SU1102690A1 - All-wheel drive self-propelled vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

1. FULL-DRIVE SELF-PROPELLED VEHICLE containing a steering actuator, including a steering gear, whose input shafts are connected by cardan gears and shafts connected by gears with side axles, and a transmission that includes a transfer case, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears gears with shafts connected by gears with side bridges, the transmission and steering shafts being installed in a single housing connected to the side bridges, each of which contains at least one drive wheel mounted on a semi-axle connected by a bevel gear to the transmission shafts, and the body is rotatable with the said wheels relative to the vertical axis by a gear pair kinematically connected to the steering shafts A drive, characterized in that, in order to increase maneuverability, the steering distribution device and the transfer case are made in a single unit, including distribution and distribution elements and containing connected by bevel gears, concentric located input and output shafts connected by means of concentric cardan gears with driving axles, the central part of which is located horizontally in the transverse plane of the vehicle and consists of concentrically arranged input shafts connected by means of bevel gears with concentric shafts connected to said side axles, with the transmission shafts connected by others angle with the other in the branching points of the power flow through symmetrical differentials, and the steering actuator consists of a carrier installed in the aperture of the housing around the central transmission shaft, made with the possibility of rotation and axial movement by means of two worm gear teeth and a pipe with two diametrically opposite radial fingers , on which four tubular steering shafts, each cat, are concentrically mounted by means of diametrically opposed cuts made They are connected with corresponding concentric shafts (L) with a side axle installed with respect to the vertical axis, the slots of each of the tubular steering shafts being made with sections of equal length, directed along the axis, and sections of the screw profile, two on the outer steering shafts, additional slots intersecting at right angles with the axial portion of the above-mentioned slots are made, connected with the swiveling lateral axles of the rear wheels; The axially movable stopper with the worm is connected to the corresponding apertures of the housing, and slits are made on the said carrier and the central transmission shaft. 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that a switch-off clutch is installed between cardan gears and steering shafts. 3. Vehicle on PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that on each side axle there are two differential wheels mounted between them.

Description

FIELD: transport engineering.

An all-wheel drive self-propelled vehicle is known, comprising a steering actuator, including a steering distribution device, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears of a system of shafts connected by gears, to side axles, and a transmission including a transfer box whose output shafts are connected by cardan shafts gears with shafts connected by gears With side bridges, with the transmission and steering shafts installed in a single housing connected to the side bridges, each of which contains at least one axle mounted in a housing on a semi-axle connected by a bevel gear to the transmission shafts, and the body can be rotated together with the said wheels, relative to the vertical axis by a gear pair, kinematically with the shafts of the steering drive 1.

A disadvantage of the known vehicle is limited maneuverability due to the design of the steering distribution device and the lack of a differential drive to the drive wheels.

The purpose of the invention is to increase maneuverability.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a four-wheel drive vehicle, the steering distribution device and the transfer case are made in a single unit including distribution and distribution elements and containing concentric input and output shafts connected by means of concentric drive shafts connected by means of conical gears driving axles, the central part of which is located horizontally in the transverse plane of the vehicle and consists of The input shafts are interconnected by bevel gears with concentric shafts associated with the mentioned side bridges, the transmission shafts are connected to each other at branch points of the power flow through symmetrical differentials, and the steering gear consists of a central the transmission shaft of the carrier, made with the possibility of rotation and axial movement by means of two pairs of worm gearing gears and a pipe two diametrically opposite radial fingers, which is concentrically mounted via four diametrically opposed slits of the tubular steering shaft, each of which is concentric shafts associated with a respective pivotably mounted about a vertical axis bridge side, the slots of each of the tubular steering shaft adapted. sections of the same length, directed along the axis, and sections of the screw profile, in the two outer steering shafts connected to the swiveling side axles of the rear wheels, made additional slots intersecting at right angles with the axial

0 a portion of the grooves mentioned above, the steering shafts at the slot location are made with an axially movable stopper with a tongue for communication with the corresponding housing openings, and on the driver and the central transmission shaft there are slots, in addition, between cardan gears and a steering clutch is mounted on the steering-drive shafts, and two wheels are installed on each side axle

0 with differential drive.

FIG. 1 shows the projection of a vehicle onto a vertical longitudinal plane; in fig. 2 - the same, on the horizontal plane; in fig. 3 - vehicle in axonometric proektion; in fig. 4 - distribution element of the distribution distributing unit in cross section; in fig. 5 - tubular-steering shaft of a distributing element; in fig. 6 and 7 are a view of an arcuate slot of a distributing element in mutually perpendicular projections; in fig. 8 - distributing element of the distribution and distributing unit; in fig. 9 - cardan device, longitudinal section; in fig. 10 - the same, cross section; in fig. 11 - a driving axle of a vehicle with associated elements (conventionally located in one plane, a section; in Fig. 12 - a side bridge, a section.

