SU1335167A1 - Method of processing corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, can be used to obtain food and feed grains of maize and other 15 feeds from it and allows for an increase in labor productivity as well as in the yield of feed. Corn cobs are cleaned on the floor and, in wrappers, are first dried to a grain moisture of 20–25%, and then threshed. Separated from the threshed grain, the grain is dried to a moisture content of 13–14%, cooled, and sent to storage. Rods and wrappers obtained after threshing were crushed into particles no longer than 30 mm and masses not more than 6 mm long. The crushed mass is dried to a moisture content of 8–12% and ground into flour. In the case of briquetting the crushed mass, it is dried to a moisture content of 15–17%. 1 il. (L with s OQ cl 05

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain food-feed grains of maize and other fodder products from it.

. The purpose of the invention is to demonstrate the productivity of labor and the output of feedstuffs.

The method includes the following operations.

Corn on the cob, with virtually any moisture content of the grain, is harvested and transported directly from the fields without a special cleaning, the wrappers are transported to the processing plant and loaded into a dryer.

In the dryer, the cobs are dried to a grain moisture of 20–25%, then cooled to a temperature that is 3 times higher than the outside air temperature, and sent to threshing. On threshers, cobs are threshed and grain is separated.

The separated grain is fed to the dryer,

where it is dried to a moisture content of 13-14%. After drying, the corn grain is cooled and stored, followed by cleaning and calibration.

.. The wrappers and cobs of the cobs separated in the thresher are fed to the crusher, where they are crushed into particles no longer than 30 mm. The crushed mass is dried to a moisture content of 8 - 12% and ground into flour,

Antioxidants are added to the flour and bagged for storage or granulated.

If necessary, the crushed mass is dried to a moisture content of 15 - 17% and briquetted, after which it is put in storage.

The drawing shows a flow chart of waste-free processing of corn on the cob at a feed mill, illustrating the proposed method.

The scheme contains a receiving mechanized bunker 1, an inclined belt conveyor 2 located under the bunker 1, a temporary storage and drying bunker 3 that contains a loading conveyor 4 mounted above the tank 5 with cone dischargers and vibrating feeders, under which the discharge conveyor 6 is installed .

Along the entire length of the tank 5 is a tunnel with mesh walls (not

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shown) ending in a diffuser

7, in front of which a jet engine 8 is mounted.

Behind the conveyor 6 there is an inclined conveyor 9 for loading the storage hopper 10, under which there are two threshers 11.

Under the threshing machines 11 there is a conveyor 12 for the grain and a conveyor 13 for the wraps and cobs. Behind the conveyor 12 is the nori 14 for loading the grain tank 15, after which the dryer 16 is located.

A pneumatic cylinder 17 is installed behind the conveyor 13 to load the intermediate bunker 18, under which an inclined conveyor 19 is installed to transfer wrappers and rods to the crusher 20. After the crusher 20, an assembly 21 is installed for drying and grinding into crushed flour followed by a press granule torus 22.

Instead of the pellet pressor 22, a briquetting machine can be installed.

Example. Corn on the cob starts to be harvested on the floor at the beginning of the milky-wax ripeness phase with a grain moisture of 45-52% and removed to full ripeness inclusive. Io.chatki-directly from the fields without prior cleansing of the wrappers by motor transport is delivered to the plant, an average sample is taken and loaded into the mechanized bunker 1. From the hopper 1 corn cob 2 is loaded onto the conveyor belt, the conveyor 4 of the hopper 3, with which the container is loaded 5 along the entire length with a layer height of 1–1.5 m.

After filling the tank 5 (300 - 350 tons) turn on the jet engine

8, from the nozzle of which a stream of hot air enters the diffuser 7 and from it passes through the entire tunnel of the tank 5. The temperature of the hot air entering the tunnel of the tank is 5–70–80 ° C. Over the entire length of the tank 5, the drying mode is monitored using sensors (not shown).

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Hot air is supplied for drying periodically. When the corn grain content reaches 55%, in one of the zones of the tank 5, the cobs from this zone are discharged through the vibrating feeders of the cone unloaders of the tank 5 to the conveyor 6, which is overheated 1

pushes them onto an inclined conveyor 9 for loading into storage hopper 10.

