SU1432679A1 - Impact-action electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to create electromagnetic hammers. The aim of the invention is to increase impact energy i decrease axial dimensions. The device comprises an electromagnetic motor and a control device for this motor. Electromagnetic motor contains n power windings, placed in magnetic cores 2 and 3, windings us i

Description

four

00

go

about with

mounted on a vertical non-magnetic guide 4 with a constant pitch. Inside the guide there is a ferromagnetic head 5, which contacts with the bottom end with the ferromagnetic shank 6 of the tool 7. At the ends of the striker 5, the lower end of the end 6 and the upper end of the opposite end of this striker are made. The length of the lower groove is equal to the air working gap between the upper ends of winding 1 and the striker 5 when the latter is in the initial position. The length of the upper groove is always greater

length of the lower groove. The control unit contains end 8 and 9, intermediate 10.l-10.n-l sensors, an auxiliary sensor 1 1 of the striker position, a sensor for fixing the contact of the striker 5 with the tool shank and a control system, the signals for triggering of which come from the overlay sensors. Making the top groove longer than the bottom leads to an increase in the time it passes under the position sensors, which increases the time of the windings on the firing pin. and, therefore, impact energy. 4 il.

one

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to create electromagnetic hammers.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the impact energy and reduce axial dimensions.

Figure 1 shows the electromagnetic motor; figure 2 is the same, a longitudinal section; FIG. 3 is a functional circuit of an electromagnetic drive of percussion; FIG. 4 is a section A-A in FIG. 1;

An electromagnetic percussion actuator includes an electromagnetic motor and a control device for this motor.

Electromagnetic engine contains power windings 1, b, ... 1 ", C ,, each of which has a length of 1 and is enclosed in a magnetic circuit consisting of a cylindrical hinge 2, closed from the ends by poles made in the form of flanges 3. Winding 1. (i 1,2, ..., p-1, p), enclosed in a magnetic conductor, is a cylinder, - a coil electromagnet.

Winding 1; mounted on a vertical non-magnetic guide 4 with a constant pitch h. Inside ferrule 4, there is a ferromagnetic head 5, the ratio of the length L of which to the step h of the windings is greater than one, but less than two. Head 5 bottom end packs with ferromagnetic tailings5

com 6 of the tool 7. In this case, the upper end of the striker 5 is located inside the winding 1, between this end of the striker 5 and the upper end of the winding 1, i.e. its upper end is formed by an air working gap (hereinafter referred to as the working gap). The magnitude of this working gap can vary from the smallest F to the maximum

I

FI values determined by the initial a and a final S positions of the striker 5, i.e. determined by the maximum change in stroke. striker 5, i.e. 7,

Maximum change of move, .- ..,

W С1 КС

The hammer depends on the purpose of the electromagnetic drive of the percussive action and is set when it is designed - the Scientific Research Institute. When using the drive for 0, breaking of the rock is set to about 50 mm, and when using this drive as an electromagnetic seismic source with preliminary preload of the radiating plate

five

 mahe

set in the order of 20-30 mm.

0

At the ends of the striker 5, the lower end of the shank 6 and the upper end of the opposite end of this striker are controlled by a groove having a different length. The length of the lower groove is F, i.e. equal to the distance (air working gap) between the upper ends of winding 1 and striker 5 when the latter is in the initial position

NII a, i. equal to the minimum working gap F, winding 1. The length F of the upper groove is always greater than the length F of the lower groove. In this device, the length of the upper groove is chosen equal to the length l, the power winding, i.e. FI (,, but Fj can take other values, both larger and smaller lengths 1 of the power winding. The depth of the upper and lower control of the grooves varies from 0.3 to 2.0 mm. A further increase in the depth of the grooves leads to a significant decrease sensitivity of used (transformer) sensors. On the other hand, it is known that the electrical parameters of such sensors improve with decreasing air gaps in their magnetic system. However, gaps do not make less than 0.3 mm, as technological variations in size can cause substantial asymmetry and sensor error. In the device control groove guides made uniform depth of 1.0 mm.

