SU1201298A1 - Method of direct extraction of vegetable oils from oil-containing materials - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD FOR DIRECT EXTRACTION FROM VEGETABLE OILS oilbearing materials, comprising materials grinding and processing them with a solvent mixture of t and l - chayuschiys in that, in order to increase the extraction depth snkgzheni amount vzveschennyh hydrophilic particles and impurities in the miscella for processing ispolzzpot three- component a heterogeneous, self-laminating, mixture of a polar and organic component — an aliphatic alcohol or acetone; a non-polar organic component — hexane or gasoline and. water taken, respectively, in quantities of 5.0-50.0; 10.0-90.0; 5.040.0% by weight; in this case, the extraction is carried out either simultaneously with both phases of the mixture or first with a heavy and then light phase without separating the heavy phase.

Description

t

The invention relates to a process for the production of vegetable oils from oil-containing materials and may find application in the extraction of vegetable oils from oilseeds.

The aim of the invention is to increase the depth of extraction and reduce the amount of suspended particles and hydrophilic impurities in miscella by increasing the penetration of the extractant with the material being extracted and obtaining high frequency miscella.

The method of direct extraction of vegetable oils from oil-containing materials involves grinding materials and treating them with a mixture of solvents, and for processing using a three-component heterogeneous self-separating 1c into a heavy and light phase mixture containing a polar organic component: aliphatic alcohol or acetone, non-polar organic component : hexane or gasoline and water, taken respectively in amounts of 5.0-50.0; 10.0-90.0; 5.0-40.0 wt.%,. in this case, the extraction is carried out at the same time as both phases of the mixture or at first a heavy and then a light phase without separation of the heavy phase.

The processing of the crushed solid material with a heterogeneous three-component self-laminating mixture of solvents ensures a rapid (1–5 min) uniform distribution of the extractant in the material. The optimal composition of the heterogeneous mixture is determined by the target depth of extraction, taking into account the cost of the extraction process. The water content in the mixture also determines the moisture content of the initial solid material.

The surface tension and adsorption forces between the oil (fat) and the gel phase of the extracted solid material in these areas, respectively, decrease, as a result of which the transfer of fats to the mixture, which penetrates the extracted solid material, is intensified. During the interaction of the extracted material with a heterogeneous extractant, extraction takes place in a heterogeneous three-phase system — solid-liquid.

In this case, the solid material is always concentrated in the heavy phase of the mixture (extractant), since the density

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solid material impregnated with a heavy phase is much higher than the density of the light phase of the mixture. As a result, miscella consisting of a light phase,

5 does not contain solid material and does not require further cleaning from it. The removal of fats from solid material occurs simultaneously in the heavy and light phase of the extractant. The

10, the distribution of fats between liquid phases is carried out in accordance with their distribution coefficients. The coefficient of fat distribution between the heavy and light phases of the extr

15 of the agent is one to two orders of magnitude, and for hydrophilic substances it is 0.002-0.1. In this connection, selective extraction of fat from the light (hexano2Q) phase of the extractant from the heavy (aqueous) phase occurs.

Hydrophilic substances practically do not enter the light phase, which is miscella.

25 with the content of solid material in:. within 0.003-0.2%, one to two orders of magnitude smaller than under normal extraction conditions.

The effectiveness of the method increases

, with an increase in the opening at the stage of preliminary grinding of the cellular structure of the solid phase and with an increase in the dispersed composition. The preferred particle size is 0.001-0.01 mm.

 When the cell structure is completely opened, the fat extraction is completed within two to four minutes, which is 30-100 times faster than extraction from petals or granules.

 In industrial production, the processing of solid material is conveniently carried out in two stages; in the first stage, to prepare the structure of a solid material, it is treated with enriched material.

45 with a homogeneous water mixture containing alcohol, hexane and water, taken respectively in quantities of 52-73.3, 5-11 and 19-42 (wt.%). The weight ratio of the liquid phase: extractable

50 material is 0.2-4: 1. At the P-th stage, a material impregnated with a three-component homogeneous mixture is also treated with a mixture of solvents, taken in amounts, respectively.

55 3.5-25, 73-96 and 0.5-2.5 (wt.%). The result is a system consisting of a solid material and a heterogeneous mixture of solvents.

stratified into two equilibrium phases: heavy, enriched with water, and light, enriched with hexane.

The method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example I. A weave of seeds of sunflower seeds (100 g) is obtained by grinding on a five-pit lathe (two passes through four passes of the machine). It has the following indicators,%: pass through a sieve with a hole diameter of 1 mm69.3

number of cells opened76,5

original fat content49.3

humidity8.7

The filter is placed in a 1 liter glass extractor, equipped with a water jacket and a transfer device, and treated with a three-component heterogeneous self-splitting into a heavy and light phase mixture containing a polar organic compound: aliphatic alcohol, non-polar organic component: hexane and water, isopropanol-hexane-water — 39:48:13 (wt.%), for 15 minutes, and the heavy (aqueous) phase of the heterogeneous extractant, which was a three-component homogeneous mixture isopropanol: hexane: water — 60.5 : 11.0: 28.5 (wt.%). The mPa – liquid phase weight ratio was 1: 2. Then the milling suspension in the heavy phase under the conditions of a staggered cross-current is treated with a light (hexane) phase of the heterogeneous extractant, which is a homogeneous mixture of isopropanol: hexane: water - 24, 0: 73.5: 2.5. Number of extraction steps 6. The time of each step is 10 minutes. The weight ratio between the heavy and light phases of the extractant is 1: 2. The extraction temperature is 55 ° C. The phase separation between the extraction steps is carried out by decantation. The oil content of the extraction meal is 0.49% on a dry matter basis. The solids content of miscella is 0.018%.

