SU1318194A1 - Rotary separator of machine for harvesting root and tuber crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for harvesting root and vegetable crops. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of soil separation and decrease the damageability of the separated root and tuber crops. During the operation of the rotary separator, the undermined layer enters the blade disks 2, is milled and crushed by them, and then the destroyed soil spills through the separating gaps between the blades. This is facilitated by the fact that the blade disks are made with alternating elongated 6 and shortened 5 blades located symmetrically to the axis of rotation of the shaft 3. A decrease in the length and width of the elongated 6 blades in the course of the technological process increases their separation. The diameter of the discs with elongated blades of the first section is equal to twice the center distance between adjacent shafts. Installing sections with discs provided with elongated blades 6 between two sections with blades of the same length allows each section with elongated blades 6 to clean the other two adjacent sections. 1 hp f-ly, 4 ill. i (L with L 00 with Figure 1

Description

FIELD: agricultural. machine building, in particular for machines for harvesting predominantly root and tuber crops.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of soil separation and decrease the damageability of the separated root and tuber crops.

FIG. i shows a rotary separator for machines for harvesting tubers, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - separated disks, axonometrics; in fig. 4 - the same, option.

The rotary separator for machines for harvesting of tubers contains an inclined frame 1 and bladed discs 2 fixed on the shafts 3 installed in support bearings. The discs 2 are fixed from mixing along the shaft with spacer sleeves 4 and may include alternating shortened 5 and elongated 6 blades, or only shortened blades 5. The first, third, fourth, sixth and so on shafts 3 are mounted on disks 2 with the same length (shortened) blades. On the second, fifth, and so on, the shafts 3 are mounted, for example, disks 2 with different blade lengths. Each disk 2 can be equipped with two or more elongated widened blades. Each section equipped with such disks 2 cleans the disks, as a rule, of two adjacent sections located on both sides.

The number of shortened blades 5 in the disk 2 may be equal to or greater than the number of elongated blades 6. The blades must be located symmetrically relative to the axis of rotation to eliminate imbalance and vibration of the disk sections. The length and width of the elongated blades 6 decrease as the process progresses. The diameter of the discs 2 with elongated blades 6 of the first section is equal to twice the center distance between adjacent shafts 3.

The separator works as follows.

The undermined soil layer enters the blade disks 2, is milled and crushed by them, and then the destroyed soil spills through the separating gaps between the blades. The blades 5 are milled, transported, crumbled and sift the soil, and the blades 6 additionally clean the separating discs, as well as the shafts from sticking soil, plant residues and tops, purity thus separating the gaps between the separator discs and excluding the winding on the shafts and discs of tops and vegetable residues.

Loosened soil wakes up better through cleared separation gaps. When the number of lashes-cleansers equal to two, more than 2/3 of the lateral surface area of the disks is cleaned. As the undermined mass progresses, the soil is destroyed and sifted, whereby the proportion of soil on the separator decreases, and the separated root and tubular crops grow. The latter are unprotected and

may be severely damaged. However, reducing the length of the blades of chistik allows reducing the circumferential speed of hitting the blades on the root and tuber crops, and reducing their width contributes to the partial overgrowth of the blades with soil (creating a soil cushion) and, ultimately, reducing the damage to the separated product. A decrease in the width and length of the blades of the chistik in the direction of movement of the mass increases the separation gaps and

5 compensates for some reduction due to soil sticking to the blades and the shafts, since it is not in each case that the soil spans the entire lumen, by sticking to the blades or the shaft.

Installing sections with discs provided with elongated blades of mysticism, between two sections with blades of conventional length, allows each section with blades of mysticators to clean the other two adjacent sections. In addition, such a sequence of installation of sections allows to reduce the required number of disks with blades of mystic, which are more material intensive and difficult to manufacture. With such an arrangement, the separator from six sections is cleaned with only two seconds, and from nine - three, etc.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary separator for the harvesting of root crops, containing parallel and consecutively rotating in one direction shafts with loosening elements, the loosening elements of each subsequent shaft being installed in the gaps between the loosening elements of the previous shaft, characterized in that efficiency of soil separation and reduction of damageability of the separated root and tuber crops, loose elements are made in the form of vane disks with alternating 5 elongated and shortened blades located symmetrically to the axis of rotation of the shaft, with the length and width of the elongated blades decreasing as the process progresses, and the diameter of the discs with elongated blades first Section 0 is equal to twice the center distance between adjacent shafts. 2. A separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the loosening elements with alternating elongated and shortened blades are installed along the length of the separator with alternating, mainly through two sections, with loosening elements that are made in the form of vaned disks having blades of the same lengths J 5 turned FIG. 2 9u.G. 9g Editor O. Golovach Order 2443/1 Compiled by A. Yakovlev Tehred I. VeresKorrektor L. Patay Circulation 629Subscribe VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, ul. Project, 4