SU1292019A1 - Device for reading graphic information - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to computing, in particular, to semi-automatic devices for reading the coordinates of image elements, the principle of action of which is based on measuring the propagation time of an ultrasonic wave in various media, and can be used in automated information processing systems in mechanical engineering and cartography. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the device, for which two multiplication units, delay elements, OR, NOT, a counter, are introduced into it, and the information processing method has changed, the essence of which is to determine iХ and iY for each point of the two-dimensional array, to determine the products lH, DU;., and & H., iY and comparing these works with given accuracy. In the process of such processing, the coordinates of the characteristic points arrive at the output of the device for input into the computer, and the coordinates of the points lying on the straight sections of the curve are not received at the output of the device and are not entered into the computer. 2 Il. (L to so yu

Description

The invention relates to automation and computing, in particular, to semi-automatic devices for reading the coordinates of image elements from documents, the principle of which is based on measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic waves in various media, and can be used to convert complex graphic information into digital form with subsequent m entering it into the computer.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify the device. FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a device for reading graphic information; FIG. 2 is a curve for explaining the operation of the device.

The graphic information reading device comprises a tablet 1, on mutually perpendicular sides of which linear coordinate microphones 2 and 3 are installed, connected to coordinate conversion units 4 and 5, the outputs of which are connected to one of the trigger inputs 6 and 7, the first electroacoustic converter 8, acoustically associated with the linear coordinate microphones 2 and 3, the second electroacoustic transducer 9, acoustically associated with the sound receiver. 10 and connected to the correction unit 11, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of the elements 12 and 13, the distributor 14 pulses, the first output of which is connected to the first electro-acoustic converter 8 and the other inputs of the trigger 6 and 7, the outputs of which are connected to others the inputs of the elements 12 and 13, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the counters 15 and 16, the second output of the distributor 14 pulses are connected to the input of the correction unit 11 and with the electro-acoustic converter 9 "

The first input of the switch 17 is connected to the outputs of the counters 15 and 16, and the output is the output of the device. The first register 18 is connected to the second input of the switch 17 and the first inputs of the first 19 and second 20 subtraction units. The second register 21 is connected by the first input to the outputs of the counters 15 and 16 and to the second input of the subtraction unit 20, the output of the

d

5 ,, c

five

0

five

with the first input of register 18 and with the second input of subtractor 19.

The outputs of the first driver 22 signals are connected respectively to the first input of the second driver 23 signals, to the inputs of the elements 24 and 25, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the distributor 14 pulses, the output element And 24 is connected to the second input of the driver 23 signals. The outputs of the conversion units 4 and 5 and the third output of the pulse distributor 14 are connected to the inputs of the AND 26 element whose output is connected to the first input of the AND 27 element, the other input of which is connected to the output of the AND 25 element.

The device also contains elements 28 and 29, a comparison block 30, a synchronization block 31, first 32 and a second 33 multiplication blocks, the first

34 and the second 35 elements OR, the elements 36 and 37 of the delay, the counter 38, the ele ment, the HE 39, the first 40 and the second 41 groups of elements AND, the first output of the subtraction unit 19 is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit 32, whose output with the first input of the block 30 comparisons. The first code of the subtractor 20 is connected to the first input of the multiplication unit 33, the output of which is connected to the second input of the comparison unit 30, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the SHSh 34 element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the signalformer 23. The output of the element OR 34 is connected to the first control input of the com- gluter 17 connected to the second control input to the output of the element AND 27, the first input of the element OR

35 and through the delay element 36 to the second input of register 18.

The second output of the comparison unit 30 is connected to the second input of the OR element 35, the output of which through the delay element 37 is connected to the second input of the register 21. The output of the AND 28 element, the first input of which is connected to the first input of the And 29 element and to the output of the And 26 element, is connected to the first input of the counter 38, another input of which is connected to the output of the driver 22 signals. The first output of the counter 38 is connected to one of the inputs of the first group of 40 elements And, the output of which is connected to the third input of the register 18, the second output is the account

Chica 38 is connected to one of the inputs of the second group 41 of the elements I, the output of which is connected to the third input of the register 21. Other inputs of the groups 40 and 41 of the elements I are connected to the output of the counters 16 and 15.

