SU1015857A1 - Potato storage for receiving,long storing,treating and delivering potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

1. POTATO STORAGE FOR RECEPTION, TREATMENT, LONGER STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION -CARTOFEL, containing the receiving, sorting, storing and dispensing potatoes, in which a roller sorting machine, waste bin, non-standard potato dispenser, and non-standard potato dispenser have been installed in the course of the process. small potatoes and a machine for packaging and packing potatoes, characterized in that, in order to mechanize and automate the process of receiving, sorting, storing and delivering potatoes for sale, and Also, to reduce damage to the tubers, in the sorting compartment, the rollers of the sorting machine are mounted on the shaft eccentrically and equipped with a device for cleaning them, the storage compartment is equipped with a conveyor located on the girder, which is installed under the stationary pa-conveyor. parallel to it, it is fixed on a unloading carriage being moved along the rails with a drive for moving it across the storage compartment, cascade descent, installed between the conveyor and the bottom of the storage compartment placed on the girder,. drive carriages mounted on the longitudinal conveyors placed under the roof of the storage compartment, placed along the bottom of this compartment by a tunnel, with a self-loading cart. The windows and conveyors installed on it, and the Veldacha branch has finished-product and waste conveyors and is equipped with a flow divider fixed above the working branch of the potato bulkhead conveyor. 2. The potato storage facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce damage to the club during unloading of the vehicle potato into the receiving vessels, their walls are covered with elastic material and have, in the loading zone, depreciation nets. 3. The potato storage according to claim 1, d is characterized in that the rollers of the sorting machine are made of an elastic material with a hexagonal hole and fixed on the hexagonal shaft with offset of each subsequent roller relative to the previous one by an angle of 60, and the device for cleaning the rollers of high ES is complete in the form of under them combs. 4. The potato storage according to claim 1 ,. differs in that the unloading carriage is electrically connected to the crane beam, provided with supporting rollers, rubberized tray and conversion arrow, the supporting rollers, the arrow and the tray being placed above the working branch of the conveyor, which is placed under the arrow installed opposite the tray and resting on the supporting videos. 5. The potato storage facility of claim 1, wherein in order to reduce damage to tubers

Description

potatoes at the beginning of the heap laying, cascade descent is made in the form of check with trays with alternate sides inclined alternately with a concave surface made of elastic mother. At the same time the length of the trays is less than the width of the shaft.

6. Potato storage according to claim 1, d. Specifically, self-unloading windows in the tunnel have hingedly movable rubberized doors with locks and are installed with the possibility of opening them into the tunnel, with one side of the conveyor, the tunnel is angled with the gap between the conveyor and the sloping bottom of the storage compartment.

7. The potato storage facility according to claim 1, which is based on the fact that the flow divider of the potato bulkhead conveyor is made in the form of a rubberized tray connected to the finished product conveyor, with a hole in the tray communicating with the conveyor and framed by a U-shaped shell, to the ends of which are pivotally attached to the movement of the working branch of the conveyor belt bulkhead potatoes of various lengths, the boiler: rye installed with the possibility of them in gate and fixation and have a removable wall

The invention relates to the field of storage of agricultural products, in particular potatoes. Potato warehouses, in which potato processing lines include cleaning, sorting mechanisms and mechanisms for other operations are known. The disadvantages of such potato storages are the lack of automation and mechanization of the whole process of accepting, sorting, putting in storage and handing out potatoes, as well as damage to tubers during the said operations. . A potato storage facility for receiving, processing, long-term storage and distribution of potatoes is known, which contains receiving, sorting, storing and delivering potatoes, in which a roller sorting machine, waste bin, bun, core for non-standard potatoes are installed in the process, potatoes and potato filling and packing machine 2.. The disadvantages of the well-known potato storage are that it is impossible to receive the coarse conveyor and unload it with devices that reduce damage to the tubers, as well as cleaning the roller of the sorting machine from the stuck earth. When storing potatoes in storage, it is necessary to constantly move the vehicles, freeing up the area for stacked potatoes. In addition, there are no devices that reduce damage to the tubers at the beginning of the pile heap; additional mechanisms are required for unloading potatoes from storage, picking up potatoes from the storage floor and placing them on the conveyor. The purpose of the invention is to mechanize and automate the process of accepting, sorting, storing and delivering potatoes, as well as reducing damage to tubers. