SU1320595A1 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to incinerators containing organic substances, the disposal of which is difficult due to the presence of heavy burnable components and substances prone to sticking when heated, as well as due to difficulties in loading these wastes into the kiln without additional preparation , and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, and other industries of the industry, as well as in agriculture. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the incineration of waste. The furnace is a vertical combustion chamber with a narrowing in height, in the lining of which an air-heating channel 10 with a flap 12 is made. The furnace loading device is made in the form of a main and auxiliary rolls connected between coS (L P

Description

the endless belt 19 and the belt conveyor 20, wherein the main and auxiliary rolls are spring-loaded and can move relative to the roll of the belt conveyor. A gas distribution grid 4 is installed in the lower part of the furnace; a pipeline is attached to it along the bottom along the axis

one

The invention relates to waste incinerators containing organic substances (plastic waste bags, fabric filters), which are difficult to dispose of, due to the presence in them of heavy burning components and substances prone to bonding when heated and can be used in chemical, petrochemical and other industries, as well as in rural and communal households.

The purpose of the invention is to intensify the combustion process.

The drawing shows a waste incinerator.

The proposed furnace is a vertical lined combustion chamber bounded by bottom 1 of roof 2 and side walls 3. A gas distribution grill 4 is located above bottom 1 with pipeline 5 fixed in it along the vertical axis of the furnace with pipes 6 and 7 for supplying fuel gas and air respectively the locking device 8, which together with the lower part of the side walls 3 and the bottom 1 forms an air chamber 9. In the lining of the side walls 3 and the roof 2 of the furnace, an air heating channel 10 is made, connected to an air supply pipe 11 provided with a valve 12 located at half the height of the vertical section of the channel 10, with nozzles 13 connecting the channel with the combustion chamber at the level of waste supply to the pipe 14 for air supply for combustion. On the gas distribution grid 4 is placed the boiling layer 15. The loading device 16 is located in the side wall and is made in the form of

with nozzles 6 and 7 and locking devices 8. The execution of the loading device in the form of rolls makes it possible to load waste without prior preparation, which contributes to the intensification of the waste incineration process. „1 Il.

O

five

0

five

0

five

0

surrounded by heat exchange surfaces with axes 17 and 18, equal in diameter, equipped with a mechanical drive, the main and auxiliary rolls, interconnected by an endless belt 19, and a belt conveyor 20, the roll axis of which is located on the same vertical with the axis of rotation of the main roll, and the axis of rotation of the auxiliary roll is equally removed from the axes of rotation of the main roll and the roll of the belt conveyor 20. The main and auxiliary rolls of the loading device 16 are fixed to the shell of the furnace 21 by means of clamps 22, springs 23, and 24. The fastening system makes it possible to move the main and auxiliary rolls relative to the roller of the belt conveyor 20 together with the axes 24, and also to rotate the rolls relative to the axis 24. In the side wall of the furnace free from channel 10, near the roof in the upper part of the furnace 25 smoke exhaust duct 26 is made.

The furnace works as follows.

On the gas distribution grid 4 using a belt conveyor 20 load quartz sand, a fraction of 0.2-0.5 mm, serves to fluidize the air through pipe 14, channel 10 and pipe 11, with the vertical position of the valve 12, and through pipe 5 and pipe 6 - natural gas and heat the furnace to 800-. After the furnace has reached the required temperature condition, the belt conveyor 20 and the charging device 16 supply organic waste, such as soiled plastic bags and used fabric filters, to the heated boiling layer 15. Section

Gaseous products that are pyrolyzed are directed through a constriction into the upper part of the furnace, where they supply burning hot air through nozzles 13 at 950-1OOO C. The amount of air required for burning gaseous products is regulated by a damper 12. As the feed rate of the waste stabilizes , the flow of natural gas through line 5 is stopped and cold air is supplied through pipe 7. Unburned waste components are periodically discharged through conduit 5, while using the locking device 8, thereby maintaining the height of the fluidized bed at the same level. Exhaust flue gases through the chimney 26 are first sent to the recovery boiler, then cleaned and released into the atmosphere. The required temperature level in the fluidized bed 15 in the upper part of the furnace 25 is maintained by varying the feed rate of the waste, the damper 12 and the amount of cold air supplied through the pipeline 5.