In addition, the part of the striker 5 without the top groove of the spine F has a length L-Fj, not less than the step h of winding 1; i.e. Lf h h.

When the striker 5 is in position and the upper end of this striker is located from the lower end of winding 1, i.e. from its lower end, at a distance: Ig, which is called the penetration depth of the striker 5 into the winding 1. When the striker 5 is in the position, the depth of its insertion into the winding 1 is If, - ims, ks 1pv Depth lj, g is called the depth pre-inserting the striker into the winding (usually (0.25fO, 4) lo.

In the proposed device, the depth 1 of the preliminary insertion of the striker 5 in the winding 1 is equal to 0.25-1. But it can take other values within the given limits of its change. The depth of insertion of the striker 5 in the winding 1 varies from a minimum value of 1 p. 0.25 1 to a maximum: H1 of a value of 0.25 1.

+ d

Max

. Depth of introduction of the striker 5 in

windings Ij from below (when the striker is idling) are the same and equal to 1 0.25: 1 + dMotkc- These windings 1; when the striker 5 is inserted into them, they have the same working gap, equal to F, from below. Working gap of winding 1 when introducing

five

0 5 0

50

five

in it, the striker 5 from the bottom can be significant from F in case of a successful striker

5 in position a, to F clAAciKc P walking striker 5 in position 5.

The depth of penetration of the striker 5 into each of the windings 1 (from above when the striker moves) in this device is zero, i.e. a current begins to flow through each winding when the lower end of the striker 5 and the upper end of the connected winding 1, - coincide. Accordingly, the working gap of all the windings 1, without exclusion, when the striker 5 is inserted into them, is the same above and equal to the length F of the upper control bore, which means it is equal to the length 1, and the power winding 1; (figure 2, the position b of the striker 5).

In addition, the electromagnetic motor contains the lower 8 and the upper 9 end sensors of the position of the striker 5, installed respectively below and above all the windings of the I intermediate sensors — the positions 10 .., 10, ..., 10, 10 ,, that are installed between the windings Ij, with the distance between the connected sensors 10.1, 10.2 and 10, 10p. Being equal to the step h of the windings, the auxiliary position sensor 11 mounted at a distance of step h above the sensor 9, which is set at a distance of step h from sensor 10 .,. Sensors 8, 9, 10-, 10, ..., 10п-1 10 ", are placed on guide 4 symmetrically with respect to windings 1.

Below sensor 8, on the guide 4, there is installed a sensor 12 for fixing the contact of the striker 5 with the shank 6 of the tool 7, consisting of a ferromagnetic hollow cylinder 13 and two identical systems of detachable poles 14, each of which contains four said poles 14 located in one plane at right angles to each other. The distance between the planes in which the poles 14 of the 1st and 2nd systems are located is chosen somewhat larger than the maximum change in the stroke of the striker 5.

When the striker 5 is in position a, it is under the poles 14 of the 1st system, and the shank 6 in contact with it is under the poles 14 of the 2nd system.

When the striker 5 is in position S, he is still under the policies of 14 of the 1st system, and the contact

2-n systems, i.e. The 14th poles of the system are located in the movement zone of the striker 3, and the 14th poles of the 2nd system are located in: the tail of the shank 6. Figure 4 shows the striker 5’s intermediate position between g and 8. At the poles 14 of the 1st system, windings 5 are installed excitation, and at the poles 14 of the 2nd system - the output windings 16. The excitation windings 15 are connected to an alternating voltage source, and the output windings 16 are interconnected in series so that their signals are summed. From the output windings 16, the signal is removed only when the striker contacts 5c with the shank 6; in the absence of this contact, the sensor 12 does not output a signal.

The lower end sensor 8 is installed from the lower end of the striker 5, when the latter is in the initial position a, at a distance equal to F i. equal to the air working gap between the upper ends of the striker 5 and winding Ij, when the striker 5 is in position a.

