SU1134714A1 - Mineral deposit strip-mining process - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD FOR OPEN Mining, vklyuchayushy practicing rock ledges towards podviganiya front rocks tunneling opposing split trenches parallel to the front of rock formation pillar between the ends of the split trenches and subsequent expansion of said trench, characterized in that in order to increase the efficiency of when developing quarry pit areas with watered areas of collapse by ensuring work safety, reducing losses and dilution fossil, the penetration of the oncoming split trenches and the formation of the pillars are carried out ahead of the rock front, the pillars are formed around the watered zone of collapse, then part of the pillars from the ends of the split trenches are destroyed by well charges shipment of the rock mass and rocks of the collapsed zone blasted in the SL, after which the trenches are expanded, and the remaining part of the rear pillar is developed, then the cycle of works is repeated on the lower horizons to the full abotki portion with watery area. D Ti m iTi 111 iTi 4 T. G71 Ti P -T ГП .тттги .TTI rr .TTITJ

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open-pit mining of mineral deposits in complex mining and geological conditions, for example, in the presence of areas with watered areas of collapse within the open-pit.

There is a method of opencast mining of mineral deposits in complex geological conditions, including carrying out ahead of time, trenches to it in an extreme area of the field, lowering of the water level at the site and subsequent development of the field 1.

The disadvantage of this method is the danger of water breakthrough from the flooded area into the working area of the open pit, which can lead to a violation of the safe conditions of mining operations and reduce their effectiveness.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a method of open-pit mining of mineral deposits, including mining rocks with ledges in the direction of moving the mining front, sinking of opposing split trenches parallel to the rock front, forming a pillar between the ends of split trenches and subsequent expansion trenches 2.

However, the known method does not provide for the development of quarry plots with watered areas of collapse, which reduces the safety of work or leads to loss and dilution of the mineral product while leaving pillars with such zones, reducing the efficiency of work.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of work in the development of quarry areas with watered areas of collapse by ensuring the safety of work, reducing losses and diluting the mineral.

The goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of opencast mining of mineral deposits, including mining rocks with ledges in the direction of moving the front of rocks, driving the opposing split trenches parallel to the front of the rocks, forming the rear section between the ends of the split trenches and then expanding said trenches, penetrating the opposing split trenches and formation of the pillar are made ahead of the rock front, the pillar is formed around the flooded zone of collapse, then st pillar from the ends of the split trenches destroy downhole charge rows, t derivatives dewatering and reduce water level as derivative layerwise t shipment blasted rock mass and pearled rock zone, whereupon lead extension trenches and testing of the remaining portion of the rear sight, then the cycle

the works are repeated on the lower horizons until the site with the watered zone of the collapse is fully developed.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the stage of processing an extremal section with counter trenches within the limits of the main rock front of the quarry, in plan; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - the same after partial processing, in the plan.

The method is carried out as follows.

Prior to the approach of the horizon of the main front 1 of mining operations to the extreme section — the watered zone 2 of collapse — at a distance, for example, equal in width

two excavator landings, two opposing external trenches 3 are conducted from the surface to the base of the ledge of the upper horizon along the main front of the rocks in a known manner, for example, in rocky rocks with a mechlopaty at the bottom loading with

blasting a wide strip in the direction of the extreme area.

The length of the trenches includes horizontal 4 and inclined 5 parts, defined by the width of the collapse of the rock after the destruction

parts of pillar 6 explosion, for example, by the formula

L- zzhg + ha

WITH

where L is the trench length, m; 30H - height of the ledge being worked out, m;

i - the angle of the trench bottom,

hail; and - the width of the collapse of the rock after

blast m

,, With the penetration of the oncoming split trenches, temporary pillars 7 are formed, protecting the main front of the works and the water supply area. To prevent the breakthrough of groundwater from the zone of collapse, a trench is stopped from its contour at a distance of 40, which is determined, for example, by the formula

g KU,

(2)

where g is the radius of the development of cracks on the surface of the ledge from the explosion (the width of the rear sight above the surface), m; K is the coefficient depending on the soil conditions;

Q -.- mass of charge, kg.

Partial destruction of the rear sight pillar on the width of the trench bottom is produced by borehole charges at the full height of the ledge. This provides filtration of groundwater in the trench through the blasted mountain mass. Then, the pumps 8 are drained, and as the water level (GWL) in the trenches decreases, the blasted rock mass and rocks of the zone of collapse are shipped in layers.

After that, the trenches are expanded with the simultaneous full development of the pillar of the upper horizon, which encloses the collapsed flooded area, then the pillar, protecting the main work front, is worked out to the full height of the upper horizon. After working out the extreme section on the upper horizon, the described cycle is repeated in the same sequence on the underlying horizons 9 and 10 until the extreme section has been fully developed.

In the event that a part of the rock remains in the zone, which by gravity does not enter the trenches, use the method of bridging.

Thus, the proposed method ensures the safety of mining operations in the watered zone of collapse, increases the efficiency of development of the field, works out mineral reserves more fully, and prevents their dilution by liquefied masses.

rt

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR OPEN DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITS OF USEFUL FOSSILS, including mining of rocks with ledges in the direction of movement of the rock front, sinking of oncoming cutting trenches in parallel FIG. 1 to the front of the rocks, the formation of a pillar between the ends of the split trenches and the subsequent expansion of these trenches, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of work when developing sections of the quarry field with flooded caving zones by ensuring the safety of work, reducing losses and diluting the mineral, sinking oncoming cutting trenches and the formation of the pillar is carried out ahead of the front of the rocks, the pillars are formed around the flooded caving zone, then part of the pillar is on the side of the butt in split trenches, they are destroyed by borehole charges, water is drained, and, as the water level decreases, the caving zone exploded _{from the} rock mass and rocks is shipped in layers, after which $ 5 trenches are expanded and the remaining part of the pillar is worked out, then the cycle of work is repeated on the underlying horizons until full development of the area with a watered area. SU. „1134714 Ts34714