SU1352607A1 - Impact-action electromagnetic drive - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used in the development of electromagnetic: impact machines. The goal is to expand the range of frequency and impact energy control and simplify the drive. The energy and frequency of shocks are regulated by varying the voltage on the tires of the controlled valve, which is possible within fairly wide limits, and by an additional circuit that allows switching off part of the windings. Simplification is achieved by eliminating the delay elements in each control channel. Changing the number of operating windings allows more accurate studies of machines with free coasting of the striker. The effective mode of operation is also automatically maintained when changing various parameters such as heating the windings and the duration of the transition process in the electromagnets when the current is switched in them. 5 il. g (L

Description

The invention relates to the control of electric machines and can be used in the development of high-power electromagnetic hammers.

1 | The invention is the extension of the frequency and energy impact control range and the simplification of the drive.

Fig, 1 schematically shows an electromagnetic divider; FIG. 2 is the same, longitudinal section; FIG., 3 is a functional diagram of an electromagnetic drive of percussion; FIG. A is a section A-A in FIG. 1 (longitudinal section of the contact sensor of the striker with the tool shank); in fig. 5 is a section bB in FIG. 1 (cross-section of the sensor for fixing the contact of the striker with the tool shank),

An electromagnetic percussion actuator includes an electromagnetic motor: and a control device for this motor.

Electromagnetic engine contains (figs, 1 and 2) n power windings 1, J each of which has the same length and is enclosed in a magnetic conductor consisting of a cylindrical rome 2, closed at the ends with poles made in the form of flanges 3 with thickness K The winding 1, enclosed in a magnetic core, is a cylindrical electromagnet with a length of 1 3 1 0 + 2 K,

The windings 1 (electromagnets) are mounted on a vertical nonmagnetic guide 4 with a constant pitch h. Inside the guide, there is a ferromagnetic head 5, the ratio of the length L of which to the step h of windings 1 is greater than one, but less than two, i.e., the head 5 has a length greater than the step of windings 1 but less than two steps. The striker 5 is in contact with the ferromagnetic shank 6 of the tool 7, the upper end of the striker 5 is located inside the second bottom winding 1. Between this end of the striker 5 and the upper end second lower winding 1, t, e, the end of this winding is formed the gap, the value of which can vary within

from minimum F,

min

up to the maximum F values, determined respectively by the initial A and the final B by the lowest positions of the striker

five

0

0

5, t, e. determined e1-1th maximum change in stroke d, a striker 5,

The maximum change in stroke, the die depends on the purpose of the electromagnetic drive of the percussion action and is set during its construction. The proposed electromagnetic percussion actuator, after mounting it on a feeder (not shown), can be used to break down strong rocks (ore), in this case it is set to about 50 mm, and when using this actuator as an electromagnetic seismic source with preload of the radiating plate d set in the order of 30 mm.

When the striker 5 is in the final position B, its upper end, located inside the second bottom winding 1, is from the lower end of this winding at a distance of 1 ", called the depth of the preliminary insertion of the striker into the winding (1" is the minimum depth of preliminary insertion striker 5 into the second winding 1 from the bottom, when the striker 5 is still drawn into this winding when current is passed through it,

When the striker 5 is in the initial position A, the depth of its preliminary introduction into the same winding 1 is equal. For electromagnetic hammers 1, (0,25-0,4) 1. Optimally, the winding is turned on precisely at the moment when the preliminary introduction of the striker into the winding. both at work and at idle is equal to 0.25 1o. This condition in the proposed drive is not fulfilled only when the second bottom of the coil is turned on during idling, because at this time the position of the striker is set by the tool position,

five :

In addition, the electromagnetic motor contains the bottom and (n + 1) main transformer position sensors of the striker 5, one of which.