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the sorting division, the rollers of the sorting machine are eccentrically mounted on the shaft and equipped with a device for their cleaning, the storage compartment is equipped with a conveyor located on the girder, which is installed under the stationary conveyor parallel to it and fixed to the unloading trolley being moved along the rails with the drive of its movement across the storage compartment, cascade descent, mounted between the conveyor and the bottom of the storage compartment placed on the crane-beam, driving carts Mounted on the placed under a roof storage compartment of the longitudinal conveyors, placed along the bottom of the separation tunnel with samorazgruzhayuschimis windows and set it and the conveyors, and issuing a branch conveyor finished products and wastes and provided with a flow divider, fixed on the working branch of the conveyor potato bulkheads. In order to reduce damage to the tubers when unloading potatoes from the vehicle into the receiving hoppers, the walls of the latter are covered with elastic material and have damping nets in the loading area. The rollers of the sorting machine are made of an elastic material with a hexagonal hole and mounted on a hexagonal shaft with each subsequent roller offset relative to the previous one by an angle of 60, and the device for cleaning the rollers is made in the form of a bed placed under them. The unloading trolley is electrically connected to the crane beam, equipped with support rollers, a rubberized tray and a conversion arrow, the support rollers, the needle and the hitch being placed above the working branch of the conveyor, which is located under the arrow installed opposite the tray and is supported by the support rollers. In addition, in order to reduce damage to potato tubers at the beginning of stacking the heap, cascade descent is made in the form of a shaft with alternatingly inclined trays with a concave surface made of elastic material, while the length of the trays is less than the width of the shaft. Self-unloading windows in the tunnel have hingedly movable rubberized doors with locks and are installed with the possibility of opening them inside the tunnel, with one side of the conveyor tunnel installed at an angle with the gap between the conveyor and the sloping bottom of the storage compartment closed. In addition, the flow divider of the potato bulkhead transporter is made in the form of a rubberized tray connected to the finished product conveyor, with a hole in the tray communicating with the waste conveyor and framed by a U-shaped shell, directed to the ends of which are pinned. To the movement of the working branch of the transport of the bulkhead of potatoes, the guards of various lengths, which are installed with the possibility of their turning and fixing and have a removable wall. FIG. 1 depicts a potato chip plant, a plan view; in fig. 2 view A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 view B in FIG. one; in fig. 4 is a view of In figure 1; la fig. 5 is a section of YYD in FIG. one; in fig. 6 — node I in FIG. 5, in FIG. 7 of FIG. 6 - node I - - wi 1 D in FIG. 6; in fig. 8 - section E-E in FIG. one; in fig. 9 — node II in FIG. eight; in fig. 10 is a view of FIG. 9; in fig. 11 is a view 3 in FIG. 9 in FIG. 12 is a section AND-AND in FIG. eleven; in fig. 13 is a node III in FIG. eight; in fig. 14 — node IV in FIG. eight; in FIG. 15 is a view of K in FIG. 14; in fig. 16 is a section LL in FIG. 14; FIG. 17 is a view M of FIG. 13; FIG. 18; H-H in FIG. 17; in fig. 19, node V in FIG. 2; in fig. 20 is a view P of FIG. nineteen; in fig. 21 is a P-P slit in FIG. 2; in fig. 22 shows the CC section of FIG. 21; in fig. 23 shows a section of T-T in FIG. 21. The potato storage facility contains a potato receiving reception 1, a sorting compartment 2, a storage compartment 3, a release compartment 4. -. - The potato receiving section 1 includes depore 5 for entry and exit of freight transport, overturns 6 in the receiving bunkers 7. Under the bunker 7, conveyors 8 and further conveyors 9 are installed. The receiving bins 7 are equipped with shock-absorbing nets 10 in the loading area, made of elastic straps attached to the perimeter of the hopper. 