A control unit containing a n-channel is connected to windings 1-: a linear switch of these windings, as well as 2 (p-1) two-input elements AND 17, n elements 18, HE (2) (n + 2) formers 19 short pulses (hereinafter formers 19), n + 2 voltage comparators 20, (n + 1) voltage comparators 21, sources of reference voltages U and U, each channel of the switch connected to the supply rectifier U. and contains in series with the winding 1 a power switch 22; (, 2, ..., p-15p) with the inputs unlock and lock. Power switches 22j (, 25 ..., n-l, n) can be performed on thyristors. I,.

Each of the inputs unlocks the keys

22 (and 22 is associated with the output of one element And 17, and the driver from the inputs unlock the remaining keys (, 4, ..., p-1, p) with the outputs of two elements And 17, in addition, unlock the key 222 through shaper 19 is coupled to a fixation sensor 12.

Each of the sensors 9,10, 10, .. ,, lOf.2, 10 ,,, connected to the inverting inputs of their comparators 20 and 21. Sensor 8 is connected to the inverter

The non-inverting inputs of all comparators 20 and 21 are associated with the positive bands of the sources of reference voltages, respectively, Od and Uj.

The outputs of all comparators 20 through the drivers 19 are connected to the inputs of locking all keys 22 (, 2, ...,

n-1, n). In addition, each of the outputs of the comparators 20 sensors Yud., 10 ,, .., 10 ". , 10 п-1 through the element NOT 18 is connected with the first inputs of the elements And 17, respectively, of the keys

22 and 22 ,,, 22 and 22, ..., 22 and 22, f, i, 22, .1 and 22п, the outputs of the comparators 20 sensors 10 and 9 through the elements NOT 18 are connected to the first inputs of the elements AND 17 keys 22, and 22 | respectively. Each of the outputs of the comparators 21 sensors 102,05, ..., 10 „-I | p-i ®P shaper 19 is connected to the second inputs of the elements And 17, respectively, of the keys 22. .22ts,

, ..., 22 ". And 22", 22 ". And-22", the outputs of the comparators 21 of the JO sensors, 9 and 11 through the shapers of 19 common protection) with the second inputs of the And 17 elements, respectively, of the keys 22,

22, 22,., And 22 ,.

Sensors 8.9, I О ,, О,, 10 „.;,

1.1 are installed on the guide 4, are identical and are transformer-type sensors with an open magnetic circuit, each of which carries the signal Ujj when the striker 5 is located outside the zone of this sensor, when its magnetic circuit is closed by the lower groove of the striker 5, U, the closure of its magnetic core upper groove of the striker 5 and Uj, when the closure of its magnetic conductor part of the striker 5, which does not have grooves. The output signals n, and ip2 for the duration of the closure time of the magnetic circuit of each of the said sensors, respectively, the lower, upper grooves and the part of the striker 5 that does not have grooves. The amplitude of the signals U-p, and

are equal.

In addition, when closing the magnetic circuit of each sensor 10 ,, Yu,

 l

,

ten

.11-1

and sensor 9 part of striker 5 as

having a groove, and not having it, a signal 1 appears at the output of the corresponding element HE 18.

The duration of this signal is equal to the passage time of the striker 5 in the zone

sensor (sensor closure time sensor wire briskly 5 /. USO signals DI ci and Up always have positive values, and

UDC ,, - U, and.;,. And. And,.

All drivers 19 are identical and are intended to create short pulses.

To start the device, there is a switch 23 installed in the power supply circuit and „2 sensors 12,

The device works as follows.

Moving by inertia, the striker 5 with the upper groove closes the magnetic conductor of the sensor 10, while its signal increases from V to 1, which leads to the appearance at the output of the comparator 20 connected with this sensor of the signal O, which inverts in the element HE 18, enters the first inputs of the elements AND 17 of the keys 22 and, then, the striker 5, with its rear part, which does not have a groove, opens the magnetic circuit of the sensor 10j. At this time, the striker 5 is inserted into the winding C

For example, suppose, in the initial state, 15 to a depth of Ig and the distance between the top of the SG device 5, which is in contact with the end face of the striker 5 and the end of this common with the stem 6, occupies the initial position q (Fig. 2). At the same time, it is located under the poles 14 of the sensor 12, on which the excitation windings 15 are installed, and the shank 6 - under the poles 14, on which the output windings 16 are mounted (Fig. 4). Being in position q, the striker 5 closes the magnetic conductors of sensors 8, 10 and 12. After being closed with switch 23, the power supply circuit and sensor 12 (excitation windings 15) from the output windings 16, i.e. From the sensor 12, a signal is removed, which, through its associated shaper 19, enters the unlocking input of the key 22, j and unlocks it. A current begins to flow along winding 1 and the striker 5 begins to be drawn in by this winding.

