SK9780Y1 - Solar panel mounting system for inclined to vertical surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for mounting the solar panels (1) for inclined to vertical surfaces with the possibility of integration into the roof is described, in which the edges of the solar panel (1) are anchored to the longitudinal gutter (2), while on the lower edge of the panel field there is a drainage structure formed by a lower sheeting (10) in the form of a sheet metal strip inserted under the lower end of the longitudinal gutters (2) adapted to cover a surrounding roof cover (23) or to reach above or into the gutter (31). The upper end of the lower sheeting (10) extends under the lower end of the solar panel (1), and while on the side edge of the panel field there is a drainage structure formed by a side edging (9) in the form of a sheet profile, the first end of which rests on the longitudinal gutter (2), and the second end of which is adapted to be inserted under the surrounding roof cover (23) or to cover the edge of the roof. On the upper edge of the panel field there is a drainage structure adapted to be inserted under the surrounding roof cover (23) and/or a ridge (26).

Description

The field of technology

The technical solution concerns the area of attaching solar, especially photovoltaic or photothermal, panels, specifically attaching them on an inclined to vertical surface directly to the underlying structure, e.g. roofing sheets, with the possibility of integration into the surrounding covering or cladding, or separately without additional covering or cladding.

Current state of the art

Renewable energy sources are at the forefront of the interest of ecologically minded people and the energy concepts of states and organizations. One of the options for using solar energy is photovoltaic or photothermal panels. If you need energy for the home, the first choice is to place these panels on the roof. In the case of sloping roofs up to 90°, there are several options. These are mostly external constructions rising above the roof covering. Especially in the case of installing panels on an already finished roof.

The result of the installation in the surrounding covering is a visual unification of the panels with the roof/facade, and also an increase in savings for the covering or cladding, which are replaced by the panels.

In the current state of the art, several variants of installation into the roof covering of pitched roofs are known. One option is to use a plastic frame, which is fixed directly to the roof structure, and a solar panel is then inserted into the frame. The disadvantage is the low variability, when it is necessary to make a new frame for a different panel size, which entails increased financial and time costs and, of course, reduces the flexibility of the system as a whole.

Another option is to capture the panels using fixing profiles that are hung directly on the roof battens, as described in document DE10240939 B4. The result is panels with a slight overlap, which are not completely integrated in the roofing.

Another option is the installation of metal tubs directly on the roof structure, on which solar panels are placed, as in US10505492 B2. Even here it is not possible to say that the panels are visually united with the roof.

In EP2520876 B1, in turn, the possibility is described using peripheral strips fixed on the panels. The slats have hooks that can be caught in the guide slats fixed on the roof structure.

Another option is to use a frame that creates drainage channels. The outer cover is finished with flanges that drain water into the gutters. The frame is fixed to the roof structure, the panel is fixed to the frame using angles on the bottom and top. This system is described in patent document FR3002620 B1.

The goal is to provide a solution for placing photovoltaic or photothermal panels in an inclined or perpendicular surface so that the attachment is flexible due to the dimensional nuances of individual types of panels. Furthermore, the solution should include a method of drainage and a functional waterproofing connection with the surrounding roof or facade covering.

The essence of the technical solution

The stated goal is achieved by using a system for attaching solar panels to inclined or vertical surfaces. The system is installed separately or integrated into the roofing or facade cladding and includes at least one solar panel forming a panel array, at least two longitudinal gutters adapted to connect to the underlying structure and to be placed in the direction from top to bottom, and drainage structures on the edge of the panel array. The longitudinal channel is adapted to attach the solar panel.

Under the lower end of the longitudinal gutters is inserted a drainage structure formed by the lower sheeting in a similar sheet metal strip adapted to cover the surrounding covering or to be placed above the gutter or in the gutter, while the upper end of the lower sheeting extends below the lower end of the solar panel. This achieves drainage of the water flowing from the solar panel onto the surrounding covering/cladding or directly into the gutter, as long as the lower edge of the panel array reaches the lower edge of the roof.