0 is installed below, and the other is above all windings 1 and which are respectively the lower 8 and upper 9 terminal sensors. One sensor is installed above the upper end

5 of sensor 9 and is an auxiliary sensor 10, the remaining (p-1) sensors are installed between windings 1 and are intermediate sensors 1 1. The distance between adjacent dates

- one

P, as well as the distance between (n-l) -M (upper) sensor II and sensor 9 and the distance between sensors 9 and 10 are equal to the step h of the windings. In addition to the electromagnetic motor, (n + 1) additional transformer sensors of the position of the striker 5 are inserted, of which two, for example, sensors 12 and 13, are additional upper end and auxiliary sensors respectively and are installed at a distance of 9 and 10, respectively, the rest (nl) sensors, for example, additional intermediate sensors 14, are installed between the windings 1, i.e. between the motor windings 1 at a distance equal to the maximum working gap JJ, o, j, an additional intermediate sensor 14 is installed from each intermediate sensor 11, while the distance between adjacent sensors 14 is equal to the winding pitch h 1 The lower end sensor 8 is installed from the lower one ( first) an additional intermediate sensor 14 on

below sensor 8 contact striker

standing, equals Diary h windings 1.

On the guide 4, a sensor 15 5c with a shank 6 is mounted.

Sensor 15 contains (FIGS. 4 and 5) a ferromagnetic hollow cylinder .16 and two identical systems of removable poles 17, each of which contains four indicated poles 17 located in the same plane at a right angle to each other. The distance between the planes, in which the poles 17 of the first and second systems are located, is chosen somewhat larger than the maximum change in travel 5 (Figs. 2 and 4).

Thus, the poles 17 of the first system are located in the zone of movement of the striker 5, and the poles 17 of the second system in the zone of the shank 6. FIG. 4 shows the intermediate position between A and B of the striker 5. Excitation windings 18 are installed at the poles 17 of the first system, and output windings 19 are mounted at the poles 17 of the second system. Excitation windings 18 are connected to an alternating voltage source, and output windings 19 are connected to each other in series so that their signals add up. From the output windings 19, the signal is only removed when the striker 5 contacts the shank 6.

five

0

five

0

five

0

Sensors 11 and 14, located between the same windings 1, form a pair of sensors. The first pair of sensors 11 and 14 is located between the first bottom and second windings 1, the second between the second and third windings 1, a third between the third and

fourth windings 1, etc. (p-1) - a pair of sensors 11 and 14 is located between (p-1) -ippe windings 1.

The resulting pairs of intermediate sensors are placed symmetrically with respect to the windings 1.

Sensors 9, 12 and 10, 13 form, respectively, the n-th and (n + 1) -th pairs of sensors. Sensor 11 (p-1) -th pair and sensor 12, as well as sensor 14 (n-l), and pairs and sensor 9 are located symmetrically relative to the p-and winding 1.

The sensor 8 and the sensor 11 of the first pair are located symmetrically with respect to the first winding 1.

The distance from the lower end of the striker 5 (when the latter is in position B) to the sensor 8 is 5 a and the sensor 11 of the first pair of sensors equals the step h of the windings 1.

Installed: e on guide 4, sensors 8-14 are identical and are transformer-type sensors with an open magnetic conductor that produce signals when their magnetic circuit is closed by a ferromagnetic striker 5. The output signal of any of these sensors is equal in duration to the striker passing by this sensor.

A control device is connected to windings 1, containing (fig. 3) a multichannel switchboard consisting of n channels, as well as (2n-3) first 20s and (2n-3) second 21 two-input elements AND, (n + 1) HE elements 22 , (n + 2) additional elements NOT 23, (n + 2) formers 24 short pulses and (n + 2) additional formers 25 short pulses.

Each channel of the switch is connected to the buses of a controlled high bus. (not shown) and contains in series with the winding 1 a power switch 26 with the unlocking and locking inputs.

5 The windings 1 are shunted by the discharge circuits 27 necessary for damping the energy of the magnetic field after

power off windings go rectifier.

