SU1273582A1

SU1273582A1 - Method of of bolting rock without hole-drilling

Info

Publication number: SU1273582A1
Application number: SU853939101A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Васильевич Штепа; Михаил Александрович Выгодин; Виктор Васильевич Евтушенко; Василий Захарович Обух; Людмила Алексеевна Заболотная
Original assignee: Специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро Института геотехнической механики АН УССР
Priority date: 1985-07-24
Filing date: 1985-07-24
Publication date: 1986-11-30

Abstract

Изобретение относитс к строительству подземных сооружений, а . именно к способам анкеровани горных пород (.П}, и позвол ет расширить область применени способа путем снижени прочности породного массива на врем установки анкеров. В забое выработки возвод т рамную податливую крепь и изолирующее ограждение 2. После проходки вокруг выработки.создаетс зона разгруженных от напр жений П 3 с большим количеством трещин. В закрепное пространство нагнетают скрепл ющий раствор 4. В качестве раствора 4 используют цементно-песчаный раствор. Он заполн ет свободное от П 3 закрепное пространство и открытые трещины и увлажн ет их избыточной водой. При этом снижаетс § остаточна прочность П 3. В размокшую П 3 производ т задавливание ан (Л керов 5. На них навешивают металлическую сетку 6 и покрывают ее слоем набрызг-бетона 7. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.This invention relates to the construction of underground structures, as well. namely, the methods of anchoring rocks (.P), and allows to expand the field of application of the method by reducing the strength of the rock mass during the installation of anchors. A frame flexible support and insulating fence 2 are erected in the working area. After sinking around the mine, a zone unloaded from of stresses P 3 with a large number of cracks. A fastening solution 4 is injected into the fastening space. Cement-sand mortar is used as solution 4. It fills the fastening space free from P 3 and is opened cracks and moistens them with excess water. At the same time, § residual strength P 3 is reduced. In the soaked P 3, they are crushed (L 5.) Metal mesh 6 is hung on them and covered with a layer of sprayed concrete 7. 1 c. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

Изобретение относится к строительству подземных сооружений, а именно ; к способам анкерования горных пород, и может быть использовано в горнодобывающей промышленности, дорожном и гидротехническом строительстве.The invention relates to the construction of underground structures, namely; to rock anchoring methods, and can be used in the mining industry, road and hydraulic construction.

Цель изобретения - расширение области применения способа путем снижения прочности породного массива на время установки анкеров.The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope of the method by reducing the strength of the rock mass at the time of installation of the anchors.

На фиг. 1 изображена горная выработка, подготовленная к анкерованию, поперечное сечение; на фиг. 2 - горная выработка, закрепленная анкерами с металлической сеткой, покрытой слоем набрызг-бетона.In FIG. 1 shows a mine prepared for anchoring, cross section; in FIG. 2 - mining, fixed by anchors with a metal mesh, covered with a layer of spray concrete.

Горная выработка (фиг. 1) закреплена рамной податливой крепью 1. Закрепное пространство выработки отделено изолирующим ограждением 2, например, железобетонной затяжкой с чеканкой швов быстросхватывающимся раствором. Вокруг выработки создается при проходке зона разгруженных от напряжений пород 3, имеющих большое количество трещин. Свободное от породы закрепное пространство и открытые трещины заполнены скрепляющим раствором 4.The mine working (Fig. 1) is secured by a flexible ductile support 1. The securing space of the working is separated by an insulating fence 2, for example, reinforced concrete puff with embossing of joints with quick setting mortar. Around the mine, a zone of rocks 3 unloaded from stresses having a large number of cracks is created during sinking. The free space from the rock and open cracks are filled with a bonding solution 4.

У горной выработки (фиг. 2) породы приконтурной зоны скреплены анкерами 5, установленными методом их задавливания. На анкера 5 навешена металлическая сетка 6, которая покрыта слоем набрызг-бетона 7.At the mine working (Fig. 2), the rocks of the marginal zone are fastened with anchors 5, established by the method of crushing them. A metal mesh 6 is hung on the anchor 5, which is covered with a layer of spray concrete 7.

