SU1369932A1

SU1369932A1 - Four-wheel traction means

Info

Publication number: SU1369932A1
Application number: SU864115891A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Викторович Войтиков; Сергей Иванович Стригунов; Александр Михайлович Статкевич; Владимир Степанович Чешун
Original assignee: Белорусский Политехнический Институт
Priority date: 1986-06-09
Filing date: 1986-06-09
Publication date: 1988-01-30

Abstract

Изобретер ие относитс к сельскохоз йственному машиностроению. Цель изобретени - повышение эффективности путем автоматизации процесса регулировани перераспределени т говых нагрузок по ведущим мостам. Гидромеханическа система управлени положением грунтозацепов содержитThe invention relates to agricultural machinery. The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by automating the process of regulating the redistribution of traction loads on driving axles. The hydromechanical control system of the lug position contains

Description

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Фиг,1Fig, 1

трехпозиционньш распределитель 19, центробежные датчики 22 и 23 оборотов выходных валов 26 и 27 межосевого дифференциала 3, имеющ:иё общий чувствительный элемент. Перераспределениеthree-position distributor 19, centrifugal sensors 22 and 23 revolutions of the output shafts 26 and 27 of the center differential, having: its common sensing element. Redistribution

1one

Изобретение относитс к сельскохоз йственному машиностроению и предназначено дл использовани в т говы машинах с колесной формулой 4x4.The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for use in traction machines with a 4x4 wheel arrangement.

Цель изобретени - повьш1ение эффективности путем автоматизации процесса регулировани перераспределени т говых нагрузок по ведущим мостам.The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by automating the process of regulating the redistribution of tractive loads on driving axles.

На фиг. 1 приведена принципиальна кинематическа схема т гового средства; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А на фиг, 1.FIG. 1 shows the basic kinematic scheme of the traction means; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. 1.

Четырехколесное т говое средство содержит управл емый передний 1 и задний 2 ведущие мосты, св занные между собой межосевым дифференциалом 3. На полуос х 4 и 5 переднего 1 и заднего 2 ведущих мостов установ- лены почвозацепы-уширители, содержа- : щие грунтозацепы 6, перемещающиес ;в направл ющих 7, жестко св занных с полуос ми 4 и 5, гидроцилиндры, штоки 8 которых св заны с грунто- зацепами, а корпуса гидроцилиндров 9 жестко закреплены на полуос х 4 и 5, и цилиндрические пружины 10, вт гивающие грунтозацепы 6 внутрь направл ю . щих 7. Число почвозацепов-уширителей равно числу ведущих колес т гового средства. Неподвижно, относительно полуосей 4 и 5 установлены кольцевые распределители 11, имеющие каждый по два маслоподвод щих канала 12 и 13, св занных соответственно с нагнетательной и,сливной магистрал ми гидромеханической системы управлени положением грунтозацепов 6. В полуос х 4 и 5 выполнены сэсевые сверлени 14 и 15, св зывающие рабочие полости подвода масла корпусов гидроцилиндров 9 с маслоподвод щими каналами 12 и 13 кольцевых распределителей 11. Число осевых сверленийThe four-wheeled traction vehicle contains a controllable front 1 and rear 2 drive axles interconnected by a center differential 3. On semi-axes x 4 and 5 of the front axle 1 and the rear axle 2 of the driving axles, wide-gland carriers are installed, containing: grouser 6, in the guides 7, rigidly connected to the axles 4 and 5, the hydraulic cylinders, the rods 8 of which are connected to the soil-hooks, and the bodies of the hydraulic cylinders 9 are rigidly fixed to the semi-axes x 4 and 5, and the cylindrical springs 10 pulling in 6 inside directed by y. 7. The number of wide spreaders is equal to the number of driving wheels of traction equipment. The stationary distributors 11, each having two oil supplying channels 12 and 13, connected to the discharge and drain lines of the hydromechanical control system of the position of the lugs 6, are installed fixedly with respect to the axes 4 and 5, and sesovye drilling 14 are made in the semi-axes x 4 and 5 and 15, connecting the working cavities of the oil supply to the housings of the hydraulic cylinders 9 with the oil supply channels 12 and 13 of the ring distributors 11. The number of axial bores

нагрузок компенсируетс выдвижением грунтозацепов 6 соответствующего моста и ув зываетс с соотношением буксовани колес обоих мостов т гового средства. 2 ил.loads are compensated by the extension of the lugs 6 of the corresponding bridge and is associated with the ratio of the slipping of the wheels of both axles of the traction means. 2 Il.