A drainage structure formed by lateral edging in the form of a sheet metal profile rests on the outer side of the outermost longitudinal gutters, the first end of which rests on the longitudinal gutter and the second end is adapted to be inserted under the surrounding covering or to cover the edge of the roof. This ensures a waterproofing connection between the longitudinal gutter and the surrounding covering/cladding or directly at the edge of the roof. The water flowing from the solar panel is raised by the longitudinal gutter down to the roof, and the water flowing from the surrounding area around the solar panels, which could flow into the supporting structure between the panels and the surrounding roof, is carried away by the side flashing, while the joint of the flashing and the longitudinal gutter is watertight.

The drainage structure at the upper end of the longitudinal gutters is adapted to be inserted under the surrounding covering or ridge.

One variant of the solution for waterproofing the upper edge of the panel field at the upper end of the longitudinal gutters is the upper sheeting in the form of a sheet metal strip, which is adapted at the first end to be caught on the edge of the solar panel, at the other end is adapted to at least partially cover the surrounding covering or ridge. The run-off water is then directed through the solar panel and the lower sheeting down from the roof.

Another variant of the solution for waterproofing the upper edge of the panel array at the upper end of the longitudinal gutters is the drainage structure of the upper edge of the panel array formed by an upper transverse gutter connecting the longitudinal gutters in places below the upper edge of the panel array, and a perforated profile is attached to the upper edge of the solar panels located highest within the panel array , which protrudes away from the solar panel, while being adapted to be covered by the surrounding covering. The flowing water is thus lifted into the transverse gutter and flows freely through the longitudinal gutter onto the roof.

This system ensures the attachment of the solar panels to the underlying structure and, at the same time, the drainage of the entire system. The system is also flexible and can therefore be used in the case of full-surface coverage of the roof/facade of the building as well as for the placement of individual panels with integration into the folded roofing.

The bottom and top sheeting and the side sheeting are not connected to each other, which brings the advantage of the shape flexibility of the entire system with respect to the various shape and size differences between the solar panels of individual manufacturers.

In the event that the panel array includes several rows of solar panels, the system then includes at least one internal transverse channel placed in the horizontal direction and connected to the longitudinal channels in places below the horizontal connection of the two solar panels, while the lower edge of the internal transverse channel is inclined. In the event that the panel field consists of several rows of panels, transverse gutters ensure water drainage at the points of horizontal connection of two rows of panels. The water is raised from the transverse channel to the longitudinal channel and then flows to the surrounding covering.

The longitudinal gutter has a recess at the point of connection with the transverse gutter, which ensures easy drainage of the water flowing from the transverse to the longitudinal gutter.

The solar panel is anchored in the longitudinal channel using brackets to which the panel frame is attached during installation.

Clips for anchoring the solar panel can also be placed in the transverse channel to ensure greater stability of the system.

The bottom end of the bottom sheeting for use on roofs with profiled roofing has a self-adhesive formable strip. The malleable strip easily copies the shape of the roof covering, which increases the effect of protecting the internal structures of the underlying structure against leakage.

The upper sheeting and side metal sheeting is equipped on its upper surface with a sealing wedge placed parallel to the edge of the sheeting/lining and a seal is inserted into the gap between the panels and/or into the gap between the panel and the side sheeting, which increases the effect of protection against leakage.

A channel for routing cables is connected to the underlying structure in a place corresponding to the position of the connection box of the photovoltaic panels, which is located on the back of the panel, and is used for the output of electrical energy from the panel and its connection to the circuit.

Overview of images on drawings

The essence of the technical solution is further clarified on examples of its implementation, which are described using the attached drawings, where on:

fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the system model for a flat tile, fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the profiled tile system model, fig. 3 shows a detail of cable trays, fig. 4 shows the clip of cable trays, fig. 5 shows a section through a longitudinal trough, fig. 6 shows a section of the upper edge with upper plating, fig. 7 shows a section of the upper edge with a perforated L profile, fig. 8 shows the sealing between individual panels, fig. 9 shows the location of the sealing wedge on the side lining, fig. 10 shows the termination of the upper side of the panel field in the place of the ridge, fig. 11 shows the termination of the side of the panel field in the place of the shield, fig. 12 shows the termination of the lower side of the panel field in the place of the gutter.

Implementation examples

The mentioned embodiments show exemplary variants of the implementation of the technical solution, which, however, do not have any limiting effect in terms of the scope of protection.

The technical solution will be further explained on examples of implementations with reference to the relevant drawings. The term solar panel here refers to both photovoltaic and photothermal panels.

