SK9840Y1 - Multi-chamber tubular separator of solid pollutants for small heat sources - Google Patents

Abstract

Multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator for small heat sources located behind the heat source (1) between the inlet pipe (2), the elbow (3) and the outlet pipe (11) consists of a lower reducer (4), an upper reducer (5) and chimney pipe (6). A metal partition (7) dividing the separation space into separate chambers is placed in direct contact with the chimney pipe (6). A threaded rod (8.1) with the function of an ionization electrode is placed in each chamber. Metal cutouts (8.4) are attached to the threaded rods (8.1) creating sharp edges for the corona discharge necessary for the proper function of the separator. Electrodes connected using conductive preparations create a system (8) of ionization electrodes. Insulating pads (9, 10) are placed between the conductive preparations and both ends of the partition to insulate the positive and negative electrodes. By connecting the system (8) of ionization electrodes to the negative pole and the chimney pipe (6) and partition (7) with the function of collection electrodes to the positive pole of the external voltage source, TZL is separated from the flue gas stream.

Description

The field of technology

The multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator for small heat sources belongs to the category of accessories for combustion equipment, specifically devices for capturing solid pollutants. The technical solution falls into the field of engineering industry.

Current state of the art

An important element of air pollution is emissions of solid pollutants (TSL). These are small solid particles with a size in the order of micrometers, which enter the atmosphere during combustion processes in boiler rooms, in incinerators, in households, in industrial production, from agricultural activities or from the movement of vehicles in transport. Depending on their size, TZL directly affect human health. Larger particles known professionally as PM10 (particles smaller than 10 pm) can settle in the upper respiratory tract. The smaller the particles, the deeper they can penetrate into the respiratory tract. Particles labeled PM2.5 (particles smaller than 2.5 pm) can penetrate into the lower respiratory tract, and in smaller sizes into the bloodstream and affect the proper function of individual organs.

The largest source of TZL emissions in the territory of the Slovak Republic, as well as in the whole of Central Europe, is the area of household heating with small heat sources.

Electrostatic precipitators are characterized by high collection efficiency of TZL even with small particle sizes (PM2.5). The principle of the function of the electrostatic precipitator results from the knowledge that an electrically charged particle is exerted by an electric field. A particle by itself does not carry an electric charge, but it can acquire it under certain conditions. In the case of TZL from flue gas, these are particles made up mainly of carbon, which is an electronegative element, meaning that it binds free electrons to itself and creates a negative ion.

Electrostatic precipitators have found their application in industrial production and energy, where large parallel (chamber) precipitators are used. They differ from tubular ones by the size and structural arrangement of the electrodes. Ionization electrodes are placed between metal plates, representing collection electrodes, and at the same time, in most cases, they are oriented perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. In pipe separators, the collection electrode is formed by a chimney pipe (provided that it is a metal pipe) and the ionization electrode is mostly oriented in the direction of the flow of polluted gas, i.e. in the axis of the chimney pipe.

According to patent document PL228299B1, an electrostatic precipitator consisting of vertically negative corona electrodes and positive collector electrodes is installed in the dust and soot removal module, of which the collector electrodes are mechanically connected to an electric motor that generates pulses of these electrodes to clean them from dust and soot. With them, there is a gravitational fall down into the located tank for dust and soot, which is equipped with a drain cap at the outlet. The dust and soot removal module is linked from above with other modules.

Patent document US2017326557A1 describes a process, a filter module and an air cleaning device composed of filter modules for highly efficient air cleaning. The principle of adhesive and repulsive effect is used to trap contaminating particles. An essential part of the invention is the filter module, which is equipped with electrodes connected to high voltage. The electrodes are surrounded by a housing consisting of a base plate connected to zero potential, side plates and a cover plate. Two electrodes form a pair of electrodes, and two pairs of electrodes form a filter module, where the pairs of electrodes are placed such that there is one electrode of opposite potential installed between two electrodes of the same potential. Patent document EP3488933A1 describes an electrostatic air filter connected to a high voltage source, comprising an air channel with inlet and outlet, in which on the air inlet side there is an ion generator comprising at least one corona electrode and at least one collector electrode, the corona electrodes and the collector electrodes being electrically connected to each other , while the collecting electrodes are isolated from the corona electrodes, so that corona discharges can occur between them due to the potential difference, which cause the ionization of dirt particles present in the air flowing through the air channel.

The essence of the technical solution

The multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator for small heat sources solves the problem of trapping TZL in the chimney space of small heat sources. The presented technical solution includes a dry tubular electrostatic precipitator for small heat sources, located outside the heat source in the chimney pipe. The separator is part of the chimney system, it is placed in the vertical direction between the outlet pipe and the elbow, which is connected to the inlet pipe connected to the heat source. The separator contains reductions compensating for the difference between the diameters of the inlet and outlet pipes and the chimney pipe of the separator. The chimney pipe of the separator has a larger diameter than the inlet and outlet pipes due to the increase in the collection area of the separator. In the chimney pipe, a sheet metal partition consisting optimally of two sheets connected by welding joints in the shape of a cross is attached from the inside, which divides the separation space into four equal parts, chambers. The partition can be made from at least one piece of sheet metal, but also from a different number of sheets. It follows that the separation space can be divided into at least two chambers, the optimal solution is to divide the space into four chambers. At the same time, the sheet metal partition is in direct contact with the chimney pipe and thus fulfills the function of the collecting electrode, which results in a significant increase of the collecting area of the separator by the area of the entire partition without affecting the external dimensions of the separator. An ionization electrode is applied to each of the created chambers. In the space above and below the partition, all ionization electrodes are connected using conductive preparations into a regular shape according to the number of ionization electrodes. This creates a system of ionization electrodes connected to the negative pole of the voltage source forming a single unit. Ionization electrodes are threaded rods that meet the electrical properties of the electrode and at the same time connect the structure so that there are no spatial deviations of the system. The upper conductive preparation contains an output for connecting the negative pole of an external voltage source. Insulating pads are placed between the conductive preparations connecting the ionization electrodes and both ends of the partition for the purpose of isolating the positive and negative electrodes. In order to reduce the necessary supply voltage for the generation of corona discharge, metal cutouts are placed on the individual threaded rods performing the function of ionization electrodes, which create sharp edges on the surface of the ionization electrodes that intensify the strength of the electric field and enable the generation of corona discharge even at lower values of the supply voltage. Sheet metal cuttings are attached to threaded rods using screw nuts, which makes it possible to investigate the influence of the mutual distance of individual cuttings on the separation process.

