SU1015868A1 - Potato growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD OF CULTIVATION OF THE CARTO. TUBE, including the cultivation of potato plants from cuttings in; in vitro culture followed by transplanting cultivation facilities into the soil, characterized in that, in order to increase potato productivity by stimulating stolonogenesis and forming a multi-stem bush, after transplanting plants to the soil, a short photoperiod of 9-10 h is applied to plants during the cultivation period for an early and mid-ripening and 6-8 h for late ripening varieties, respectively, for 3-5 weeks, and at the same time apply a medium containing 1-4% sucrose for early varieties and 6-10% for late ripening varieties, with eduyuschim cultivation (L for 2 weeks on a 16 hour photoperiod. C

Description

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The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular, to a method for growing seed potatoes, improved from infection using the meristem culture method and thermotherapy.

The preferential use of the method is in primary seed farming of potatoes (possibly also in breeding), which is due to the transfer of seed farming of potatoes of basic potato farming to virus-free basis, and the starting point of virus-free seed farming is the material improved by the meristem culture method. The main method of growing a healthy material is its propagation by cutting and growing plants under sterile conditions on artificial nutrient media (in test tubes). Plants grown in test tubes are transplanted into the soil for tuber poluni. This method of cultivation yields high compared with other methods; multiplication factor: for 3 months i can be obtained from a single plant up to 2-3 thousand plants suitable for

planting in the soil and obtaining tubers. The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity of plants grown and transplanted into a greenhouse to produce tubers, especially in the autumn-winter period, which is associated with unfavorable conditions (temperature, intensity and duration of illumination). The use of the method of growing plants grown in vitro in breeding is associated with bark breeding of high-value hybrids.

There is a known method of growing seed and breeding material of potatoes, healthy from infections, by cutting the plants in vitro in a test-tube culture and further growing such plants in greenhouses to produce tubers. Plants from cuttings are grown at a light intensity of 5-20 thousand liters and a 16-hour photoperiod. This ensures optimum plant growth. From the test tubes, plants are planted in the soil of cultivation facilities to produce tubers. However, under greenhouse conditions, the regimes for stolon and tuberization are unfavorable in terms of lighting and temperature. This especially applies to the winter period, when the intensity of the illumination is 10% of the illumination in the summer period. In summertime, the temperature in greenhouses is 10-1 ° C higher than optimum for tuberization, and the plants are shaded with film and gauze. 13 The disadvantage of this method is that in unfavorable conditions of greenhouses, plants reproduced in vitf-o produce a low yield, which makes tuberous material is expensive.

There is also known a method of growing healthy potatoes from infection, including reproduction in vitro, subsequent cultivation of plants in greenhouses to produce tubers. Plants from cuttings in this case are grown at an intensity of illumination of 5-20 thousand liters and a 16-hour photoperiod. Temperature conditions: during the day 23-25 ° C, at night 17-20 s, humidity 70% Under these conditions, well-developed plants are formed that are suitable for transplantation into the soil. Plants from test tubes, along with unused agar, are planted in the soil to obtain tubers. The cultivation of plants is carried out both in stationary greenhouses and in film-gauze plants in the spring-summer period according to a common technology 23.

The main disadvantage of this method is that plants grown in vitro are transplanted into the soil of greenhouses under adverse conditions for stolon and tuberization. At the same time, these conditions favor the elongation of plants and the accumulation of a large vegetative mass (stems and leaves). Such catches are: in summer, air and soil temperatures increased by 10-15 ° C, plant shade with film-gauze coating of greenhouses, favorable irrigation and fertilizer conditions, and in winter there is insufficient light intensity (10% or less of normal ), the modified spectral composition of light. All this causes a weak stolonoobrazovanie and a small number of tubers per plant (3-8 units). In addition, plants formed in vitro and transplanted into the soil are developed by a single stalk, which is already growing over the soil, developing shoots from the leaf axils and thus accumulating a large vegetative mass. It is known that the number of tubers is directly dependent on the number of stems (self-contained). Thus, single stem is ONE of the causes of low plant productivity. The disadvantage is also the high cost of the resulting tuberous material, which is associated with low productivity of the cultivated plants.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of potatoes.