7. The size of the grid cells is 5-8 drameters of standard potatoes. The walls of the hopper 7 are covered with elastic material 11. The sorting compartment 2 includes a lifting conveyor 12, a sorting machine 13 with a tray 14. Under the sorting machine 13 there is a waste bin 15 and a bunker 16 for non-standard potatoes. At the bottom, the bunkers are closed with shutters 17. The sorting machine 13 (Fig. 2) is equipped with driving rollers 18 (the drive of the rollers is not shown in the drawing), between which a clearance of 10-12 mm is established above the waste bunker 15, which is sufficient for spilling of soil and small impurities. a bunker 16 for non-standard potatoes has a gap of 20-25 mm, sufficient for spilling non-standard potatoes. The rollers 18 are prefabricated, their construction is shown in FIG. 21, 22 and. 23. On the hexagon shaft 19, which has a drive 20, rollers 21 are planted, made of elastic material with a hexagonal hole, located eccentrically 3-4 mm relative to the outer contour. Moreover, the rollers 21 are seated on the shaft 19 with a displacement of the subsequent roller relative to the previous one by an angle of 60, and between the rollers 21 spacers 22 are installed. Under the rollers 21 there is a device for cleaning them, made in the form of a comb 23 fixedly mounted on a frame. with the perimeter and the ends of the rollers. Turning the rollers 21 relative to each other by 60 ° contributes to a better wave-like agitating of potatoes and separation of the ground. In all rollers 1c, rollers 21 occupy the same position relative to each other. The storage compartment 3 includes two conveyors 24, two conveyors 25 and 26 with driving discharging tvs 27 and 2Fj mounted on them, two crane beams 29 and 3 with one stationary 31 mounted on each and one 3.2 maneuvering conveyor, several portable cascade descents 33, a tunnel 34 with self-unloading windows 35, closing doors 36, two conveyors 37 and 38 and two conveyors lifting potatoes 39 and 40. Driving unloading carts: 27 and 28 are electrically connected to the crane with beams 29 and 30, equipped with actuators 4 1 (FIG. 9-12) for the movement of the trolley along rails 42 located on the sides of the upper part of the frame of the conveyors 25 and 26. Each trolley is equipped with a feather. water arrow 43, rubber-coated plate 44, short cantilever rollers 45 and 46 for the belt 47, two support rollers 48 and 49. The edge of the leading branch of the belt 47 passes under the rollers 45 and 46. Then the belt rises, passes under the conversion arrow 43, Refer to the support rollers 48 and 49. The rollers 45 and 46 are covered with covers 50 and 51, and the section for lifting and lowering the tape 47 is limited by the sides 52 and 53. Opposite to the tray 44, the board is cut. Drop beams 29 and 30 are provided with drives (not shown) for moving along rails 54 and 55 along the store. On each crane-beam in the center, one short stationary conveyor 31 is fixed, and a maneuvering 32 under it. Maneuvering the track of the torus 32 is fixed on a trolley 56 with a drive (not shown). The cart 56 has the ability to move the maneuvering conveyor 32 under the stationary conveyors 31 across the storehouse on rails. The cascade descent 33 is made portable in the form of a shaft and is used only to begin the laying of a pile of potatoes. Cascade descent 33 has four racks 57 (Fig. 14-16), to which bars 58 are inclined attached. Trays 59 made of elastic material are attached to the top of two paired bars 58. The length of the lot to a is less than the width of the mine. 59 have a concave surface. I. Tunnel 34 is located at the bottom of the repository. There are windows 35 in the side walls of the tunnel, which are closed by doors 36. Doors are hinged 60 and locked with locks 61. Before filling the potatoes in the storehouse, all doors must be locked with locks 61. Windows 35 in the tunnel are located at the border of the tunnel with the bottom of the storage area is inclined towards the tunnel 62. At the bottom of the storage, ventilation channels 63 are made, covered with wooden grids 64. Conveyors tunnel 37 and 38 have two wooden sides. One side, furthest from the window, is placed vertically, and in Mountain, side 65 is inclined and comes into contact with the bottom of storage 62, which is a continuation of it. The potato dispensing section 4 includes two potato bulkhead transporters 66 and 67, a finished products conveyor 68, a waste transporter 69, a waste lifting conveyor 70, a waste bunker 71, a machine for separating small potatoes 72 and a potato filling and packing machine 73. Each potato bulkhead conveyor 66 and 67 is equipped with a flow divider mounted above the working branch. The flow divider (Fig. 13, 17, 18) is made in the form of a rubberized tray 74, connecting the potato bulkhead 66 conveyor 66 to the finished product conveyor 68. A hole 75 is made in the tray 74 through which the defective potatoes enter the waste conveyor 69. The hole is framed by U -shape shell 76, to the ends of which, using hinges 77 and 78, are attached flaps 79 and 80 of various lengths. The second ends of the plates are attached to the conveyor frame with handwheels 81 in two positions}} x. In the first position, the flaps 79 and 80 are installed parallel to the sides of the conveyor and connected by a third removable wall 82. In the second position, the wall 82 is removed and the second ends of the flaps 79 and 80 are separated to the sides of the potato bulkhead conveyor. 