1 from control

The contact sensor 15 is connected via an additional driver 25 to the unlocking input of the key 26 of the second channel, the first intermediate sensor 11 through the element HE 22 and the driver 24 is connected to the unlocking input of the switch 26 of the third channel, each of 2,3, ... (n 3), (n-2) intermediate sensors 11 through the element HE 22 and the driver 24 are connected to the second inputs of their elements AND 20 and 21, the first inputs of which are associated respectively with 1 and 3, 2 and 4, respectively. p-4) and (p-2), (p-3) and (p-1) intermediate sensors 11, and the outputs, respectively, with the locking inputs of all keys 26 and unlocking the inputs keys 26, respectively, 4,5, ... (n-1), n channels, (n-1) -th intermediate channel P, end 9 and auxiliary 10 sensors through their elements HE 22 and drivers 24 are connected. with the second inputs of their elements And 20, the first inputs of which are associated respectively with (n-2) -m, (n-l) -M intermediate 11 and end 9 sensors, and the outputs - with the locking inputs of all keys 26.

The end sensor 8 through the additional element HE 23 and the driver 24, and the first additional intermediate sensor 14 through the additional element NOT 23 and the driver 25 are connected to the locking inputs of all the keys 26, each of 2,3, ... C), (p-2) additional intermediate sensors 14 through an additional element NOT 23 and shaper 25 are associated with the second inputs of their elements AND 20 and 21, the first inputs of which are associated with 3 and 1,

4 and 2 (p-2) and (p-4), (p-1) and

(p-3) additional intermediate sensors 14, and the outputs, respectively, with the inputs of locking all the key 26 and the unlocking inputs of the keys 26, respectively 1,2, ..., (p-4), (p-З) channels. Additional (p-D) -and intermediate 14, end 12 and auxiliary 13 sensors through their additional elements HE 23 and shapers 2–5 are connected to the second inputs of their elements 21, the first inputs of which are connected to additional ones (respectively -2) -m, (p-1) -m intermediate 14 and end 12 sensors, and the outputs - with the unlock inputs of the keys 26, respectively) -th, (p-1) -th 5П-Ро channels.

five

0

five

0

5 o

5 5

All drivers 24 and 25 are identical and are designed to create pulses of short duration compared with the duration of the pulses of any of the above sensors.

A switch 28, installed in the power supply U j of the excitation windings 18, serves to start the device.

Electromagnetic shock drive e-action works as follows.

Let, for example, in the initial state of the device, the head 5 takes the initial position A (Fig. 2). At the same time, it is located under the poles 17, the sensor 15, on which the excitation windings 18 are installed, and the shank 6 in contact with it is under the poles 17, on which the output windings 19 are mounted (Fig. 4), being in position A, the firing pin 5 simultaneously closes the magnetic cores of the sensor 8 and the sensors 11 and 14 of the first pair. After being closed by switch 28, the power supply circuit and the „excitation windings 18 from the output windings 19, i.e. From sensor 15, a signal is removed, which, through the associated shaper 25, enters the unlocking input of the key 26 of the second channel and unlocks it. A current flows through the winding 1 of the second channel and the striker 5 is pulled by this winding.

As the hammer 5 is pulled in, a distance (FIG. 2) passes, equal to — in this case — the length of the working gap — the second winding 1 from the bottom, and reaches the end of this winding. At this moment, the disconnection of the m-connecting cable of the sensor 8 occurs. At the moment of opening the magnetic conductor of the sensor 8, a signal is received through the associated element HE 23 and the driver 24 to the input of locking all keys 26. The key 26 of the second channel is locked and the winding 1 is turned off. At the same time, the energy of the magnetic field created by the current of the winding 1 is dissipated in the discharge circuit 27 of its channel, and the impact device 5 continues to move by inertia. The distance of the magnetic field energy in the other windings 1 is similar.

Moving by inertia, the striker 5 with its —the front part — successively closes the magnetic conductors of the sensors 11 and 14 of the second pair of sensors, and then with its — back part it opens the magnetic conductor of the sensor 11 of the first pair of sensors.

 one

chikov. at this time, the striker 5 inserted into the winding 1 of the third channel to a depth of Ij, and the distance between the front end of the striker 5 and the end of this winding became equal to F (the position of the striker 5 relative to the winding 1 of the third channel at the time of opening the magnetic circuit of sensor 11 of the first pair of sensors (ya of fig. 2 is shown by a dotted line).