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в полуос х 4 и 5 равно числу гидроцилиндров 9.in semi-axes x 4 and 5 is equal to the number of hydraulic cylinders 9.

Подвод масла в рабочие полости гидроцилиндра, осевые сверлени 14, маслоподвод щие каналы 12 от источника 16 давлени или слив масла из рабочих полостей гидроцилиндров, осевых сверлений 15, маслоподвод щих каналов 13 в бак осуществл етс через двухпозиционный распределитель 17, управл емьш руко ткой 18, и трехпозиционньш гидрораспределитель 19 след щего действи , золотник которого кинематически посредством т ги 20 св зан с общим чувствительным элементом 21 двух центробежных датчиков 22 и 23, кинематически посредством, пар цилиндрических шестерен 24 и 25 св занных с выходными валами 26 и 27 межосевого дифференциала 3. В гидролинии между источником 16 давлени и двухпозиционным распределителем 17 установлен редукционный клапан 28. Подвод мощности к ведущим колесам осуществл етс от межосевого дифференциала 3 через карданные передачи 29 и 30, симметричные межколесные дифференциалы, полуоси 4 и 5 переднего 1 и заднего 2 ведущих мостов.The oil is supplied to the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, axial drills 14, oil supply channels 12 from the source 16 of pressure or oil drain from the working cavities of hydraulic cylinders, axial bores 15, oil supply channels 13 to the tank is carried out through an on-off distributor 17, operated by the handle 18, and a three-position follower valve 19, the spool of which is kinematically connected by means of a pull 20 to a common sensitive element 21 of two centrifugal sensors 22 and 23, kinematically by means of a pair of cylindrical poles The 24 and 25 lines connected to the output shafts 26 and 27 of the center differential 3. In the hydroline between the pressure source 16 and the two-way valve 17, a reduction valve 28 is installed. The power is supplied to the driving wheels from the center differential 3 via cardan transmissions 29 and 30, symmetrical cross-axle differentials, axles 4 and 5 of the front 1 and rear 2 drive axles.

Четырехколесное т говое средство работает следующим образом.Four-wheeled traction means works as follows.

В рабочем режиме движени (при работе в поле с навесными или прицепными машинами и оруди ми) руко тка 18 двухпозиционного распределител 17 находитс в положении I, при котором масло от источника 16 давлени подаетс к трехпозиционному гидрораспределителю 19 след щего действи . При пр молинейном движении по горизонтальной опорной поверхности с крюковыми нагрузками, не вызывающ тми перераспределение веса машины, буксовани колес переднего 1 и заднегоIn the operating mode of motion (when working in the field with mounted or trailed machines and tools), the handle 18 of the two-position distributor 17 is in position I, in which the oil from the source 16 of pressure is supplied to the three-way valve 19 of the next action. When driving straight along a horizontal support surface with hook loads, it does not cause the weight of the machine to redistribute, the front and rear wheels slip

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2 ведущих мостов равны. Соответстенно равны обороты полуосей 4 и 5, карданных передачи 29 и 30, выходных валов 26 и 27 межосевого дифференци- ала 3, пар цилиндрических шестерен 24 и 25, центробежных датчиков 22 и 23. Общий чувствительный элемент 21 центробежных датчиков 22 и 23 и зоотник трехпоэиционного гидрораспреелител 19 след щего действи нахо тс в среднем положении (показано на чертеже). Масло от источника 16 давлени ,, рабочих полостей гидроци-. линдров, осевых сверлений 14 и 15, маслоподвод щих каналов 12 и 13 через золотник 19 идет на слив в масл ный бак. Грунтозацепы 6 всех ведущих колес под действием цилиндрических пружин 10 наход тс в исходном 20 (вт нутом) положении и не взаимодействуют с опорной поверхностью. В реализации т гового усили участвуют только ведущие колеса.2 driving bridges are equal. Correspondingly, the speeds of axes 4 and 5, the drive shafts 29 and 30, the output shafts 26 and 27 of the center differential 3, pairs of cylindrical gears 24 and 25, centrifugal sensors 22 and 23 are equal. The common sensitive element 21 of centrifugal sensors 22 and 23 and the three-poiotic spoiler the hydraulic distributor 19 of the following action is in the middle position (shown in the drawing). Oil from a source of 16 pressure ,, working cavities hydro. lindra, axial bores 14 and 15, oil supply ducts 12 and 13 through the valve 19 are drained into the oil tank. The grousers 6 of all the driving wheels under the action of the coil springs 10 are in the initial 20 (retracted) position and do not interact with the supporting surface. Only drive wheels are involved in the realization of traction.

