SK9611Y1 - U-shaped chimney separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The U-shaped chimney separator consists of two U-shaped separator arms, into which two threaded rods (6) and two elbows (3) are inserted, by means of which the separator is inserted between the inlet chimney pipe (2) and the outlet chimney pipe (10) directly into the existing chimney pipe for a small heat source (1). Each separator arm consists of two T-pieces (4), a separator arm part (5), two plugs (7), these components being inserted into each other. The threaded rods (6) inserted into the separator arms and attached to the top plugs (7) by means of electrically non-conductive washers (8) are connected to an external voltage source, which causes a corona discharge between the threaded rods (6). The individual components form a U-shaped flue gas path, where the flue gas flow is directed and larger particles of solid pollutants are initially separated. By connecting the threaded rods (6) to an external voltage source, medium to small particles of solid pollutants are separated from the flowing flue gases.

Description

SK 9611Υ1

The field of technology

The chimney separator in the shape of the letter U belongs to the field of accessories for combustion devices, specifically devices for capturing solid pollutants. The technical solution falls into the field of engineering industry.

Current state of the art

Emissions of solid pollutants released into the air currently represent one of the most serious environmental burdens. Many residents are exposed to their excessive concentrations, which negatively affects their health. The extent of the consequences depends on the size of the TZL, since larger particles can reach the upper respiratory tract, but smaller particles can pass into the lung alveoli or penetrate into the bloodstream. In the case of long-term exposure of residents to high concentrations of these emissions, various chronic diseases may occur.

The main sources of emissions of solid pollutants are local heating plants, incinerators, transport and others. The largest producer of TZL in Central Europe is the burning of solid fuels in households, as it follows from a 2015 study by Karagulian et al.

In the case of fine particles, with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm, an electrostatic separation method is particularly suitable for removal. Various dry and wet methods have already been proposed for their removal, including, for example, inertial separation, washing, filtration, electrostatic precipitation, electron beam irradiation, electrophotoionization and catalysis. The electrostatic precipitation method as a means of removing particulate contaminants has a downside in that when the particles are solid and the electrical resistance of the dust is extremely high, once collected particles will disperse again. This negative is given by reverse ionization. This can be solved by creating a water film on the electrode to catch the dust and continuously washing away the dust. But in conventional wet-type electrostatic precipitators, where a large amount of sludge composed of a mixture of water and dust is generated, processing is extremely difficult.

Electrostatic precipitation is used frequently and, despite the high initial equipment and operating costs, this system may represent the only practical procedure for obtaining acceptably low levels of particulate matter in air, gases or air streams discharged to the atmosphere. The procedure used obviously involves the application of a high voltage to the electrode arrays, so that the gas near the electrodes is ionized and the particles suspended in the gas acquire a charge on contact with the ions of the gas.

Patent document US3917470A describes an electrostatic precipitator for removing liquid and solid particles and toxic gases from an air stream in which the air to be cleaned passes between discharge and collection electrodes and in which a discharge is maintained at the electrode. The discharge is regulated by an optical electrostatic generator and the geometry of the discharge electrode assembly. The optical electrostatic generator can be equipped with different discharge tubes depending on the conductivity of the impurities in the gas. The collection electrode typically has a liquid surface. The collection electrode liquid is circulated and filtered to remove precipitated impurities.

The JPS506675B1 patent document electric device for exhaust gas cleaning has the feature of completely collecting dust in the exhaust gas with extremely high dust collection efficiency without the occurrence of re-scattering and back-ionization. This wet electrostatic precipitation uses a liquid in which a liquid or solid particulate gaseous contaminant is absorbed.

According to the patent document PL228299B1, an electrostatic precipitator consisting of vertically negative corona electrodes and positive collector electrodes is installed in the dust and soot removal module, of which the collector electrodes are mechanically connected to an electric motor that generates pulses of these electrodes to clean them from dust and soot. With them, there is a gravitational fall down into the located tank for dust and soot, which is equipped with a drain cap at the outlet. The dust and soot removal module is linked from above with other modules.

The invention from the patent document WO2005016542A1 provides a device for removing particulate matter from the air comprising a cylindrical wall defining a chamber, first and second electrodes, a power supply connected to the electrodes to provide an electrical potential, etc. The electrodes will cause electrostatic precipitation in the chamber, which will cause particles to accumulate in the area of the first electrode. The inlet may include baffle means for condensation of moisture contained in the exhaust gases, the baffle being a plurality of metal plates with holes connected by metal cylinders, or a combination of circular plates with a series of holes contained in a metal cylinder. Cleaning is simple

SK 9611Υ1 by removing the cap and replacing the collection electrode with a clean one. The removed collection electrode can then be cleaned and reused.

Patent document US2017326557A1 describes a process, a filter module and an air cleaning device composed of filter modules for highly efficient air cleaning. The principle of adhesion and repellency is used to capture contaminating particles. An essential part of the invention is the filter module, which is equipped with electrodes connected to high voltage. The electrodes are surrounded by a housing consisting of a base plate connected to zero potential, side plates and a cover plate. Two electrodes form a pair of electrodes, and two pairs of electrodes form a filter module, where the pairs of electrodes are placed such that there is one electrode of opposite potential installed between two electrodes of the same potential.