As the hammer 5 is pulled in, the distance, which in this case is equal to the working winding gap, reaches the end of this winding. At this moment, the magnetic conductor of the sensor 8 is opened by the lower groove and its signal decreases from U- to Ujj. This leads to the appearance at the output of the comparator 20, associated with this sensor, a signal 1, which, after the imaging unit 19, in the form of a short pulse arrives at the locking inputs of all keys 22, (, 2, ..., p-1, p). Key 22J is locked and winding 1 is turned off. The remaining magnetic field of the winding is dissipated in the discharge circuit connected in parallel to this winding, and the firing pin 5 continues to move by inertia. Since the energy dissipation of the magnetic field in other windings is made similarly, the mention of this in the further description of the operation of the device is pubescent.

the coil equals FI, and the signal of the sensor 10y at this time decreases from -p, to ujj,. The latter leads to the appearance of

20 at the output of the comparator 21, connected with the sensor 10, of the signal 1, which, after the former 19, in the form of a short pulse passes through the open element 17 and enters the input

25 unlock the key 22. The latter unlocks, a current begins to flow along the winding Q and the striker 5 begins to be drawn in by this winding.

As it is pulled in, the hammer 5 passes a distance F, and reaches the end of this winding. At this moment, the magnetic circuit of the sensor 10 is opened by a lower groove and its signal decreases from U to Ujj, which results in output at the output of the comparator 20 associated with this sensor, signal 1, which after the short pulse shaper 19 on the inputs lock all

40 keys 22, (, 2, ..., p-1, p). The key is. 22 is locked and the winding C is turned off, and the hammer 5 continues to move by inertia.

Moving by inertia, the dowel 5 with its top groove closes the magnetic core of the sensor 10 and the described processes are repeated.

Continuing its upward movement as under the action of electromagnetic forces,

50 active 1X consistently from the side of the remaining windings, and by inertia in the Gaps in the absence of the above forces, the hammer 5 at a certain point in time reaches its edge 55 of its upper position and stops, ending the reverse (idle) stroke. Then, under the force of the force of heavy metal, the hammer 5 begins to move in the opposite direction, making

Moving by inertia, the striker 5 with the upper groove closes the magnetic conductor of the sensor 10, while its signal increases from V to 1, which leads to the appearance at the output of the comparator 20 connected with this sensor of the signal O, which inverts in the element HE 18, enters the first inputs of the elements AND 17 of the keys 22 and, then, the striker 5, with its rear part, which does not have a groove, opens the magnetic circuit of the sensor 10j. At this time, the striker 5 is inserted into the winding C

to the depth of Ig and the distance between the top - .j end of the striker 5 and the end of this winding is equal to FI, and the signal of the sensor 10y at this time decreases from –p, TO Ujj,. The latter leads to the appearance of

at the output of the comparator 21 connected with the sensor 10, the signal 1, which after the generator 19 in the form of a short pulse passes through the open element And 17 and enters the input

unlock the key 22. The last one is unlocked, a current begins to flow along the winding Q and the striker 5 begins to be drawn in by this winding.

As it is pulled in, the hammer 5 passes the distance F, and reaches the end of this winding. At this moment, the magnetic conductor of the sensor 10 is opened by the lower groove and its signal decreases from U to Ujj, which leads to the output of the comparator 20 associated with this sensor, signal 1, which, after the former 19, has a short pulse. entrances lock all

keys 22, (, 2, ..., p-1, p). The key is. 22 is locked and the winding C is turned off, and the hammer 5 continues to move by inertia.

Moving by inertia, the striker 5 with the upper groove closes the magnetic core of the sensor 10 and the described processes are repeated.

