between pulses of a random flow, with any law of their distribution, reduce the stationary requirements of the simplest pulse flow when obtaining the distribution function of intervals between the pulses of this flow.

The speed of the device is increased by automating the implementation of a number of procedures. It is possible to estimate the minimum acquisition time of information sufficient to obtain the value of the distribution function at one point TQ with a given allowable error. This time depends on the selected number of observed time intervals and their duration.

The number of timer intervals depends on the permissible error in determining the values of the distribution function. With a permissible error of 0.03, the number of 55 timer intervals is 1000. The length of the timer intervals depends on the range of expected intervals between random pulses. Suppose these gaps

7

1 MKS C 100 MKS. Then the length of the timer interval can be chosen to be 100 MKS, and the total measurement time of the parimeters of the tray is only 1000-100 µs 0.1 s.

When using the device during this time, information is collected immediately for a whole series of values of timer intervals T despite the fact that the registration of information in the device is carried out during the same time intervals having a value of T Td. So for T, 100 µs every 100 µs, the computer compares the contents of the counter. Information (codes) is accumulated in the computer memory, corresponding to time-sequential time intervals. The difference between the codes of the neighboring intervals shows the number of flow pulses that fell into the next interval T. The difference between the codes,

spaced until

The number of pulses in the stream is in the double interval, i.e. in the interval, a length of 2 Td 200 μs, etc. Thus, during 0.1 .c, information about the number of flow pulses for a discrete series of intervals T, 2To, 3T ,, etc. is accumulated in a computer. The total recording time of the flow does not depend on the number of different values required to build the distribution function, and is 0.1 s for the particular example under consideration.

Thus, when using the proposed device for O, 1 s, information is collected at once for all the necessary values of the timer intervals T (Td, 2T, etc.).

When using a known device, the minimum time for collecting information about the value of the distribution function also remains 0.1 s, however, during this time information is collected that is sufficient to determine the values

 functions only at one point T, corresponding to the specified duration of the timer interval. Taking into account the presence of manual operations when using a known device (setting the required frequency of the generator, mixing information from the counter), the actual time for determining the value of the function at one point is at least 1 min. Collecting information for a number of "

five

0

five

g

about

five

0

five

0

five

proportionally increases the specified time. If for the considered example we select the required number of values equal to 10, then the total registration time in the case of using the known device will be about 10 minutes.

In the process of entering the flow must be stationary. However, when using a known device, the stationarity must be maintained for at least 10 minutes, and when using the proposed device, it is sufficient for 0.1 s. In practice, A streams that are stationary for such a short time are very often encountered. The ability to explore such flows expands the field of application of the device.

The possibility of obtaining (when using the proposed device) the value of the mathematical expectation of the intervals between the pulses of a random stream with the usual distribution law provides important information on the properties of this stream and provides convenience in the preliminary comparison of the flows in question.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for inputting a random pulse train into a computer, comprising a first trigger, a timer counter, an AND element, a timer output connected to a reset input of the first trigger, the output of which is connected to the first input of an AND element, which is aimed at improving speed and expanding the field of application by reducing the requirements for determinism of the input sequence, a communication unit, two registers are entered into it, a second trigger, the first group of inputs of the communication unit is an information group of device inputs, the second group of inputs of the communication unit is the control inputs of the device, the first group of outputs of the communication unit is the information outputs of the device, the communication unit. is a device interrupt output; the second outputs of the communication unit are connected to the information inputs of the first register, the outputs of which are connected to the information inputs of the timer, the first code of the block communication is connected to the recording input of the first register, the second and third outputs of the communication unit are connected respectively to the installation input and the clock input of the timer, the fourth and fifth outputs of the communication unit are connected respectively to the reset and installation inputs of the second trigger, the output of which is connected to the inputs it breaks neither the timer and the counter; the sixth output of the communication unit is connected to the installation input of the first trigger, the seventh 145696210 the output of the communication unit is connected to the input-, reset of the counter, the outputs of which are connected to the information inputs of the second register, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the third group of the bwc unit, the input of the communication unit is connected to the timer output, the counting input of the counter is connected to the second input of the counter : - 10 mA AND is the information input of the device, the output of the AND element is connected to the input of the second register. 24 29 Phase.1 27 fue. four output t nfoefuHHj / A n / imfmi fc / f. fus.5) 28-sagna / 1 f / c- node 6 "About counter SO Z -signal stock start / 1nogo code 1H-Sagnal installation of the Gtrawger 2 transfer 21 traggera 5 trawler byproduct 25 cycles of a computer 39 clocks of VEP, allocated 6 timers 4 / - signal of the resale code in the timer 18-sagna /} interru8- HUff computer 15 - Sb / x. urobeni trigger 2 transfer about J9-afiny / ibCbi bypass flow 16-signal / 1 transfer H / iaduiiLu. bit counting 30 located about the grtpe bybodob / 7 Lonely register bit, located on the group would move about 13 faa.S : - 3 projectors uprab / ena (cfi, tpus. JJ J- / ySS.S- & S y Sf fss; .zsKT , a, fV - the crown of PI, IT ,,) ai p-zar n, e i, 6th actor tare. „l„. „,  S. - г „ш ....; .......... .w / jA S4./4.%Г1Г.;гг1.,   “-“ fffpodo / imeme work / prog / cn on phage. 7) ig, 6 The entrance is programmed fen. (rig 5) i For the calculation of the iso / 1, the no / iytfenHbie 6 program is used to determine the F (Td) value of the so-called. ko / 1 taypernsh ing ingrvova / 1y Gr, 6 which are nona / io the same hour / to i inpu / 1sov flow (.z.3, etc.) The computation / total of the total number / io ippd / 1sob flow that fell into the interval / s during the entire input of .NP, -,. T, I I Calculated sugary bap onV / iodeni food n-known number / io intervals I Calculate the value of the expectation / and interb / s between the c / t output impulses:  r l jfif value is displayed on screen. ; Y (End of the program / you calculate / genius). 7 pppd go