Example 2. Acetone is taken as the polar organic component. The total composition of a heterogeneous mixture of acetone: hexane: water -

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60.4: 24.5: 15.1 (wt.%), The hard phase of which is a homogeneous mixture of acetone: hexane: water 68, 5: 3.0: 28.5 (wt .-%), and light 5 homogeneous mixture acetone: hexane: water - 52.2: 46.0: 1.8 (wt.%). All other parameters and methods of preparing sunflower seeds for extraction are the same as in example 1. The maximum sweeteness after extraction is 0.43% on dry matter. The content of particles of solid material in imcelle is 0.02%.

Example 3. 100 g of mtka, 15 obtained from corandra seeds, are carefully ground (three times passing through 4 passes of the BC-5 five-fold machine), were characterized by the following indicators,%: 20 passes through a sieve with a hole diameter 1 mm86,4

number of cells uncovered86,3

25 original content

fat19.7

humidity6.9

Mcu was extracted under the conditions described in Example 1.

The oil content of oil content after extraction was 1.2% on dry matter. The content of particles of solid material in miscella is 0.012%.

Example 4. A hinge of moth, cotton seed (100 g), obtained 35 on a grinding machine on the VS-5 machine. (one pass through 4 passes of the machine), was characterized by the following indicators,%: passage through a sieve with a diameter of 40 mm, 1 mm openings 67.4 number of opened cells 71.3

original fat content42.2

45 humidity8,5

A weighed sample was placed in the extractor used in Example 1 and treated for 10 minutes with a heavy (aqueous) phase of a heterogeneous extractant, which is a three-component homogeneous mixture of ethanol: hexane: water -. 72.5: 3.5: 24.0 (wt.%). The weight ratio of mcc - liquid phase was 55, the pressure was 1: 1. Then, the milling suspension in the lower phase under the conditions of a stepped cross-current was treated with the light (hexane) phase of the heterogeneous extractant, which was a homogeneous mixture of ethanol: hexane: water — 3.5: 96.0: 0.5 (wt. %). The number of stages of extraction 5. Time at each stage 10 min. The weight ratio between the lower and upper phases of the extractant is 1: 2.5. Extraction temperature 5pc. The separation of the phases between the extraction steps was carried out by decantation. The oil content of the meal after extraction was 0.33% on a dry basis. The content of particles of the solid phase in miscella was equal to 0.015%. Example 5. The weight of corn germ weights (100 g), prepared by grinding on a BC-5 pick machine (one pass through 3 passes of the machine), was characterized by the following indicators,%: passage through a sieve with an opening diameter of 1 mm77, 6 the number of opened cells72.1 initial fat content 35.5 moisture 9.4 M weave was placed in an extractor and treated with a mixture of solvents with a total composition of ethanol: hexane: water - 33:54:13 (wt.%) At the same time with heavy and light phases of the mixture . The heavy (aqueous) phase is a three-component homogeneous Blend ethanol: hexane: water — 73.0:: 7.5: 19.5 (wt.%). The weight ratio of m-to-liquid phase was 1: 1.5, the light phase contains ethanol: hexane: water-7.5: 92.0: 0.5 (wt.% The number of extraction steps is 5. Time at each step is 10 minutes. The weight ratio between the lower and upper phases of the extractant is 1: 3. The extraction temperature is 45 C. The phase separation between the extraction steps was determined by decantation. The oil content of the meal after extraction was 0.44% on dry matter. The content of the solid phase particles in the miscelle was 0,016% The validity of the choice of the composition of solvent mixtures used in the implementation of These methods are confirmed by data on the results of experiments described in Table 1. When using the method, oil-containing materials are treated with mixtures lying in a heterogeneous region. The solid material is extracted simultaneously with both phases (light and heavy phases are present in the apparatus along with the solid material). equilibrium compositions of three-component mixtures of solvents lying in a heterogeneous region sharply intensify the extraction process and increase the depth of oil extraction from oil-containing his material. When using the method, no pre-drying of the material is required. The mixture of solvents is stratified both before the treatment of its starting material, and after the extraction process. The light phase (miscella) does not contain solids after extraction.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR DIRECT EXTRACTION OF VEGETABLE OILS FROM OIL-SODER- LIVING MATERIALS, which involves grinding materials and treating them with a mixture of solvents, characterized in that, in order to increase the extraction depth, reduce the amount of suspended particles and hydrophilic impurities in miscells, a three-component heterogeneous, self-delaminating heavy and light phase mixture containing a polar organic component - aliphatic alcohol or acetone, non-polar organic component - hexane or gasoline and. water taken respectively in amounts of 5.0-50.0; 10.0-90.0; 5.0-.. ' <9 40.0 wt.%, While both phases of the mixture are fed simultaneously or first a heavy and then a light phase without separation of the heavy phase. SCI „„ 1201298 eleven