Continuing its upward movement as under the action of electromagnetic forces,

active 1X consistently from the side of the remaining windings, and by inertia in the Gaps in the absence of the above forces, the hammer 5 at a certain point in time reaches its extreme upper position and stops, ending the reverse (idle) stroke. Then, under the force of the force of heavy metal, the hammer 5 begins to move in the opposite direction, making

91

(working) stroke, and at a certain MOO, the moment when the rear part, which does not have a groove, opens the magnetic conductor of the sensor 11 (FIG. 2, position &). At this time, the front end of the striker 5 and the upper end of the winding I coincide and the distance between the lower ends of the striker 5 and the winding 1 (its condom) becomes equal to Fj, i.e. equal to the length 1d of the winding 1 ", and the signal of the sensor 1I at this time decreases from and" to Ujp, the latter leads to the appearance at the output of the comparator 21 connected to the sensor 11, a signal 1, which after the former 19 as a short the pulse passes through the open second element I 17 and enters the unlocking input of the key 22n. The latter is unlocked, a current begins to flow through the winding k and the striker 5 begins to be drawn in by this winding.

As it is pulled in, the striker 5 passes the distance FA, which is greater than the distance F, which it passes through the same winding when idling, and therefore when it reaches the end of the winding 1, it acquires a greater speed under the action of electromagnetic force, compared to its CKOJ rusti at the moment of reaching the end of the winding 1 (at idle.

At the same time, the trip of the sensor 11 by the upper leakage path is opened and, consequently, its signal decreases from U to 4. This leads to the left of the comparator 20 connected with this sensor, signal 1, which - Mirovat l 19 in the form of a short pulse arrives at the inputs of locking all keys 22, (, 2, ... nl, n). The key 22 is locked and the winding 1, is turned off, and the firing pin 5 continues to move down by inertia and under the influence of gravity.

Moving down, the striker 5 closes the magnesium with the lower spacer, the conductor of the sensor 10, and the described processes are repeated with the only difference that the keys 22; (, 2, ..., p-2, p-1) are unlocked - through the other (second) elements of And 17, which were not used when the striker was idling.

Continuing its movement, the striker 5 at the end of the working stroke strikes the shank 6 of the tool 7, while producing useful work, closes the sensor 12 magnetic circuit again.

2679iO

fixing and the described cycle of the device operation is repeated.

The execution in the proposed I-T-magnetic drive of the impact action of the control grooves of different lengths is 1-1s, the execution of the upper groove is longer than the lower one, running along the length of the lower groove equal to the working gap between the upper ends of the striker and the second winding from the bottom, the striker in the initial position, as well as the installation of the lower end sensor at the same distance from the 15 lower end of the striker when it is in the initial position, allow to increase the impact energy of this drive while reducing its

Claims (1)

axial size. 0 claims Electromagnetic percussion actuator, including an electromagnetic motor, containing n power windings installed with a constant 25 pitch on a vertical non-magnetic guide, inside of which there is a ferromagnetic head, the ratio of the length of which to the step of the windings is greater than one, but less than two, and which is in one end facing the ferromagnetic shank of the tool, while its other end is located inside the second bottom of the winding to form air gap between the end face of the striker and the upper end of this winding, control grooves are made at the ends of the ferromagnetic die, and the bottom groove is made equal to the length of the air. the working gap of the second winding from the bottom, and the control system containing the lower and upper end position sensors of the striker, installed respectively below and above all the current, the auxiliary position sensor of the striker, (p-1) intermediate sensors and the sensor for fixing the contact of the striker with the shank tool, l and h and y u and with the fact that, Q to increase the impact energy and; reducing the axial size, the upper control groove of the striker is made longer than the lower controlling groove, and the lower concession sensor is installed at a distance from the lower end of the striker when the latter is in the lower position equal to the second working winding gap from the bottom of the winding. U32679 12 8 1 10J p-2 Jupe-1 fn-fffff - / fn y | / y | / y / jy) | / y | / rf- | y I, I ryi // / /// / L7 /// x / / VN 1Ж1L „,,, д.,. /,.,; 4g st l l .