At the moment of opening the magnetic circuit of the sensor 11 of the first pair of sensors, a signal is received through the associated element HE 23 and the driver 24 to unlock the key 26 of the third channel. The key 26 is unlocked, a current begins to flow along the winding 1 of the third channel and the firing pin 5 is drawn in by this winding.

As it is pulled in, the hammer 5 passes the distance Rmaks.c, and reaches the end of this winding. At this moment there is a disconnection of the magnetic circuit of the sensor 14 of the same pair of sensors.

At the time of the opening of the magnetic element 25, the HE 23, the driver 25 and the open element I 21, a signal is received at the input of the unlock key 26 of the nth channel. The key 26 is unlocked along the winding of the 1st channel channel and a current begins to flow and the firing pin is pulled in by this winding.

As the distance 5 is pulled in, the hammer 5 passes. and reaches the end of this winding. At this moment, the magnetic circuit is opened.

Yes, said sensor 14 through the element HE 23 connected with it and the driver 25 locks the input of all keys 26 to the input signal. The key 26 of the third channel is locked, the windings 1 are turned off, and the hammer 5 continues to move by inertia.

Then the head 5 of the front part in series closes the magnetic conductors of sensors 11 and 14 of the third pair

thirty

sensors, and then the back of the 35 sensors 10 through the associated

closes the magnetic circuit of the sensor 11 of the second pair of sensors. At this time, the striker 5 penetrated the winding 1 of the fourth channel to a depth of 1 "and the distance between the front end of the striker 5 and the end of this winding became equal.

At the moment of opening the magnetic circuit of the sensor 11 of the second pair of sensors, the signal HE 22, the driver 24 and the open element 21 are connected to an unlocking input to the key 26 of the fourth channel. The key 26 is unlocked; a current begins to flow along the winding 1 of the fourth channel. When current flows through the winding 1 of the fourth channel, the firing pin 5 is drawn in by this winding.

on the tires of the controlled drive through inertia, the firing pin 5 in front of 55 bodies, which is possible in sufficiently

it partly closes the magnetic cores of the sensors 11 and 14 of the next pair of sensors and the processes described above are repeated.

Continuing its upward movement both under the action of electromagnetic forces, acting consistently from the remaining windings 1, and by inertia in the gaps — the absence of the indicated forces, the striker 5 at a certain moment of time reaches its extreme upper position and stops, ending the reverse (idle) stroke. This striking position in FIG. 2 is denoted by B. Then, under the force of gravity, the striker 5 begins to move in the opposite direction, making a forward working stroke, and at a certain moment in time the rear part opens the magnetic circuit of the sensor 13. At this time, the striker 5 penetrates into the winding of channel 1 to a depth of 1i and the distance between the front end of the striker 5 and the end of this winding became equal to F.

At the time of opening of the magnetic circuit of the sensor 13 through the associated with him

25

thirty

the element NOT 22, the driver 24 and the open element And 20, the input of the lock all keys 26 receives a signal. The key of the channel is locked, winding 1 is turned off, and the striker continues to move down by inertia and under the force of gravity.

Continuing its movement, the hammer 5 at the end of the working stroke strikes the tool 7, again closes the magnetic conductor of the contact sensor 15 and the described operation cycle of the electromagnetic drive of the percussive action repeats.

The energy and frequency of shocks in the proposed drive are controlled by varying the voltage

wide limits. The device circuit allows for the disconnection of a part of the windings, which reduces the energy and frequency of impacts. Drive simplification is achieved in

account of elimination of delay elements in each control canape. Changes in the number of operating windings allows for more accurate studies of machines of simple action, with free running out of the striker, double action and multi-stage machines,

In the proposed electromagnetic drive, the effective mode of operation is automatically maintained when its various parameters change (heating of the windings, duration of transients in electromagnets when the current is switched in them, engine tilt angle, striking speed), while regulating the energy and frequency of impacts, expanding the range of adjustment of these parameters .

