SU1430389A1 - Method of producing soil amelioration agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and concerns a method for producing soil amelioration ameliorates. The aim of the invention is to increase the structure-forming ability of the improver. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of obtaining soil improver, which includes the hydrolysis of humate-containing compounds in the presence of ammonia, urea in an amount of 80-100 wt.% Based on anhydrous ammonia is added to an aqueous ammonia solution, and the hydrolysis is reduced to pH 8.5. - 10.5. The ameliorant, according to izseb reteni2o, possesses a higher structure-forming activity, especially on clay and loamy soils, 1 h, n. f-ly | 6 tab. from € (L

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and land reclamation, in particular to methods for producing soil ameliorants,

The purpose of the invention is to improve the structure-forming effect of the improver.

 Example 1. A 10% suspension of peat or sapropel (the most common natural humate containing compound) hydrolyzed with aqueous ammonia solution together with urea is prepared. To do this, 4.0 kg of wet (W 75 masd) peat processed in the screw mechanism is mixed with 5 kg of water. Then, a solution of urea in aqueous ammonia in an amount of 20-100 wt.% Based on anhydrous ammonia is introduced into the suspension with stirring. After that, the suspension mass is adjusted to 10.0 kg and re-adjusted to pH 8.5-10.5. Suspend the suspension at room temperature for 2-3 days and adjust pH to 8.5-1-0.5 again with ammonia.

The prototype improver also used products obtained by hydrolysis of peat by ammonia in an aqueous medium at a peat: water: ammonia ratio of 1: 25: 1 at 150 ° C. The resultant improver had a pH of the suspension also of 9.5.

The effectiveness of the structure-forming effect of the improver is assessed by the change in the content of water-resistant aggregates in the soil.

Example 2. 15 weights (250 g each) of soil are taken in which, with stirring, doses of ameliorant are introduced with a dry matter content of 2-6 wt.% Of the mass of soil. Moreover, the samples obtained are three series. In the first series of experiments, an ameliorant was introduced at the same pH, but with different doses of 2, 3, 4, 6 wt.% By weight of the soil. In the second series, with a fixed bath dose of 3 wt.% To the mass of the soil, the pH varies from 8.5 to 10.5. In the third variant, with the same pH and doses of ameliorant, the ammonia: urine wine ratio varies from 85 wt.% Ammonia, 15 wt.% Urea to 25 wt.% Ammonia and 75 wt.% Urea. Soil samples collected

live at 20 ° C for 5 days, after which they are soaked in water for 2 days and the content of water-resistant aggregates is determined by the method of wet analysis.

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In tab. Table 1 shows the effect of ameliorants on the content of water-resistant aggregates in the soil (a dose of ameliorant 3% by weight dry soil, pH of suspension is 9.5).

From the data table. 1 that when introduced into the urea mariorant, its structure-enhancing action increases in an accurate manner. The best can be considered the amount of urea, equal to 25 or 50 wt.% In terms of anhydrous ammonia. With the introduction of a larger amount of urea (75 wt.%), The structure-forming effect of the improver is reduced.

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In tab. 2. The effect of the ameliorant dose on the efficiency of its water-resistant structure-forming deistants is given (ameliorant: TGA + urea, 50% by weight of urea in anhydrous ammonia).

From the data table. 2 it follows that the efficiency of the structure-forming effect of the soil is greatly influenced by the dose ameliorant. The optimal dose should recognize the amount of ameliorantJ equal to 2-4 wt.% By weight of the soil. With smaller and larger doses of meliorant in the soil, the effectiveness of its structure-forming effect decreases.

An important parameter affecting the ability of the improver to form water-resistant aggregates is the pH value.

In tab. 3 shows the effect of the pH of the improver on the efficiency of its structure-forming effect (dose of 3% on the dry matter of the soil; improver: TGA + urea, the ratio ammonia: urea 50: 50 wt.%).

The results are shown in Table. 3, allow conclusions to be drawn that opt. The maximum pH range most favorable for the process of forming soil water aggregates is 8.5-10.5.

In tab. 4 shows the effect of natural humates holding substances (peat, sapropel) on the structure-forming effect of soils (ameliorant dose 3%, pH 9.5),

 A comparative study of natural humate-containing substances (peat, sapropel) (Table A) is the effectiveness of the use of ameliorants on the basis of both peat and sapropel.

Moreover, under other equal conditions, it is more preferable to use a soil ameliorant based on peat.

The need to hold the suspension at room temperature (18-) for 2-3 days is explained by the completion of the processes of interaction of the alkaline reagent with the organic matter of peat, as evidenced by the steady-state pH value.

When drying natural humate-: containing | 1X compounds in the material, irreversible processes take place, reducing swelling, solubility and its other properties. Therefore, the moisture content of the material used as a raw material for the preparation of the improver has an effect on its properties, which are listed in Table. five.

The effect of the moisture content of the initial syf on the effectiveness of its structure-forming effect: a dose of 3% on dry

soil substance: improver: TGA + mono-

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ratio: ammonia: urea 50:50 May,%, are given in table. 6

Claims (2)

In this way. Using the proposed method of obtaining the improver allows one to obtain ameliorants capable of increasing the content of the water-intensive fraction in soils of heavy mechanical composition by 1.5-2.5 times as compared with the prototype. Formula of i-breaching 1. A method for producing soil improver that includes the hydrolysis of natural humate-containing compounds in an aqueous solution of ammonia, characterized in that, in order to improve the structure-forming ameliorant, urea in an amount of 20-14 is added to an aqueous solution of ammonia ) 0 wt.% Based on anhydrous ammonia. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrolysis of humate-containing compounds with ammonia is carried out Ameliorant TGA + urea (15% urea per anhydrous ammonia) TGA + urea (30% urea per anhydrous ammonia) proposed method TGA + urea (50% urea per anhydrous ammonia) proposed method f TGA + urea (75% urea to anhydrous ammonia) Table 1 The relative content of expansive aggregates in the soil (ad 1mm) as. compared to the prototype 1.05 1.40 1.60 1.25 51430389 Table 2 Note. Adopted in a more efficient version, which coincides with the prototype - 34%, TGA peat hydrolyzed with ammonia; Pf, is the content of the water-resistant fractions of the prototype; , - the content of water-resistant fractions (d} 1 mm) of the proposed melio-.ranth a | R . / Р „the efficiency of the structure-like action of the proposed ameliorant in comparison with the prototype. Table 3 The relative content of water is 35 extra strong aggregates in the soil (d 1 mm) compared to the prototype,  . 1.35 1.55 2.40 2.20 1.00 1.12 1.17 1.08 Table 4 Ameliorant The relative content of water-resistant aggregates (d 71 mm) in the soil compared with the prototype, P} / P „ TGA + urea (30 wt.% Urea in anhydrous ammonia) 1.5 TGA 4 - urea (50 wt.% Urea in anhydrous ammonia) 1.6 25 Sapropel + urine-, Bina (30 mae.g in anhydrous ammonia) Sapropel + urea (50 wt.% In anhydrous ammonia) 1.05 Table 5 tagging. - the content of water-, durable. fractions of the proposed improver for a given humidity; P - the content of water-resistant fractions improver at a humidity of 75%. Table 6