The third output of the counter 38 is connected to the second input of the element And 29, the output of which is connected to the input of the synchronization unit 31, and through the element NOT 39 is connected to the second input of the element And 28. The third inputs of the elements 28 and 29 are connected to the output of the element 24, the corresponding outputs synchronization unit 31 to the sync pulse inputs of subtracting units 19 and 20, multiplication units 32 and 33, and comparison unit 30.

The device works as follows.

The device implements two modes of operation - discrete and continuous. The mode of operation of the device is set by the controls - buttons Kn1 and Kn2 at the input of the signal maker 22 (Fig. 1). Discrete device operation mode is performed by turning on Kn1, while Kn2 is turned off. In continuous mode, both buttons are on.

Consider the operation of the device in discrete mode. The electroacoustic transducer 8 (coordinate remover) is placed on the working field of the tablet 1 and the button is pressed, the signal generator 22 generates the pulse distributor 14 and the element 27 sends the device operation signal in discrete mode through the element 25 and generates the clock cycles. devices.

In the first cycle, the signal from the second output of the distributor 14 pulses

the electroacoustic converter 9 is started and the automatic adjustment of the clock frequency generator (not shown) of the correction unit 11 is enabled. After the sound signal emitted by the electro-acoustic transducer 9 reaches the sound receiver 10, a signal appears at the output of the latter that performs the adjustment of the oscillator. The tactile frequency of the unit 11, on which the correction cycle ends, and the generator frequency corresponds to the current climatic conditions. In the second cycle, the distributor 14 pulses starts (with a signal from the first

five

20194

 output) electroacoustic pre -..-. The generator 8 and the triggers 6 and 7 are set to a single state, which allows clock pulses from block 11 to be counted to counters 15 and 16 through elements 12 and 13. At the moment when the sound signal emitted by the electroacoustic converter 8 reaches a certain microphone 2 ( 3), at its exit by ow 5

is the signal that passes the block

0

five

0

4 (5) conversion, sets the trigger 6 (7) to the zero state and thereby stops the flow of clock pulses through the element 12 (13) to the input of the counter 15 (16).

The contents of counters 15 and 16 correspond to the coordinates of the read point. Simultaneously with the arrival of signals from blocks 4 and 5 of the conversion and the signal from the third output of the distributor 14 pulses, the output of the element 26 appears a signal which, having passed through the element 27, allows information to be output to the computer through the switch 17. With the end of this cycle, the device passes to the initial state and is ready to take the coordinates of the next point of the image.

In the continuous operation mode of the device, the operator places the electroacoustic transducer 8 on the working field of the tablet 1 at the point of the image contour and presses Kn1 and Kn2. When included Kn1 and Kn2 shaper 22 generates a signal about the device in continuous mode, which enters through the element 24 into the distributor 14, the driver 23 signals and the input elements And 28 and 29. In continuous operation of the device, the electroacoustic transducer 8 emits ultrasonic waves continuously with a certain frequency.

The distributor 14 pulses organizes the following cycles of operation of the device. The first cycle of operation is similar to that described above. In the second cycle, the distributor 14 starts the electroacoustic converter 8 and triggers 6 and 7 set to one, which allows the flow of clock pulses from block 1 1 to counters 15 and 16 through elements 12 and 13. At the moment when the sound signal emitted electroacoustic converter 8, reached 5

0

five

A certain microphone 2 (3) is output, at its output a signal appears that passes the conversion unit 4 (5), sets the trigger 6 (7) to the zero state and thereby stops the flow of clock pulses through the AND 12 element ( 13) to the input of the counter 15 (16) -. The contents of the counters 15 and 16 correspond to the coordinate of the read point.