A self-propelled all-wheel drive vehicle contains a frame or a carrying body 1 (Fig. 1) with the help of suspension parts 2 mounted in the transverse plane identical front and rear drive axles 3, the crankcase of which has a central (intermediate) horizontal axle 4 and side bridges 5, which have the ability to rotate around a vertical axis together with drive wheels 6. In this case, the drive and rotation of the drive wheels is carried out by means of transmission shafts and steering

0 drive concentrically located relative to each other and connected by means of gears. The drive of drive axle 3 is carried out. through the cardan device 7 (Fig. 3) from the distributor-distributing unit 8, which contains a distribution 5 exact element 9 and a distribution element 10 with an output transmission shaft 11 and input shafts 12 and 13 of the steering drive.

Around the transmission shaft 11 for driving the drive wheels in the casing 14 of the distributing element 10 (Fig. 4) are coaxially mounted for rotation and axial movement using worm couples 15 and 16 with corresponding shafts 12 and 13, drove 17 with a tubular shaft 18, splines 19 and radial fingers 20, as well as tubular steering shafts 21-24, slidably mounted on the fingers 20 by guide slots 25-28, made on the machines. The stacked housing 14 has openings in the end wall of the shaft 18 and under the stoppers 29 and 30 of the steering shafts 23 and 24 connected to the rear axles. The alignment slots 19 can be inserted into the connection with the slots 31 of the shaft 11. The stopper 29 of the steering shaft 23 (FIG. 5) is slidably movable along the axis. shaft and consists of a cylindrical arcuate housing 32 (Fig. 6 and 7) with a groove for mounting on the steering shaft and a tongue 33, made in the middle at the end of the housing 32 with an axis parallel to the axis of the shaft. The guide slots 25 and 26 are shaped in the area of positions 1 and P (Fig. 4) of fingers 20 straight parallel to the common axis of all shafts, and in the range between positions II and III of fingers 20 are screw with side and twist angles corresponding to one slits angular (pl and the other slits angled plSfig. 3). The guide slots 27 and 28 are profiled: in the area of the position of the first fingers 62 along arcs of circles there is an angular angle of about 90 °, and in the area between the positions of the first and second fingers 62 are straight lines parallel to the common axis of all shafts and T-shaped the grooves of region I in their middle; in the area between the positions of the II and III fingers 62 are screw with a side and a twist angle corresponding to one corner and one corner of the other (Fig. 3) and smoothly aligned with straight sections.

The transmission shaft 11 and the steering shafts 21-24 have slits for connecting the shafts with the input 34 and 34 and the steering shafts 35-38 of the distributing element 9 (Fig. 8), respectively, when assembling this box with the distribution element (Fig. 4) into the distribution and distribution center 8 (Fig. 3). The shafts 34-38 are installed in the casing 39 connected to the casing 14, concentric and connected to the output shafts via bevel gears, the shaft 34 being directly connected to the two output shafts 40 and 41 via a symmetrical differential 42, and the shafts 35-38 - with output shafts 43-46 respectively. The output shafts of the distribution and distributing unit 8 are concentric; the sets of output 40, 45, 46, and 41, 43, 44 shafts are arranged in opposite directions and connected with cardan devices 7 (FIG. 3) driven by rear and front axles, respectively. Cardan device 7 (Fig. 8 and 9) consists of three concentrically located 47-49 and output 50-52 shafts, hinged with each other with finger-shaped crosses 53-55. Between the outer 49 and the middle 48 cardan shafts of the device, a blocking spline coupling 56 is installed.

The output shafts 50-52 of the universal device are connected by means of spline and flange connections, respectively With the shafts 57-59 of the driving axle 3 (Fig. 11), in the crankcase of the central horizontal positioned part 4 of which a reducer is made, consisting of three pairs of conical

5 gears that provide the transmission of rotation at an angle, and a symmetrical differential 63 is installed on the driven gear and gear pair 60, which ensures {distribution of torque over transmission shafts, 64 and 65, and gears 61 and 62 engagement pairs are connected to shafts 66 and 67 steering, respectively, in opposite directions to control the rotation of the wheels located on the right and

5 left side of the vehicle.

The right and left side portions of the bridge 5 (FIG. 12) are made identical and consist of inner and outer concentric composite shafts 68 and 69, the connection of which is made detachable, driven

0 from the respective inner and outer concentric shafts 64 and 66 (or 65 and 67) by means of bevel gears 70 and 71, providing the transmission of rotation at an angle to the vertical plane (in FIG. 11 all gears

the bridge is conventionally shown in the same plane). The outer shaft 69, which provides steering control for the wheel, is mounted in the crankcase 72 of the bridge 3 rotatably and at the same time is the body of the lateral part 5 of the axle, and the inner shaft 68 transmits the torque 7 through the bevel gear 73 , symmetrical differential 74 and 75 axes.