During transportation on conveyors 6 and 9, corn on the cob is cooled with outside air to a temperature that is 4–4.5 ° C higher than the temperature of the outside air.

From the storage hopper 10, the corn cobs fall by gravity onto the threshers 11, where the threshing and separation of the grain occurs.

The resulting threshing and separation of grain from the threshers 1I falls on the conveyor 12, and the wrappers and cobs of cobs - on the conveyor 1 3.

Corn from conveyor 12 is loaded with elevator 14 into hopper 15, from which its vehicle (or conveyors) is loaded into dryer 16.

in the dryer 16, the grain is dried to a moisture content of 14%, after which it is cooled with outside air and sent to storage.

Wraps and rods of cobs, as well as 3-5% of the crushed grain from the conveyor 13, are served by means of a pneumatic drive 17 into the intermediate hopper 18

From the hopper 18 of the wrench and the rods of the cobs, using the conveyor 19, is fed to the crusher 20, where it is crushed into particles up to 30 mm long and not more than 6 mm thick.

The crushed mass of rods and wrappers is transferred from the crusher 20 to an aggregate 21 for drying the mass and preparing food meal.

In aggregate 21 of crushed grain, the mass of rods and wrappers is dried at 100-130 ° C and ground into flour. The moisture content of the prepared flour from the wrappers and cobs for storage is 8 - 12%.

If the flour is transferred from unit 21 to press granulator 22, then its moisture content is adjusted to 13–14%. In pelletizer 22, granules with a diameter of 10 or 14 mm are obtained. The granules are cooled and packaged for storage.

If, instead of the pelletizer 22, a briquetting machine is installed, then in the unit 21, the crushed mass of wrappers and rods is dried to a moisture content of 15–17% and is not ground into a briquette bath. Ready briquettes are cooled and stored.

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To reduce the loss of carotene during storage, antioxidants, diludin or santokhin, are introduced into the mealmeal or crushed mass.

Thus, corn on the cob completely without waste is processed into food and feed grains and feedstuff.

According to the averaged analyzes, the feed flour contains 3-5% of crude protein (in dry matter), 17–26% of fiber (in dry matter), and 0.7 kg of feed unit in 1 kg.

Flour is used for the preparation of animal feed (this saves fodder grain) or is enriched with molasses, urea or liquid yeast and fed to animals.

By drying the corn cobs in wrappers, laborious operations to clean the cobs from the wrappers are eliminated and transport traffic is reduced, which results in improved labor productivity in the processing of corn on the cob and a decrease in grain losses due to its collapse during the cleaning of the cobs from the wraps and transport.

Eliminating the cleaning of the cobs from the wraps before drying allows the corn to be processed on the cob for greater moisture. This is due to the fact that cleaning the corn cob wrappers with a grain moisture of cBbmie 40% leads to a significant injury to the grain and, consequently, a large loss of m. In connection with this, with the known methods, corn with a moisture content of over 40% is not treated.

The possibility of using the proposed method of processing corn cobs with a grain moisture content of over 40% makes it possible to increase the harvesting period for corn and begin harvesting corn at the beginning of milky-waxy ripeness.

Due to an increase in the corn harvesting period, long-term storage of corn cobs prior to drying is eliminated and the grain quality is preserved, as well as overloads in transport and processing plants are reduced.

The proposed method involves the transport of cobs and the elimination of the cleaning of cobs from wrappers before drying. it

reduces grain losses due to injury and self-shattering of grain, and also significantly increases the productivity of corn processing.

The elimination of the cleaning of cobs from wrappers before drying allows an increase in the period of harvesting corn on the cob, which reduces the storage time of the corn before processing and ensures a more even load of transport and processing plants.

Compiled by I. Koltsov Editor I. Nikolaichuk Tehred I. Popovich Corrector A. Tsko

Order 3989/2

Circulation 627 Subscription

VNIIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Claims (1)

Formula and goiter R. shadows A method of processing corn, including the fractional harvesting of cobs, their drying, threshing, separation of threshed mass and finishing the grain selected as a result of separation, characterized in that, in order to increase labor productivity and yield of feed, drying and the threshing of the cobs is produced in wrappers, and the rods and wrappers selected as a result of separation are crushed, dried and ground into flour or briquetted.