Прч возрастании крюковой нагрузки , приложенной, например, сзади т гового средства, происходит перераспределение вертикальных нагрузок на мосты в сторону их увеличени на зад25As the hook load, applied, for example, to the rear of the vehicle, increases, the vertical loads on the axles are redistributed in the direction of their increase to the rear 25

нем мосту 2 и уменьшени на переднем зо та 1 проходит больший путь, чемBridge 2 and decrease at the front of it 1 goes a longer way than

Claims

1. This causes an increase in slipping of the front axle 1 wheels and a decrease in slipping of the rear axle 2 wheels. Accordingly, the revolutions of the axles 4, the driveshaft 29, the axle shaft 26, the pair of cylindrical gears 24, the centrifugal sensor 22 and the revolutions of the axles 5, the driveshaft 30, the output shaft 27, a pair of cylindrical gears 25, a centrifugal sensor 23, which causes the common sensing element 21 of two centrifugal sensors 22 and 23 to move towards the sensor 23, which has a lower rotational speed, portional difference of slippage driving axles. The sensing element 21, when using traction means for working on solid bearing surfaces (asphalt, ground to horn), the handle 18 is shifted to position II, in which it moves out by means of the pull 20, slides the spool of the three-position gidget of the lugs - dispenser 19 follow up. The latter, in proportion to the size of the movement, provides a supply, depending on the slip of bridges 1 and

2. The formula of the invention

into the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 9 of the front axle 1, which are currently below the protrusions of the ring distributors 11 (Fig. 2). At the same time, the Grousers 6 of this zone, tensioning the spring 10,

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slide out of the guides 7, which allows to increase the surface area of the front drive axle 1 and thereby reduce its slipping and relieve the tractive load of this bridge. At the same time, the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 9 of the front driving axle, currently located above the protrusions of the ring distributors 11, as well as all the working cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 9 of the rear driving axle 2 communicate through axial drills 15 and oil supply channels 12 and 13 with drainage. The cylindrical springs 10 retract the Grouser 6 hydraulic cylinders of these zones inward of the guides 7, providing for the cleaning of the soil. The application of a hook load in the front (for example, working with dozer equipment, stacker, etc.) causes the weight of the machine to be redistributed with an increase in weight per front axle. In this case, in proportion to the unloading of the rear axle grousers 6 are moved.

In a curvilinear motion, the center of the controlled front drive is 35

the center of the rear drive axle 2. Accordingly, the turns of the sensor 22 become greater than the turns of the sensor 23, which leads to the movement of their common sensing element towards the sensor 23, which has smaller turns, by a distance proportional to the angle of rotation of the steered wheels. 40 lotter and oil from the pressure source passes into the hydraulic cylinders, ensuring the extension of the front axle lugs. The rest of the system is similar to the above.

When using traction equipment to work on solid bearing surfaces (asphalt, unpaved road), the handle 18 is shifted to position II, in which

gg nozzles blocking

55

depending on the slipping of bridges 1 and 2. Invention formula

A four-wheeled traction vehicle, mainly with front driven wheels, containing front and rear drive axles connected by an inter-axle differential, the output shafts of which are kinematically connected by means of a gear, to the speed sensor of the output shafts of the differential, the control system including itself. the source of pressure of the working fluid, communicated by the hydrolines with the drain and with the ridge and the second line of the controlled two-position valve, the three-position four-line distribution Tel with cavity control element, characterized in that, in order

efficiency by means of the automaton, and the sensing element of the removal of the process of regulating the redistribution of traction loads on driving axles, it is equipped with controllable movable soils installed in housings connected to the respective wheels, and the control system is equipped with hydraulic control systems whose pistons with a grouser, the two-position distributor is made four-line with manual control, and a third of the four-line two-position distributor It is connected to the first line of the four-way three-position distributor, the fourth line is the two-position two-line distribution: n-1

The bodies are connected with a drain and the second line of a four-line three-position distributor, the third and fourth lines of which are connected to the corresponding control hydraulic cylinders, the speed sensor of the output shafts of the differential includes two centrifugal controllers and a sensing element placed between them, and the centrifugal regulator the tori are kinematically connected by gears with the corresponding output shafts

complete with interaction with the mentioned centrifugal sensors and kinematically connected with the control element of the four-line three-position distributor, with the second line in the first position of the two-position distributor communicating with the third, the third line in the second position communicating with the fourth in the first position of the three-position distributor, first line communicating the third, the second from the fourth in the second position, the first line is communicated from the second, in the third position the first line is reported from the third, the second - from the fourth Oh.

eleven

FIG. 2