5 Self-propelled vehicle operates as follows.

When the fingers 20 of the carrier 17 (Fig. 4) are located on any of the levels I-III and held by the worm gear pair 16 from moving along the shaft 11, the torque from the gear is communicated to the shafts 11 and 34 (Fig. 8), the distribution It is split between shafts 40 and 41, from which its half is transmitted by internal drive shafts of the front and rear drive shafts 7 (Fig. 3) and associated with them.

 shafts 44 (fig. 11) of the front and rear intermediate axles 4 (fig. 3). In each of these bridges, half of the torque is distributed over its quarter between: transmission shafts 51 and 52, communicated through pairs of 57 shafts 55, and from them gears 56 and differentials 57 are distributed to eight torque between semi axes 58 ( Fig. 12) wheels 6 of each side axle 5 (Fig. 3). Under the influence of these eighth torques, the wheels 6 rotate and set the car in motion, the views of which, at the position of the fingers 20, drove 17 at levels I-III (Fig. 4) are as follows. When located at the level of the I fingers 20 in the slots 27 and 28, the pins 33 (Fig. 6 and 7) of the stoppers 29 and 30 (Fig. 4) are held in the openings of the end of the casing 14, as a result of which the steering shafts 23 and 24, 37 are locked and 38, 45 and 46 (Fig. 8), cardan shafts 48 and 49 (Fig. 9 and 10) of the stern car of this device 7, as well as steering shafts 58 and 59, 66 and 67 and shafts 69, which are rear housings side bridges 5, parallel to the rear longitudinal axis of the transport device (Fig. 3). Consequently, all rear wheels 6 (Figs. 2, 3 and 7) rotate in the longitudinal plane. In this case, the screw-driver 15 turns 17 (turns) from side to side relative to the shaft 11, the finger 20 in the circular areas of the slots 27 and 28 freely moves relative to the fixed stoppers 32 and 30 and the shafts 23 and 27 and abuts against the edges of the straight sections of slots 25 and 26 of shafts 2 and 22, these shafts and the front side bridges 5 controlled by them, together with the wheels 6 mounted on them (Fig. 1-3), are driven in synchronous turns by means of steering shafts 35 and 36, 43 and 44 (FIG. 8), steering cardan shafts 48 and 49 (fig. 9 and 10) of the front cardan mouth, ... roystva 7 (fig. 1 and 12), the steering shafts 58 and 59, 66 and 56 (Fig. 4), the front transmission and the shafts 69, which are the bodies of these side bridges. Consequently, all the front wheels are driving and at the same time turning in one and the other side and changing the direction of movement of the vehicle. Thus, with the fingers 20 at the carrier 17 at the level I and the rotation of the shaft 11, the proposed vehicle moves on all The wheels 17 are controlled by the turns of the front wheels together with their side bridges. The carrier 17 is translated to position its fingers 20 at the levels (Fig. 11 and 12) at the truck stops in this order. From level I to level II, it is transferred by the angular alignment of a worm pair of 15 of his fingers 20 into slots 27 and 28 with the straight line sections of these slits, then stopping the pair and completing this angle by longitudinal moving the worm pair 16 drove to lower his fingers 70 in the straight sections of the slots 25-28 to the level And, with the plugs 33 of the stoppers 29 and 30 descending after the fingers 20 coming out of the openings of the end of the casing 14, allowing the rear side axles to rotate. While maintaining the locked pair 16 drove 17 at level II and turning it with a worm pair 15, all the side bridges of the trolley turn to the same any angle, and together with them all wheels drive from the plane of symmetry to the same any angle during the movement. When the worm pairs 15 and 16 are locked at level II and with any turn of the carrier 17 and the rotation of all the wheels, the cart moves linearly in any direction deviated from the plane of symmetry by the angle of deviation of all the wheels from the same plane. While maintaining the locked worm pair of W drove 17 at level II, turning the worm pair 15 in any direction and rotating all the wheels, the cart moves in a curvilinear-translational fashion. Thus, when the fingers 20 of the carrier 17 are located at level II and the shaft 11 is rotated, the proposed trolley moves on all the driving wheels in either direction or directly when the carrier 17 is locked by pairs 15 and 16 arbitrarily deflected, or curvilinearly-progressively when driving 17 is turned by the pair 15 in either direction, in which case the trolley is driven by the synchronous turns of all its wheels together with their side bridges. From level II to level III, the carrier 17 is transformed (FIG. 4) with a worm pair 16 with a locked worm pair 15, which also keeps the carrier 17 from rotating at the same time, sliding its slits 19 in the splines 31 of shaft 11 and, therefore, this shaft. At the same time, due to the achieved non-tilt nature, 17 his fingers 28 drove, moving in the same plane and affecting the helical surfaces of the walls of the steering shafts 21-24, limiting the slots 25-28, unfold these shafts, and with them all the other steering shafts in such directions and at such angles, which correspond to the directions and magnitudes of the corners achieved: .ctnii.cAnj and oCsA turns, respectively, the front left, front right, rear right and rear left side axles of the cart with their wheels. At the same time, the achieved non-rotatability of the shaft 11 completely excludes the possibility of leading the wheels to rotate in different directions and at different angles in the process of moving the carrier from level I to level III, i.e., the accidental circumstances and consequences are completely eliminated. the arrival of the fingers 20 drove 17 to level III and stop the worm pair 16