Example 1

One example of implementation is the system of attaching solar panels on a sloping roof with a flat roof covering, which is shown in fig. 1.

The system includes a solar panel 1, two longitudinal gutters 2 with attachments 4, upper sheeting 8, side lining 9 and lower sheeting 10. Longitudinal gutters 2 are formed by a sheet metal profile in the shape of the letter U or omega and are anchored to the sheets 14 of the roof structure using L profiles 3, or other auxiliary elements. The anchoring L profile 3 rests with one arm on the side of the longitudinal channel 2 and the other arm on the roof battens 14. The anchoring L profile 3 is preferably used from both sides of the longitudinal channel 2.

Alternatively, it is possible to anchor the gutter 2 directly to the roof batten 14. In this case, it is necessary to choose a water-tight connection variant so that there is no degradation of the batten material due to leaking moisture.

The solar panel 1 is anchored to the attachments 4 inside the longitudinal trough 2. The attachments 4 can take on different shapes, but it is preferably a U or L-shaped profile. letter C, the aluminum edge of the solar panel 1 can then be anchored directly to the edge of the longitudinal channel 2 without using the brackets 4.

The drainage structures of the edges of the solar panel 1 prevent the penetration of water into the internal structures of the roof. On the lower edge, the sheeting 10 is formed by a sheet metal strip, the longer edge of which is inserted under the lower end of the longitudinal gutter 2 and anchored in the roof structure so that it extends under the lower edge of the solar panel 1 and on the other side overlaps the roof covering 23, which achieves the desired effect , when the water flowing from the panel is raised to the upper surface of the surrounding roof covering 23 and drains down the roof.

Alternatively, it is possible to choose another material for drainage structures that is strong enough and resistant to weather conditions, such as materials from the group of plastics.

From the side of the solar panel 1, the protection against water is solved by means of the lateral edging 9 in the form of a shaped sheet metal profile in the shape of the letter L with folds 18, 19 on the edges of the arms (Fig. 5, Fig. 9). At the end of the first arm, there is an outward bend 18, which is caught on the edge of the outer wall of the longitudinal gutter 2. At the end of the second arm, there is a bend 19 inward and it is placed under the surrounding roof covering 23. The edging is attached to the roof structure using screws or other suitable connecting means. The lower edge of the side skirting 9 is finished above the lower sheeting 10, thereby achieving the fact that water, which would otherwise flow between the longitudinal gutter and the surrounding roof covering into the internal structure of the roof, is raised by the side skirting 9 and flows freely onto the lower sheeting 10 and beyond from the roof down.

On the upper side of the solar panel 1, the plating 8 is solved by a bent profile, on the longer edge of which there is a fold 17, which is caught by the edge L of the profile 20 fixed on the upper edge of the solar panel 1 (Fig. 6). The opposite edge is placed under the roof covering 23 and fixed to the roof structure. The bend is adapted to the shape of the panel and the width of the covering 23.

To increase the efficiency of the drainage structures, a flexible sealing wedge 24 is fixed on the edges of the side lining 9 and the upper sheeting 8, which is covered by the surrounding covering (Fig. 9).

In the case of photovoltaic panels, transverse cable trays 7 are fixed from the underside of the roof battens. They are installed with the help of clips 15 at the level corresponding to the connection box of the photovoltaic panel and are used for guiding the cables (Fig. 3, Fig. 4). The transverse cable channel 7 opens into the longitudinal cable channel 12, which safely leads the cables out of the space of the roof structure. In addition, a protective cover 13 opening into the transverse cable channel 7 is installed in the places of the connection box itself.

Alternatively, it is possible to add a transverse channel 5, 6 to stiffen the entire system. The transverse gutter connects two longitudinal gutters 2. At the junction of the transverse gutter 5, 6 and the longitudinal gutter 2, there are recesses in the wall of the longitudinal gutter that allow the lateral edges of the transverse gutter 5, 6 to be inserted.

Example 2

Another example is the attachment system on a sloping roof with a different water drainage solution on the upper edge of the solar panel 1. The system includes the solar panel 1, two longitudinal gutters 2 with attachments 4, an upper transverse gutter 5, a side skirting 9, a lower sheet metal 10 and a perforated L profile 22.