Simultaneously with the arrival of signals from blocks 4 and 5 of the conversion and the signal from the third output of the distribution

20

The element 14 at the output of the element And 26 ii: on the contrary, a signal appears which is characteristic of the elements of this curve. During the process, the AND 28 is fed to the input of the counter of such processing, the coordinates of the character 38. As a result, the signal from the first counter 38 is allowed to write the coordinates of the first read point through a group of elements 40 to the register 18. When the coordinates of the second point of the image are removed, the signal from the second output of the counter 38, the recording of coordinates through the group of elements 25 and 41 into register 21 is permitted. As a result, the coordinates of the third point are removed by a signal from the third output of the counter, 38 open points arrive at the output of the device for input into the computer, and the coordinates of the points ezhaschih on rectilinear ucha- Skaha input curve is not received and is not inputted to the computer on the output device.

To analyze the shape of the input curve, the device determines the elementary increments of the X and Y coordinates of each subsequent point relative to the previous one, for which the coordinates of the first point A, 11

the arrival of a signal at the input of the synchronization unit 31 through the element 29 and the element NOT 39 prohibits further receipt of signals through the element 28 at the input of the counter 38. At the same time, the sync 30 forms alternately on the outputs of the synchronization unit 31

To analyze the shape of the input curve, the device determines the elementary increments of the X and Y coordinates of each subsequent point relative to the previous one, for which the coordinates of the first point A, 11

. recorded in the register of the second point of the AO, - in the register 21

the coordinates of the third point A are contained in the counters 15 and 16, while the coordinates from the registers 18 and 21 are sent to the subtractor 19, to the block 20 - from the registers 18 and 21, and to the block

control clock pulses are guided, 20 from register 18 and counters 15 that provide read processing, and 16. Subtraction unit 19 determines

differences dX, &, and block 20 subtraction - differences .. about ao,

information in continuous mode.

The essence of the method of information processing in the continuous mode, embedded in the proposed device for reading graphic information, is to determine lx |, & Y- for each point of the two-dimensional information array, determine the products AXj лУ, and uXj., &Amp; Y and compare these works with a given accuracy, where lH X.-X, &X;,

40

45

d.-OO

The values dX, (and the remote control are fed to the multiplication unit 33, and the values for dX and yU, to the multiplication unit 32, and the output of the unit 33 is the product x, -: yU, and the output of the multiplication unit 32 is the product uX-j -uY; Compare values

LH. DU „

and dH, - do, can be determined

X:

-X.

bY: W; -Y,

0 о i-l 0 Х „, Y,, X ,, y. , X.,, У;., Are the coordinates of the initial (il informative), i-th and (1-1) -th points, respectively.

In other words, the sample criterion is implemented with a given accuracy in accordance with the expression

50

the points are A, A,

right or wrong. With inequality about

A on one

dx knowledge

uY, and

lx „

- the LU, permission is given to output the coordinates of point A in the computer, as well as rewrite the coordinate of the point Ap in the register 18, and the points Hell - to the registrar 21, at which the coordinates of the point AO, are erased.

When a sign of the molar region is detected, the coordinates of each subsequent point on this curve with

DH-LU .., 4X;

4y

At the same time, accuracy (or error; comparison is specified by the operator of the length of the discharge grid of the compared products

yx, ay ,,. yh .., 4y ..

Elimination of redundancy of the input two-dimensional information is carried out in real time in the process of analyzing the current coordinates. This reveals the rectilinear portions of the curve. The points of transition from the curvilinear section to the linear,

0

i: on the contrary, are considered characteristic points of a given curve. In the course of such processing, the coordinates of the characteristics are 5

thirty

The data points arrive at the output of the device for input into the computer, and the coordinates of the points lying on the straight sections of the input curve do not arrive at the output of the device and are not entered into the computer.

To analyze the shape of the input curve, the device determines the elementary increments of the X and Y coordinates of each subsequent point relative to the previous one, for which the coordinates of the first point A, 11

. are written to the register of the second point AO, to register 21,

the coordinates of the third point A are contained in the counters 15 and 16, while the coordinates from the registers 18 and 21 are sent to the subtractor 19, to the block 20 - from the registers 18 and 21, and to the block

differences dX, &, and block 20 subtraction - differences .. about ao,

d.-OO

The values dX, (and the control units come in multiplication unit 33, and the values dX and dY, in multiplication unit 32, and the output of the unit 33 is the product x, -: iY, and the output of the multiplication unit 32 is the product uX -j-uY ,, Comparing the values between

LH. DU „

and dH, - dU,, can be determined.