The goal is achieved by stimulating stolonogenesis from

plants and the formation of a multi-stem bush after transplanting plants into the soil on plants during the period of Invitro cultivation is affected by a short photoperiod of 9-1.0. h for early and middle ripening and 6-8 h for late-ripening varieties, respectively, for 3-5 weeks, and at the same time apply the medium containing 1–4% sucrose for early varieties and 6–10% for late ripening varieties followed by growing for 2 weeks in a 16-hour photoperiod.

The method is carried out in the following manner, - Growing potato varieties cultivated by the meristem culture method. The spark is carried out in stationary greenhouses in December-April 1978-1979. The original plants are disseminated on 17.11.79 g in vitro conditions for the following composition: macro salt in the recipe of the laboratory of rehabilitation of the UNIIKH, microsols according to Murasige-Skugu supplements mg / l: adenine 0.25 kinetin 0.25; NUK 1.0; ascorbic acid 3.0; vitamin b 1/0; vitamin b 1,6; agar 7000; sucrose 10,000. Three groups of cuttings, as separate variants, were cultivated for 3 weeks at a photoperiod of 16,12 ° C h, respectively, then the plants of the three variants of the experiment continued to grow: two weeks at 16-hour illumination

This mode of illumination stimulated the formation of stolons in vitro. But then the plants were transplanted into pots, fed after 3 days with a solution of Knop and microelements along the Murashigekug and planted 6 days later in the greenhouse ground. The peculiarity of this period of cultivation of plants is minimal in the year when the sun illuminates the rays of the sun (December December). After transplantation into the soil, plants of the second and third variants of the experiment formed a multi-stem shrub (4-7 stems), and plants of the first variant formed a single-stem (occasionally 2 stems). The table presents data on the productivity of potato plants grown on different photoperiods (variety Iskra).

As shown by the results of the experiment (see table), the E control variant of the plant formed only 3.5 tuber, and with a 12 and 10-hour photoperiod of in-vitro illumination of plants, respectively, 1.9 and 2.7 times more.

Similar experiments were carried out with growing plants of the Iskra variety in film-gauze greenhouses in June-August 1979 and May-August 1980. In the first case, exposure to plants in vitro with a 10-hour photoperiod caused an increase in urozh.zh compared to the 16-hour photoperiod option 1.7 times, in the second experiment - 1.6 times. The same tendency is established for the late ripened variety Temp.

However, to achieve this effect in increasing the yield of tubers, an effect of an 8-hour photoperiod of 4 weeks duration and an increase in sucrose concentration in the nutrient medium (up to 6%) was used. These conditions proved optimal for stolonoobrazovanie in vitro, and then - the tuber Formation.

Using the proposed method of growing potatoes propagated in vitro, in seed-growing and breeding work, compared with the known, an increase in the productivity of plants is at least 1.6 times; acceleration of the process of reproduction of scarce material for seed production and breeding; reduction of electricity and medium costs when growing plants; Reducing the cost of seed for primary seed production.

December 1978

H-1

april 1979

H-1

H-1 H-1

June-August 1979 H-1

3.5

100 191 6.7

271

9.5

8.3

172

Note. H-1 - Wednesday specified in the text

Table continuation

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR GROWING CARTOON.FEL, including cultivating potato plants from cuttings in an in vitro culture followed by transplanting cultivating structures into the soil, characterized in that, in order to increase potato productivity by stimulating stolon formation and forming a multi-stem bush, after transplanting the plants into soil in plants cultivation period · act with a short photoperiod of 9-10 hours for early and mid-ripening and 6-8 hours for late-ripening varieties, respectively, for 3-5 weeks, and at the same time apply t medium containing 1-4% sucrose for early varieties and 6-10% for late-maturing varieties, followed by cultivation for 2 weeks on a 16 hour photoperiod. <20>