the slots drove 17 completely out and; the splines 31 of the shaft 11, then turned at the corners c: (ll, o (. pl - (zp io (zA (fig. 2) side bridges, all their steering shafts and drove 17 are fixed, and the shaft 11 and all associated with Thereby, the drive shafts, axles and wheels are released for rotation as well as for braking (Fig. 7).

At the same time, under the influence of the torque on the shaft 11, the unstrained vehicle rotates in place around a vertical axis passing through the point Ots (Fig. 2).

When the annular gaps in the slots 31 (Fig. 11) are made to separate with the slots 19 and the corresponding profiling of the slots 25-28 and stop the fingers 20 led 17, the carriage rotates around the vertical axis passing through any point Og between levels II and III. (Fig. 2).

Transfers of drove 17 from level III to level II and from level II to level I are carried out in reverse order, and its transfer from level II to level I is possible only with simultaneous freezing of liiiJoii 23 and 24 sogogyura. Mi 2.i and; P (Fig. 11).

When bridges are turning about ii; i bogies of a cart, wheels 6 are unrecoverable1) 1 regardless of transmission due to the presence of differentials 74 in axles 5 (Fig. 12), and npii bends of bridges 5 in curvilinear movements of gear lid 6 pivotally roll with differential speed redistributions rotation, blessing the presence of differentials 63 in bridges 4 and differentials 74 in bridges 5.

When the locking clutch 56 is located (shown in Fig. 9 in broken lines, the outer 49 and the middle 48. The cardan shafts are blocked, and the inner

5 cardan transmission 47 is independent, thanks to which on interlocked gears 49 and 48 a force flow is transmitted to:, interconnected synchronous turns of the right and right side bridges and according to poro.

0 42, power flow is transmitted for wheel shadows, and as a result, when turning the side bridges of only one span of the bridge, a controlled double drive can be reached.

The invention makes it possible to increase the maneuverability of the vehicle.

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Claims (3)

1. A four-wheel drive self-propelled vehicle, comprising a steering gear, 'including a steering gear, the input shafts of which are connected by cardan gears and shafts connected by gears to the side axles, and a transmission including a transfer case, the output shafts of which are connected by cardan gears with shafts connected by gears to the side axles, the transmission and steering shafts being installed in a single housing connected to the side axles, each of which contains at least one drive wheel mounted in the housing on the axle shaft connected by a bevel gear to the transmission shafts, and the housing is rotatable together with said wheels about a vertical axis by means of a gear pair kinematically connected to the steering drive shafts, characterized in that, in order to increase maneuverability, the steering gear and the transfer case are made in a single unit, including the distribution and transfer elements and with containing concentric input and output shafts connected by means of bevel gears, connected by means of concentric cardan gears with drive axles, the central part of which is located horizontally in the transverse plane of the vehicle and consists of concentric input shafts connected by means of bevel gears shafts associated with said side axles, the transmission shafts being connected to each other in places power flow through symmetrical differentials, and the steering gear consists of a carrier mounted in the bore of the body around the central transmission shaft, which is rotatable and axially displaceable by means of two pairs of gear type worm gears and a pipe with two diametrically opposite radial fingers on which they are concentrically mounted diametrically opposed slotted four tubular steering shaft, each of which § concentric shaft mi is connected with the corresponding rotary lateral axle mounted relative to the vertical axis, while the slots of each of the tubular steering shafts are made with sections of the same length directed along the axis and sections of the helical profile in the two outer steering shafts associated with the rear rotary side axles wheels, additional slots are made, intersecting at right angles with the axial section of the above-mentioned grooves, and the steering shafts at the location of the slots are made axially movable a support with a pin for communication with the corresponding openings of the housing, and slots are made on said carrier and the central transmission shaft. 2. Vehicle according to π. 1, characterized in that between the cardan gears and the shafts of the steering gear is installed switchable spline coupling. 3. Vehicle according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that on each side axle there are two wheels with differential drive between them.