66 and are fastened in this position to the handwheel or 81. In the first position, a cavity 83 is formed between the plates. The potato storage works as follows. Transport loaded with potatoes, on apporel m 5 arrives at the tipper 6. Open one side. Tipping 6 tilts transport and pours potatoes into bunker 7. At the same time, two loaded vehicles can be unloaded. In this case, there are two parallel threads. The potato falls onto the damper net 10, is delayed, and then wakes up through the cells into the bunker. The potato enters the conveyor 8 through an open window in the bottom of the bunker, then by means of transport 9 and 12 enters the sorting machine 13. In the sorting machine 13, above the bunker 15, the ground is separated from the potatoes, and above the bunker 16, non-standard potatoes. From the sorting machine 13 through the tray 14, the potatoes arrive on the conveyors 24, and along them on the conveyors 25 and 26, which transport the potatoes to the arrow 43 of the unloading trolleys 27 and 28. The unloading trolleys 27 and 28, crane-and-alky 29 and 30 are first installed to the edges of the vault, and then, as they are filled, they move to its middle. Arrow 43 directs the potatoes to tray 44, along which it rolls onto a stationary conveyor 31. Transporter 31 transfers the potato to a maneuvering conveyor 32, which, at the beginning of heap laying, pours it onto a cascade descent 33. Down Cascade descent 33, the potatoes sink to the bottom of the vault, and a pile begins to form. As the pile grows, the cascade descent is buried in it. Subsequently, the potato from the maneuvering conveyor 32 is poured directly onto a pile of potatoes directly raised to the level of the conveyor. The maneuvering conveyor 32 moves somewhat, continuing to pour the potatoes onto a pile. In order to place the potatoes to the opposite wall of the storage (after moving the maneuvering conveyor), the direction of movement of the conveyor belt 31 and 32 is reversed. Filling the storage with potatoes is done to level. At the bottom of the crane beams 29 and 30. During storage of the potatoes in the storage, the temperature is kept constant at +2 - by supplying cold or heated air through the channels 63. To sell the potatoes, it is dispensed as follows: the locks 61 are opened on one of the doors 36 , the door under pressure of the potato opens to the board of the conveyor of the tunnel 37 and 38. The potato flows by gravity to the transport of the tunnel 37 or 38 depending on which side of the door is open in the tunnel 34. By conveyors 37 and 38 and lifting conveyors kart Fel 39 and potatoes 40 comes primarily in potato transporters bulkheads 66 and 67, on either side brute hundred m. The latter take the spoiled potatoes and throw them into the cavity 83. The spoiled potatoes are transported through waste conveyors 69 and 70 to the waste bunker 71, from where it comes from. export t transport. The enlarged potatoes in tray 74 rolls onto a conveyor of finished products 68, which rolls them to a machine for separating small potatoes 72. Then the potatoes arrive at the machine for packaging and packing potatoes for sale. If it is necessary to load the potatoes into the transport without packing and separating the trifles, the wall 82 is removed and the flaps 79 and 80 are diluted to the sides of the conveyor, then all the potatoes go through the holes 75 to the waste conveyor 69 and then to the waste lifting conveyor 70 to the waste bunker 71 Bunker unloaded by opening the shutter 84., After opening the door 36, the latter is not closed, and stopping the supply of potatoes for sale is carried out by turning off the conveyors of the tunnel 37 and 38. After pouring through the open door 36 with the whole potato, open the door next to it, and close the first one. Through the open door 3S, the potato lying opposite this door is poured out completely without the worker’s fate due to the sloping bottom of the storages and sides of the 65 conveyors of the tunnel 37,38. Using the storage of the proposed design will allow to mechanize and automate almost everything. operations. Manual labor is excluded, except for the operation of removing spoiled Zhurtofel on the potato bulkhead conveyors. Significantly reduced damage to tubers. A large number of workers are released, as there is no need to reassemble the potatoes. The quality preservation of potatoes is increased at a constant temperature of +2, which is maintained by feeding cold or heated from the air through channels located in the bottom of the storage. Potatoes under such storage conditions do not spoil, do not germinate and remain high quality during the storage period.