Технология способа бесшпурового анкерования горных пород заключается в следующем.The technology of the method of holeless rock anchoring is as follows.

В забое выработки возводят рамную . податливую крепь и устанавливают изолирующее ограждение 2. Через определенный промежуток времени после проходки вокруг выработки образует ся зона разгруженных от напряжений ^пород 3 с трещинами. После этого в закрепное пространство нагнетают скрепляющий раствор, например, цементно-песчаный, который, растекаясь по крупным трещинам, обволакивает отдельности нарушенного массива и, увлажняя их избыточной водой, снижает его остаточную прочность. Затем в размокшую породу производят задавливание анкеров 5, навеску металлической сетки 6 и покрытие ее слоем набрызг-бетона 7.In the bottom of the mine, a frame is erected. malleable support and install an insulating fence 2. After a certain period of time after driving around a mine, a zone of rocks 3 unloaded from stresses 3 with cracks is formed. After that, a fastening solution, for example, cement-sand, is injected into the fixed space, which, spreading over large cracks, envelops the individual masses of the damaged mass and, moistening them with excess water, reduces its residual strength. Then the crushed anchors 5 are pressed into the wet rock, the metal mesh 6 is weighed and covered with a layer of sprayed concrete 7.

Плотность установки анкеров, их диаметр и длину выбирают из расчета необходимого упрочнения пород. По мере затвердевания раствора и восстановления прочности пород рамную крепь снимают и при необходимости проводят повторное нанесение слоя набрызг-бетона.The density of the installation of anchors, their diameter and length are selected based on the necessary strengthening of the rocks. As the solution solidifies and the strength of the rocks is restored, the frame support is removed and, if necessary, re-applying a layer of spray concrete.

Claims

The invention relates to the construction of underground structures, and in particular to methods of anchoring rocks, and can be used in the mining industry, road and hydraulic engineering. The purpose of the invention is to expand the scope of application of the method by reducing the strength of the rock mass for the time of installation of the anchors. FIG. shows the mountainous section prepared for anchoring, cross section; in fig. 2 - mining, secured with metal mesh anchors, covered with a layer of sprayed concrete. The hearth excavation (Fig. 1) is fixed with a frame compliant lining 1. The fixed reinforcement space is separated by an insulating barrier 2, for example, reinforced concrete with embossing of seams with a fast-setting mortar. When excavating, a zone is created when a zone of rock 3 unloaded from stresses and having a large number of cracks is drilled. The rock-free fixed space and open cracks are filled with anchor mortar A. At the mine workings (Fig. 2), the rocks of the marginal zone are fastened with anchors 5, established by the method of their crushing. A metal mesh 6 is hung on the anchor 5, which is covered with a layer of sprayed concrete 7. Technique for the method of smooth anchoring of rocks is as follows. At the bottom of the excavation, frame flexible roofing was erected and a lining of barrier 2 was installed. After a certain period of time after sinking around the excavation, it forms 3 cracked rocks unloaded from stress. After that, a fastening solution, for example, cement-sand, which, spreading through large cracks, envelops the broken mass and, moistening them with excess water, reduces its residual strength, is injected into the fixed space. Then, the anchors 5 are pressed into the soaked rock, the metal mesh 6 is weighed and the layer is sprayed with concrete 7. The installation density of the anchors, their diameter and length are chosen from the calculation of the required reinforcement of the rocks. As the mortar solidifies and the rock is restored to strength, the frame lining is removed and, if necessary, the layer of sprayed concrete is reapplied. Claim 1. Method of seamless anchoring of rocks, including the process of crushing anchors into the rock mass, characterized in that, in order to expand the field of application of the method by reducing the strength of the rock mass during the installation of the anchors, before crushing the latter, the bonding solution is injected into the boundary rock formations for their temporary softening by moistening the bonding solution injected into the rock with excess water.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a cement-sand mortar is used as the cementing mortar.