Claims (1)

Invention Formula Electromagnetic drive of a shock action, including an electromagnetic motor, contents of the windings installed with a constant step on a vertical nonmagnetic guide, inside of which there is a ferromagnetic head, the ratio of the length to the step of the windings is greater than one but less than two, and which the bottom end contacts with a ferromagnetic tool shank, with the upper end of the striker located inside the second bottom winding, the bottom and n + 1 main position sensors located on the indicated guide with steps m, equal to the step of the windings, while the lower sensor is located below the lower winding, and the control unit containing a controlled rectifier and connected to its terminals n-canal switch of windings, each channel of which contains a power switch connected in series with the winding with unlocking and locking inputs , the first channel connected to the lower winding also includes two short pulse drivers, the element is NOT each, the 1st channel, where 24ii (n-2) also includes the short pulse driver, the element is NOT and four element 2I, (n-1) -th channel also includes a short pulse shaper, an element NOT and two elements 2I, and a n-channel connected to the upper winding also includes two short-pulse forming gel, two elements NOT and two ele five 0 five 0 2I element H of each 1st channel is connected with an input to a corresponding position sensor, and the output through a short pulse shaper is connected to one input of two 2I elements, the other inputs of which are connected respectively to sensors (i -1) and (i + l) -ro channels, the output of one of the elements 2I is connected to the unlocking input of the key () -ro channel, the element is NOT the first channel connected to the input of the corresponding main sensor, and the output through the short pulse former to the unlocking input of the key the third channel, the top three sensors through the elements NOT and shapers of short pulses are connected to the same inputs of elements 2I, the other inputs of which are connected respectively to (n-2) -m, (nl) -M, n-m main position sensors, characterized in that, in order to extend the range controlling the frequency and impact energy and simplifying the drive by eliminating delay elements; the sensor of the striker’s contact with the tool shank, n + 1 additional position sensors are added to it, each of which forms a symmetrical relative to the corresponding main position sensor The adjacent windings are paired and installed — above it at a distance equal to the maximum distance between the upper ends of the second bottom winding and the striker at the last position of the latter, the lower position sensor is set at the same distance from the bottom end of the striker at the lowest position of the last, at the first the control channel includes two additional short pulse impregnators and two NO elements, each 1 channel is a short pulse shaper and an NO element, - in the (n-1) -th channel - a shaper, a short pulse and an NO element, in n - and the channel - two elements NOT, two short formers 0 pulses and two elements 211, while the inputs lock the keys of all channels are connected and connected to the outputs of the second and third elements 2I of the i-th channels, sequentially connected .5 DIN elements and shapers of short pulses - to the lower and first additional sensors, the output of the first element 2I (n-lj-ro channel and the outputs of the first and second five 0 and elements 2I of the nth channel connected by the inputs to the nm and (n + 1) -m-- main sensors, the contact sensor of the striker with the tool shank through the short pulse shaper connected to the unlocking input of the second channel key, the output of the fourth element 2I i The channel is connected to the key unlocking input (il) -ro of the channel, one input is connected to the additional channel (il) -ro channel, another input — to one input of the third element 2I and through the series-connected element NOT and the driver of the short pulses - with an additional position sensor, soy dinennym with another input of the third element 2I (i-l) -ro channel and another input of the fourth element 52607 2 2I (i + l) -ro channel, (n-1) -th additional position sensor is connected to. the second inputs of the third elements 2I (n-2) -th and n-th channels and sequentially connected element NOT and shaper of short pulses with the input of the second element 2I, n-th and (n + i) -th additional sensors 1Q position through series-connected elements NOT and shapers of short pulses are connected to one input of the third and fourth elements 2I of the n-th-kan from the la, respectively, the other inputs of which are connected to the (n-1) th and n-th additional position sensors, and the outputs - to the inputs of unlocking the keys, respectively (1 -1} -th and l - th cana-20 -lov. S 1 S8 51 Jj // / "/ // /" / ft gi / P 7 f P M f f rZ GO J3 LJ ± / and I I (I 11 1HCHA1 III / tfx:  M f f rZ GO J3 (I 11 1HCHA1 III / fftuf g cpue.i (f3u5.4J6 / 7 Editor A.Lezhnina Compiled by V.Alfimov Tehred M.Hodanich Order 5573/54 Circulation 659 Subscription VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, F - 35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 FI.5 Proofreader A.T. sko