0

the points are A, A,

right or wrong. With proA inequality, on one

dx knowledge

uY, and

lx „

- LV, permission is given to output the coordinates of point A in a computer, as well as overwriting the coordinates of point Ap in register 18, and points Ad from the register to RegSter 21, with etrm coordinates of the AO point, are erased.

When a sign of a linear section is detected, the coordinates of each subsequent point on this curve are compared with the coordinates of the initial point of section L, thereby achieving high accuracy of the analysis and eliminating the erroneous representation of curvilinear sections with a large radius of curvature linear. When a curvilinear part is detected, the coordinates of each subsequent point on this curve are analyzed with the coordinates of each previous point, and when the inequality condition is fulfilled, the coordinates of the previous point are transmitted to the computer. The number of output points per unit length of the curve depends on the curvature of the area and the magnitude of the coordinate.

The signal a from the first output of the synchronization unit 31 permits the input of the coordinates of points A, A

  O1

 00 02 in °

ki 19 and 20 subtraction, respectively, while block 19 determines the difference of coordinates L, -A, and block 20 .., At the first and second outputs of blocks 19 and 20 of the subtraction, signals are generated corresponding to the values dX, dU, dX, uY, which are fed to the inputs of multiplication units 32 and 33, where the signal S from the second output of the synchronization unit 31 determines the values of the products dX DU and dX, dU,

The results of the calculations in blocks 32 and 33 of the multiplication are received in comparison unit 30, where they are compared by the signal b from the third output of synchronization unit 31.

In this case, the result is the inequality signal, which through the OR element 34 enters the switch 17, thereby allowing the transfer of the coordinates of point A located in register 18 to the computer. Next, the same signal, having passed the delay element 36, allows overwriting the coordinates of the point register 21 to register 18. In addition, the inequality signal from the OR element 34 enters through the OR element 35 and element 37, the delay time of which is longer than the delay time of element 36, into register 21, which allows overwriting the coordinates of the point of counters 15 and 16 into register 21, at the same time The coordinates of the point Ad in register 21 are automatically erased.

When the coordinates of the next point are removed, its further processing is performed as described above.

0

five

0

five

five

0

five

0

When removing the coordinates of point A of the product d X LU, and dX, - dU are equal. The equality signal from the second output of the comparator block 30 through the OR element 35 and the delay element 37 enters the control input of the register 21 and allows the rewriting of the coordinates of point A from the counters 15 and 16 to the register 21.

In the next removal cycle, the coordinates APJ are contained in the counters 15 and 16, as previously, the differences in block 19 and in block 20 Agj-A j are determined, the products lH, dU and dX dU are determined; where dx, x. -X,

..-UL

0

dx ,,

    AOG

Next, a comparison is made of the works. In this case, at the output of the comparator block 30, a signal appears. which allows the coordinates of a point from the register 18 through the OR 34 element to be transferred to the computer, delayed copying of the point A from register 21 to register 18 through the delay element 36 and rewriting of the point A through delayed element 37 and delay element 37 from counters 15 and 16 register 21. Next, the device operates as described above.

I

At the end of the curve input, i.e.

the puller is removed from the working field of the tablet, the contacts Kn1 are opened and the signal from the imaging unit 22 enters the imaging unit 23, where the removal signal is formed which consists of two consecutive pulses, the first impulse through the OR 34 element enters the switch 17, allowing the coordinate output

and

in the computer, then from the output element

five

The delay 36 is fed to the control input of register 18, allowing overwriting of the coordinates of point A, g to register 18. The second pickup end pulse through the OR element 34 allows the output of the register 18 to the computer via switch 17, i.e. the coordinates of point a. Simultaneously, the signal. With the driver 22 is fed to the second input of the counter 38, which is set to the zero state, as a result of which the device is ready. To remove the coordinates of the points of the next curve.

The process of analyzing the input curve (figure 2), as well as the results of recording the coordinates of points are given in the table.

