SU1454299A1 - Digging device for root and tuber harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to root-harvesting machines. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of separation of the roots from the soil. The digging device contains the plowshare 1, made in the form of a chute, along the sides of which there are slots 2. On the working surface of the plowshare 1 there are two passive trimmers 3 and a strip 4, which oscillates from the eccentric and the spring. The ploughshare 1 is equipped with a knife 7 and active finger-looseners in the front. When the digging device moves, the soil crust on the sides of the crumble is destroyed by two finger rippers. Then the tuber-bearing soil layer is cut with a knife 7 and side edges of the plowshares. Part of the soil is sifted through the side slots of the plowshare. Next, the soil is loosened by oscillating strip 4 and enters the separating conveyor. 2 hp f-ly, 4 ill. |

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely to root-harvesting machines.

The purpose of the invention is improving the quality of separation of root crops from the soil.

In FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device; in FIG. 2 - the same section; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cross section of one bed at the time of its destruction; in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional diagram of a tuberous soil layer indicating the position of the ploughshare in the working position (A is the distance between the beds; B is the area of the tubers along the width of the beds; H is the depth of the tubers nest).

The digging device contains a ploughshare 1, made in the form of a gutter, on both sides of which there are a number of slots 2. On the working surface of the ploughshare 1 there are two passive soil cutters 3 made in the form of a wedge of triangular cross section of variable base and height and an oscillating strip 4 hinged to the front end to the share 1. Oscillating strip 4 of the U-shaped form is installed in a special slot of the share .1 and is in constant contact with the eccentric 5 by means of spring 6. The share 1 in front along the supply n knife 7, the rear end is rigidly fixed to the carrier frame 8 of the device.

Active finger cultivators 9 and 10 are placed in front of the ploughshare on the right and left of the knife 7 and are fixed to the supporting frame 8 so that the fingers 11 of the cultivators 9 and 10 during rotation plunged into the soil layer of the bed near the bedding of tubers. The fingers 11 are rigidly fixed to the finger holder 12 at an angle to the axis of rotation of the cultivator. Rippers 9 and 10 receive rotational movement from the digger gear (drive not shown).

When the digger moves, the soil crust on the sides of the bed near the bed of tubers in the nests is destroyed by two finger cultivators 9 and 10; then the tuberous soil layer is cut to the depth of digging with a knife 7 and the lateral edges of the plowshare sides and it enters the working surface of the ploughshare 1. Thus, the volume of soil entering the ploughshare 1 is limited by knife 7, the sides of the plow diverge between the right and left diverging sides.

Under the pressure of the newly incoming portion of the soil, the tuberous layer cut along the contour of the front of the share and the knife moves along the inclined working surface of the share 1. Moreover, the soil is deformed and destroyed along the vertical and horizontal layers: firstly, due to the shift of the soil structural particles relative to each other, due to the difference in the rate of entry of the soil layer Vi to the share and the speed of the digger XMVi ^ ZW); the tuberous layer is also deformed due to tangential forces arising when moving along the bottom of the share at an angle to the horizon, formed by setting the share with an inclination in the direction of travel. Secondly, the tuberous soil layer undergoes tensile and tearing deformations due to the shaking action from below of the vibrating strip 4 and soil cutters 3, which move the soil horizontally. Thirdly, the linear velocity Uz of the ends of the fingers of the rippers 9 and 10 is larger in magnitude than the speed Vj of the tuberous layer along the ploughshare (Uz> Y |). Although the directions of the vectors of these velocities coincide, but due to the difference in their numerical values, the cohesion of the structural particles of the soil near the bedding of the tubers is broken, the crust enveloping the tubers is intensively destroyed.

Part of the soil to be destroyed is sifted through the side slots of the share 2.

Moving further along the working surface of the ploughshare 1, the soil, together with the tubers contained in it, enters the separating conveyors 13.

Claims (3)

Claim 1. The digging device for a root-harvesting machine, comprising a ploughshare with sidewalls and a drive, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of separation of the root-tuberous crops from the soil, the ploughshare has a bottom widening along the direction of movement of the mass, on which wedge-shaped protrusions are made, and pivotally mounted between the latter key associated with the drive. 2. The device pop. 1, characterized in that in the sides of the ploughshare cuts are made. 3. The device according to π. 1, characterized in that on the sides, in front of the ploughshare, finger cultivators are installed.