The implementation of the loading device in the form of rolls makes it possible to load waste without prior preparation, which contributes to the intensification of the waste incineration process. In addition, the design of the loading device allows the loading of waste directly into the fluidized bed,

which also sharply intensifies the pro-rolls, the formation of a plug is possible.

the process of complete burnout of waste, since, once in the fluidized bed, the bulk of the waste is gasified, the reflow stage is mined due to the intensive heat and mass exchange of the latter with particles of the fluidized bed.

When loading waste containing low-melting tons of jelly-burning components into the furnace, it is necessary to maintain the temperature on the rolls not higher than 100-150 ° C, since at a higher temperature it is possible that the waste melts and sticks to the rolls. To prevent this undesirable effect, protective water-cooled heat exchange surfaces serve. The implementation of the loading device in the form of a system of pressure rolls with a belt conveyor is primarily due to the properties and form of the loaded waste, the need for dosing of waste, the loading speed of which determines the overall temperature.

f5

5 205954

ny regime in the furnace. Plastic bags and used fabric filters with leftover filtrate cannot be loaded into the kiln using another loading device without prior treatment. Experiments have shown that the optimum shed for loading these wastes is formed under the condition of an equal diameter of the rolls and the location of the main pressure roll on the same vertical with the roll of the belt conveyor. Under these conditions, there is minimal slippage of waste during loading. The location of the additional roll equidistant from the main roll and the roll of the belt conveyor is associated with the need to direct the tape of loaded waste down onto the fluidized bed, since only in this case can the maximum effect be achieved during incineration. The same purpose is served by the endless tape connecting the two pressure rollers, since, in its absence, the waste can rise up and form a plug, which will lead to an emergency and stop the operation of the loading device. When collecting industrial waste sorting is usually absent. When such waste is loaded into the furnace, chunks and lumps, which are larger than the bulk of the deformable waste, which, on contact with

20

25

thirty

0

five

0

five

which causes the stopping of the loading device, which, in turn, leads to a drop in temperature in the fluidized bed and the combustion chamber and reduces the rate of burnout of waste. To prevent frequent stops of the loading device, the main and auxiliary rolls are spring-loaded with the possibility of their movement relative to the belt conveyor roll. In this case, first the main roll, and after it the additional roll up and pass into the oven a piece, after which, under the influence of the spring, the rolls return to their original position.

The use of the invention allows to automate the process, significantly expand the range of incinerated waste, ensure high efficiency and relieve thermal stresses of the furnace lining.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A waste incinerator containing a vertical lined combustion chamber with a narrowing in height by the Nozzles in the side wall, a heat distribution surface, a gas distribution grill for accommodating the Kiefer gas layer separating the heat chamber from the furnace, a charging device and - tir, jo a so that, for the purpose of scaling the waste incineration, the loading device is flush with the nozzles and made in the form of the main and auxiliary rolls surrounded by heat exchange surfaces connected between oboj endless belt, and the belt fO 15 the conveyor, the axis of rotation of which is located on the same vertical with the axis of rotation of the main roller, and the axis of rotation of the additional roller is equally removed from the axis of rotation of the main roller and the belt conveyor roller, the main and additional rollers of the loading device are spring-loaded and executed with the possibility of movement relative to the belt conveyor roller, the channel axis is made, the upper end of which is located at the level of the gas distribution grid, and the lower one passing through the air chamber and with dynes yuschy topochnuto chamber to the environment, has fittings and locking devices. Editor I. Segl nickname Order 2644/41 Compiled by T. Lepahina Tehred A. Kravchuk Circulation 494 VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Proofreader A.Ilyin Subscription