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Claims (7)

1. POTATO STORAGE FOR 'RECEIVING, PROCESSING, LONG STORAGE AND DELIVERY OF POTATOES, containing i compartments for receiving, sorting, storing and dispensing potatoes, in which, during the technological process, a roller sorting machine, a waste bin, a non-standard potato bin, a machine for separating small potatoes and an automatic machine for packaging and packaging potatoes, characterized in that, for the purpose of mechanization and automation of the process of receiving, sorting, storing and distributing potatoes for sale, as well as to reduce damage to tubers, in the sorting compartment, the rollers of the sorting machine are eccentrically mounted on the shaft and equipped with a device for cleaning them, the storage compartment is equipped with a conveyor located on the crane beam, which is installed under the stationary conveyor in parallel with it and mounted on the unloading trolley moving along rails with a drive for moving it across the storage compartment, a cascade descent installed between the conveyor located on the crane beam and the bottom of the storage compartment, drive trolleys, mounting in the longitudinal conveyors located under the roof of the storage compartment, located along the bottom of this compartment with a tunnel, with self-loading- ·. with windows and transporters installed in it, and the dispensing department has conveyors of finished products and waste and is equipped with a flow divider fixed above the working branch of the potato bulk conveyor. 2. Potato storage pop. 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce damage to the tubers during unloading. Potatoes from the vehicle to the receiving hopper, their walls are covered with elastic material and have shock-absorbing nets in the loading zone. 3. Potato storage by π. 1, characterized in that the rollers of the sorting machine are made of elastic material with a hexagonal hole and are mounted on a hexagonal shaft with an offset of each subsequent roller relative to the previous one by an angle of 60 °, and the device for cleaning the rollers is made in the form of a comb placed under them. 4. Potato storage facility under item 1 ,. characterized in that the unloading trolley is electrically connected to the crane beam, equipped with support rollers, a rubberized tray and a conversion arrow, and the support rollers, arrow and tray placed above the working branch of the conveyor, which is located under the arrow opposite the tray and rests on the support rollers. 5. Potato storage by π. 1, characterized in that in order to reduce damage to potato tubers at the beginning of heap laying, cascade descent is made in the form of a shaft with trays alternately inclined in opposite directions with a concave surface of elastic material, while the length of the trays is less than the width of the shaft. 6. Potato storage according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the self-unloading windows in the tunnel have pivotally movable rubberized doors with locks and are installed with the possibility of opening them inside the tunnel, and one side of the conveyor, the tunnel is installed at an angle with the clearance between the conveyor and sloping bottom of the storage compartment. 7, Potato storage according to claim 1, with the fact that the flow divider of the conveyor for the transfer of potatoes is made in the form of a rubberized tray connected to the conveyor of finished products, while in the tray there is a hole communicating with a conveyor and framed by a V-shaped shell, to the ends of which shields of various lengths directed towards the movement of the working branch of the potato bulkhead conveyor are pivotally mounted, which are mounted with the possibility of rotation and fixing and have a removable wall.