Patent document EP3488933A1 describes an electrostatic air filter connected to a high voltage source, comprising an air channel with inlet and outlet, in which on the air inlet side there is an ion generator comprising at least one corona electrode and at least one collector electrode, the corona electrodes and the collector electrodes being electrically connected to each other , while the collecting electrodes are isolated from the corona electrodes, so that corona discharges can occur between them due to the potential difference, which cause the ionization of dirt particles present in the air through the flowing channel.

The essence of the technical solution

The chimney separator in the shape of the letter U solves the problem of trapping solid pollutants in the chimney tract of small heat sources. The separator is part of the chimney tract and is placed by inserting it between the inlet and outlet chimney pipes. The individual components of the separator (T-pieces, plugs, parts of the separator arm, knees) are inserted into each other in the shape of the letter U. The flue gases pass from a small heat source into the chimney tract created in this way, while the flow of flue gases is directed so that the passage of flue gases into the separator in the shape of the letter U, there is an initial separation of larger TZL particles from the flue gas flow. In the arms of the separator, there are further threaded rods fixed with electrically non-conductive pads and connected to an external voltage source, which have the function of electrodes. By connecting the threaded rods to an external voltage source, the medium-sized and smaller TZL particles are separated by the electrostatic separation force, so that passing around the negatively charged threaded rods, the TZL particles are also negatively charged, which are subsequently attracted to the positively charged surface of the walls of the separator arms. The insulating function is performed by electrically non-conductive pads, which at the same time center the location of the threaded rods in the arms of the separator.

Cleaning the chimney tract is carried out by removing the plugs located in the lower and upper parts of the separator arms. After removing the lower plugs, the TZL particles fall into the collection containers. After removing the threaded rods in the upper part together with the upper plugs, the arms of the separator can be cleaned manually with a brush for cleaning the chimney.

Overview of images on drawings

In picture no. 1 shows a sectional view of a U-shaped chimney separator.

Implementation examples

Chimney separator in the shape of the letter U according to picture no. 1 consists of two arms of the separator connected in the shape of the letter U, into which two threaded rods 6 are inserted and fixed and centered with electrically non-conductive washers 8, and two elbows 3, with the help of which the separator is inserted between the inlet chimney pipe 2 and the outlet chimney pipe 10 directly into the existing chimney pipe for a small heat source 1. The U-shaped separator is placed on the base 9 to ensure its stability in the chimney tract.

Each separator arm consists of two T-pieces 4, part 5 of the separator arm and two plugs 7, while these components slide into each other.

The threaded rods 6 inserted into the arms of the separator and attached to the top plugs 7 using electrically non-conductive washers 8 are connected to an external voltage source, causing a corona discharge between the threaded rods 6, which thereby fulfill the function of electrodes.

The flue gases enter the separator directly from the inlet chimney pipe 2. They then pass through the first elbow 3, the first T-piece 4, the first part 5 of the separator arm, then the second

SK 9611Υ1

T-piece 4, the third T-piece 4, the second part 5 of the separator arm, the fourth T-piece 4 and the second elbow 3. After passing the flue gas through the second elbow 3, the flue gas separated from large and medium-sized to smaller TZL particles exits into the existing outlet chimney pipe 10, from which they reach the atmosphere. The mutual connection of individual components creates a U-shaped flue gas path. By passing 5 flue gases through a U-shaped chimney separator, their flow is directed and larger particles are initially separated. By connecting the threaded rods 6 to an external voltage source, medium-sized to smaller particles of solid pollutants are separated from the flowing flue gases.

Industrial applicability

The chimney separator in the shape of the letter U can be used as a separator of smaller, medium-sized and larger fractions of solid pollutants from flue gases in the chimney tract of small heat sources used mainly in households.

SK 9611Υ1

List of relationship tags

- Small heat source

-Inlet chimney pipe

3-Knee

4-T-piece

- Part of the separator arm

- Threaded rod

- Plug

8 - Electrically non-conductive pad

- Pedestal

- Outlet chimney pipe

Claims (2)

SK 9611Υ1 CLAIMS FOR PROTECTION 1. U-shaped chimney separator located behind a small heat source (1) between the inlet chimney pipe (2) and the outlet chimney pipe (10), characterized in that 5 consists of at least two separator arms connected by inserting into the letter U and two elbows (3), where one elbow (3) is a separator connected to the inlet chimney pipe (2) for the supply of flue gases, and the other elbow (3) is connected to the outlet chimney pipe (10) for exhausting the flue gas after the separation of larger particles of solid pollutants , while the separator arm is formed by two T-pieces (4), a part (5) of the separator arm, a lower and an upper cover (7), where a threaded 10 rod (6) is inserted into each separator arm and attached to the upper cover (7) using of an electrically non-conductive pad (8) connected to an external voltage source for separating medium-sized to smaller particles of solid pollutants from the flowing flue gases in the chimney tract. 2. U-shaped chimney separator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is placed on a base (9) to ensure its stability in the chimney tract. 1 drawing