In the proposed device, the inequality of products of increments along orthogonal coordinates is used as a criterion for sampling characteristic points of an information array, in contrast to the inequality of private divisions of increments in a known device. This allows you to simplify the structure of the device, since the implementation of multipliers requires 1.2-1.5 times less hardware costs than for the implementation of division blocks, approximately the same number of times to reduce the time spent on performing the multiplication function compared to division,

refuse the control unit, having in the known device, since the multiplier and multiplicative values in the proposed device can be any, including zero, that

also simplifies the device, however, reduces several device speeds in the processing of straight lines parallel to one of the coordinate axes. Direct recording of two

1112920

the first points of each new information array without determining increments and their further analysis increases the speed of the proposed device at the beginning of entering each 5 information array.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for reading graphic information containing a tablet, on mutually perpendicular sides of which, linear coordinate microphones are installed, connected to the inputs of coordinate conversion units, the outputs of which are connected to one of the first and second three headers, the first electroacoustic converter acoustically connected to linear coordinate microphones; a second electroacoustic transducer acoustically coupled to a sound receiver, the output of which is connected to the first input The second input of which is connected to the second electroacoustic converter, and the output to one of the inputs of the first and second elements I, the pulse distributor, the first output of which is connected to the first electroacoustic converter and to the other inputs of the first and second triggers, the outputs of which are | with the other inputs of the first and second elements And, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second counters, the second output of the pulse distributor is connected to the second input of the correction unit, comm The first input of which is connected to the outputs of the first and second counters, and the output is the output of the device, the first register, the output of which is connected to the second input of the switch, and the first, inputs of the first and second subtraction units, the second register, the first input of which is connected with the second input of the subtraction unit, connected to the outputs of the first and second counters, the output of the second register is connected to the first input of the first register and to the second input of the first subtraction unit, the first driver of the signals, the outputs of which are connected respectively responsible to the first input of the second signal conditioner and to the inputs of the third and fourth And elements, the outputs of which are connected nineteen 12 five O five 0 five 0 five 0 five 0 five The inputs of the pulse distributor, the output of the third element I are connected to the second input of the second signal conditioner, the outputs of the conversion units and the third output of the pulse distributor are connected to the inputs of the fifth And element whose output is connected to the first input of the sixth And element, the second input of which is connected to the fourth output And, the seventh and eighth elements, And, the comparison unit and the synchronization unit, which is characterized by the fact that, in order to simplify the device, it contains the first and second, multiplication units, the first and second elements you are OR, the first and second delay elements, the third counter, the element NOT, the first and second groups of elements AND, the first output of the first subtraction unit are connected to the first input of the first multiplication unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output The second multiplication unit, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the second subtraction unit, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the first multiplication unit, and the second input of the second multiplication unit is connected to the second output of the first block Read, - the first output of the comparison unit is connected to the first input of the first OR element, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second signal conditioner, and the output to the input of the first delay element, to the first input of the second OR element and to the third input of the switch, the fourth input of which is connected to the output of the sixth element And, the output of the first delay element is connected to the second input of the first register, the second output of the comparison unit is connected to the second input of the second OR element, the output of which is connected through the second element with the second input of the second register, the first inputs of the seventh and eighth elements And connected to the output of the fifth element And, the output of the seventh element And connected to the first input of the third counter, the second input of which is connected to one of the outputs of the first shaper of signals, the first output of the third counter connected with one of the inputs of the first group of elements And, the output of which is connected to the third input of the first register. 13 The second output of the third counter is connected to one of the inputs of the second group of elements I, the output of which is connected to the third input of the second register, the other inputs of the first and second groups of elements I are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second counters, the third output of the third counter is connected to the input of the element NOT and to 9201914 the second input of the eighth element I, the output of which is connected to the input of the synchronization unit, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the sync pulses of the subtraction unit, multiplication units and the comparison unit, and the output of the element is NOT connected to the third input of the seventh element I. 37 4MB 36 3V SN-SK 35 FIG. CI 00 yw W.ZL-. ot Of OS 07 VNIIPI Order 274/50 Random polygons pr-tie, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 Circulation 673 Subscription