Overview of images on drawings

In picture no. 1 shows a multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator for small heat sources connected by means of an inlet pipe to a heat source with a cross-section of a chimney pipe.

In fig. 2 shows the shapes of sheet metal cutouts for ionization electrodes.

In fig. 3 shows the assembly of the multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator itself for small heat sources in a front and top view.

Implementation examples

Example 1

The multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator for small heat sources consists of a chimney pipe 6, pipe diameter reductions, while the lower reduction 4 is connected by means of an elbow 3 to the inlet pipe 2 connected to the heat source 1. Above the chimney pipe 6 there is an upper reduction 5, thanks to which is possible to connect to the outlet pipe 11 with the same diameter as the diameter of the inlet pipe 2. The lower reduction 4 and the upper reduction 5 allow connection to the chimney pipe 6, which serves as a collecting electrode and at the same time has a larger diameter than the inlet pipe 2 and the outlet pipe 11. A metal partition 7 is applied to the chimney pipe 6, consisting of two sheets welded in the shape of a cross, which touches the inner wall of the chimney pipe 6. Thanks to the location of the partition, the collection surface of the device is also divided into four geometrically identical chambers. In each chamber there is one ionization electrode, which is connected to the other ionization electrodes by means of preparations and together they form a system of 8 ionization electrodes. The four ionization electrodes are formed by four threaded rods 8.1. These are connected to the upper conductive preparation 8.2 and to the lower conductive preparation 8.3 by means of screw connections. The upper conductive preparation 8.2 contains an output for connecting the negative pole of an external voltage source. Thanks to the screw connections of the threaded rods 8.1, a connection is created that tightens the system of 8 ionization electrodes and prevents spatial deviations of the structure. In order to prevent contact of the conductive preparations and the lower conductive preparation 8.3 with the partition 7, an upper insulating pad 10 is placed between the upper conductive preparation 8.2 and the upper end of the partition 7, and a lower insulating pad 9 is placed between the lower conductive preparation 8.3 and the lower end of the partition 7. These prevent by direct contact with the collection and ionization electrode. A metal cutout 8.4 in the shape of a four-pointed star is attached to the individual threaded rods 8.1 using screw nuts. Thanks to it, sharp edges are formed on the surfaces of the threaded rods 8.1, on which the corona discharge necessary for the proper function of the separator occurs. By connecting the system of 8 ionization electrodes to the negative pole and by connecting the chimney pipe 6 and partition 7 with the function of collecting electrodes to the positive pole of the external voltage source, medium-sized to smaller TZL particles are separated from the flue gas stream.

Example 2

The multi-chamber tubular separator of solid pollutants for small heat sources is constructed as in example no. 1 with the difference that at least two sheet metal cutouts 8.4 of a suitable shape are attached to the threaded rods 8.1, for example according to fig. no. 2 for the formation of a corona discharge and an increase in the strength of the electric field in 10 dependence on the applied voltage.

Industrial applicability

The multi-chamber tubular separator of solid pollutants for small heat sources can be used as a separator of smaller, medium-sized and larger fractions of solid pollutants from flue gases in the chimney tract of small heat sources used mainly in households.

List of relationship tags

- Source of heat

- Inlet pipe

3 - Knee

- Bottom reduction

- Upper reduction

- Chimney pipe

- Crossbar

8 - System of ionization electrodes

8.1 - Threaded rod

8.2 - Upper conductive preparation

8.3 - Lower conductive preparation

8.4 - Sheet metal cutout

9 - Lower insulating pad

- Upper insulating pad

- Output pipe

Claims (1)

CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION Multi-chamber tubular solid pollutant separator for small heat sources located behind the heat source (1) between the inlet pipe (2), the elbow (3) and the outlet pipe (11), 5 characterized by the fact that it consists of a lower reducer (4) connected to the elbow (3), the upper reduction (5) connected to the outlet pipe (11) and the chimney pipe (6), in which the system (8) of ionization electrodes is located, which is formed by the upper conductive device (8.2), the lower conductive device (8.3 ), at least two threaded rods (8.1) and at least one sheet metal cutout (8.4), in the chimney pipe (6) a partition (7) consisting of at least one sheet 10 dividing the separation space into chambers is placed in direct contact with it, while between a lower insulating pad (9) is placed between the lower end of the partition (7) and the lower conductive device (8.3), and an upper insulating pad (10) is placed between the upper end of the partition (7) and the upper conductive device (8.2), and the upper conductive device (8.2) and the lower conductive preparation (8.3) are attached to threaded rods (8.1) to connect these ionization electrodes in a regular shape, while the upper conductive preparation (8.2) has an outlet for connecting the negative pole of the external voltage source 15, further that in each chamber there is one threaded rod (8.1) and on each threaded rod (8.1) at least one metal cutout (8.4) of a suitable shape is attached using screw nuts, creating sharp edges on the surface of the ionization electrodes to intensify the strength of the electric field and enable corona discharge even at lower values of the supplied voltage.