SU682217A1 - Method of preparation of feed from food wastes - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to the technology of preparing feeds of the type of nutritious flour or granules from various raw materials, in particular from food waste of cities and industrial enterprises.

At present, the predominant method of processing food waste is to boil them at high temperature and pressure with the addition of a significant amount of water 1.

The disadvantages of this method are: excessive wetting of the resulting feed and, therefore, low nutrient content, complexity and bulkiness of equipment and the absence of mechanical sorting of food waste. Prepared feeds are not suitable for long-term storage and storage for the future, which is especially important given the seasonal availability and use of waste, they cannot be used on new livestock farms when using the technology of feeding dry and wet feeds.

There is also known a method of preparing food from food waste, including the separation of mechanical irrimesses, grinding and mixing with other feeds and additives, firing drying at 100–900 ° C in a rotating drum while simultaneously granulating by rolling a portion of the food along the drum 2 walls.

The disadvantages of this method are

poor-quality waste sorting, significantly HH) the quality of the product obtained, the compulsory need to add other feeds before drying, high drying temperatures, resulting in

burning of the processed material and significant loss of nutrients, the need to sort the resulting granules with a separation of the burned. The domestic industry does not produce standard equipment for implementing this method.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for preparing food from food waste that does not have marked disadvantages and allows to obtain high-quality food in the form of flour or granules using equipment commercially produced by domestic industry.

This goal is achieved by a method in which, before separating mechanical impurities, the waste is first dried at 70-80 ° C, and after grinding, the dried waste is subjected to final drying at 120-130 ° C.

Moreover, to facilitate the separation of mechanical impurities, the pre-dried waste is fed for grinding by pneumatic transport in a pipeline equipped with a trap for mechanical impurities.

The drawing shows schematically a line for the preparation of food from food waste, designed to implement the proposed method.

The method is carried out as follows.

Food waste using a tractor loader TG-150, visited on a tractor RS-09, is fed to the loading conveyor 1 of an existing unit 2 (for example, an AVM-type unit commercially produced by domestic industry) and subjected to a primary substance at a temperature of 75 ° C at the outlet of the essential the drum. Submission of food waste to the primary substance in its natural form (without grinding) eliminates their adhesion to the wall of the essential drum and burning to them, contributes to better preservation of nutrients and facilitates the separation of non-feed inclusions.

The dried waste from the substantial drum is transported through pipeline 3 by means of a cyclone and fed into container 4. Large feed inclusions such as bones, large pieces of bread, potatoes, beets and non-feed inclusions (stones, glass, metal objects) fall into the trap 5. Capacities 4, the saturated waste through the pipeline 6 are fed by air flow to the dispenser 7, and from it to the grinder 8 (for example, type KDM), where they are crushed to the size of 1.5-2 cm. The ground waste is conveyed to the feed conveyor of the second substantial unit 10 (of the same type as the first), in which the final desushivanie at a temperature of 125 ° C at the outlet of the essential drum and neutralization (from pathogenic and saprophytic microflora). Stained and neutralized waste through the pneumatic line 11 enters the drive 12, from it through the pipeline 13 they are fed into the dispenser 14 and then into the mill 15, where they are ground to flour. The obtained flour by pneumatic transport 16 is fed to the granulator 17 (for example, of the type OGM). After granulation, the waste is ready for feeding and transported to storage and use sites.

Feed and non-feed inclusions trapped in the trap 5, with the help of a loader, are loaded into a bath filled with an aqueous saturated salt solution, where non-feed inclusions such as stones, metal and glass objects sink, and

the number and the bones remain floating on the surface, from where they are collected by the same loader wagon (the saline solution flows through the holes in the bucket),

served in a grinder 8 and iodverzhdayut further processing as described above. This ensures the full utilization of all food inclusions of waste received.

Waste of industrial enterprises (tanneries, etc.) is processed by feeding to the second substantial unit, and then - similarly to that described. Thus, the proposed method

provides highly mechanized continuous processing of food waste with removal of non-feed inclusions and preservation of all nutrients, neutralization and obtaining high-quality

feed in the form of pellets (or flour), suitable for long-term storage and harvesting for the future, using equipment commercially produced by domestic industry.

The method developed at the farm "Seliuty Vitebsk region. BSSR and successfully forgiven the experimental verification. According to studies obtained by the proposed method of granules, conducted at the department

feeding animals from the Vitebsk Veterinary Institute, their nutritional value is as follows: moisture - 14.4%, 1 kg of pellets contains 0.9 feed units, 89 g of digestible protein, 10 g of calcium, 4.5 g

phosphorus. Feed is eaten readily by pigs and cattle.

Claims (2)

Invention Formula 1- Method of preparing food from food waste, including separation of mechanical impurities from waste, grinding, drying and granulation, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality before the separation of mechanical impurities, the waste is pre-dried at a temperature of 70-80 ° C, and after grinding the waste matter is carried out at a temperature of 120-130 ° C. 2. A method according to claim I, characterized in that, in order to facilitate the separation of mechanical impurities, the preliminarily dispersed wastes are fed for grinding by pneumatic transfer in a pipeline equipped with a trap for mechanical impurities. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Kondratyev M. Processing and use of food waste. - “Pig breeding, 1975, No. 11, p. 29-30. 2. USSR author's certificate number 422404, cl. A 23K 1/10, 1974.