The upper parts of the longitudinal channels 2 are connected by the upper transverse channel 5 in a place below the upper edge of the solar panel 1. The longitudinal channels 2 have a recess in the places of connection with the transverse channel 5. In a preferred embodiment, at least one edge of the transverse channel 5 includes a bend 16 (Fig. 6) , which stiffens the profile. The solar panel 1 is installed in the longitudinal gutters 2 so that its upper edge lies in the places of the upper transverse gutter 5, which ensures the drainage of flowing rainwater. The transverse channel 5 is installed in such a way that its lower edge is sloped and ensures the drainage of water into the longitudinal channel 2.

The upper side of the solar panel 1 has an L profile 22 with perforation (Fig. 7). One or both arms of the profile 22 can be perforated. The profile 22 is attached to the frame of the solar panel 1 with one arm, and the other arm protruding away from the solar panel is partially covered by the cut roof covering 21, which is shortened to the required length. Water flowing from the roof passes through the perforation of the L profile 22, which serves as a filter for larger parts washed off the roof, such as small twigs, leaves, etc. The water is further raised by the transverse channel 5 into the longitudinal channel 2 and flows away.

Example 3

Another example is the attachment system on sloping roofs for multiple solar panels 1 forming a panel array. The system includes a solar panel 1, two longitudinal channels 2 with attachments 4, internal transverse channels 6 and drainage structures 8, 9, 10.

If the system includes several rows of solar panels 1, a transverse channel 6 connected to longitudinal channels 2 is installed in places below the horizontal connection of the panels. The transverse channel 6 is installed in such a way that its lower edge is sloped and ensures the drainage of water into the longitudinal channel 2. Gaskets 25 are inserted in the joints between the panels (Fig. 8).

Alternatively, it is possible to insulate the joints between the panels only with gasket 25, or instead of the internal transverse channels, leave a sheet metal profile in the shape of U, omega or another suitable shape, which will ensure the capture and drainage of water in case of leakage of gasket 25.

Example 4

Another example is attachment to vertical surfaces such as facades. The system is made up of the same components as in the previous examples. However, it is not attached to the roof structure, but a support grid or other support structure is attached to the wall of the building, or the gutters can be attached directly to the wall.

The construction is analogous to the previous examples, with the difference that the drainage structures 8, 9, 10 or the perforated L profile 22 are not covered by the roof covering 23, but by the facade cladding.

Example 5

In the event that profiled tiles are used as the roof covering 23, the lower sheeting 10 is supplemented with a self-adhesive formable strip 11, e.g. self-adhesive aluminum foil. The formable strip 11 is attached from the lower side of the lower sheeting 10 and overlaps the roof covering 23, thereby achieving a better result in protection against running water.

Example 6

Another implementation of the technical solution is the use of a system for attaching photovoltaic panels to the entire surface of the roof, or in cases where at least one edge of the panel field ends at the edge of the roof and thus does not connect to the surrounding covering. The same components as in the previous examples are used, but the processing of the waterproofing drainage structures is different.

The upper side of the roof is finished with a ridge. It is covered by a ridge 26, which is fixed to the roof structure using a ridge clip 27. On the upper side, drainage is ensured by means of an upper sheeting 8 in the form of a sheet metal strip with a bend on the lower side, which is caught behind the L profile 20 fixed on the edge of the solar panel 1 , on the opposite side anchored to the underlying structure and extending under the ridge 26 (as can be seen in Fig. 10). Alternatively, it is also possible to use the second variant, when an L profile 22 with perforation above the transverse gutter 5 is mounted on the upper side wall of the solar panel 1 and the end of the roof ridge is finished exactly on the perforated arm of the L profile 22.

On the sides, drainage is ensured by the leeward bar 28 captured by the bend 32 behind the edge of the outer side of the longitudinal channel 2. The leeward bar 28, the anchoring profile 29 and the longitudinal channel 2 are connected by rivets or other suitable connecting means (Fig. 11). The wind bar 28 covers the side wall of the longitudinal gutter 2 and the edge of the roof and prevents water from entering the internal structures of the roof.

On the lower side, drainage is ensured by means of the lower plating 10, formed analogously to the previous cases, which, however, extends beyond the edge of the roof 5 and drains the water into the gutter 31 (Fig. 12). To strengthen the edge of the roof, a base sheet for finishing the roof 30 is inserted.

List of relationship tags

- Solar panel

- Longitudinal gutter

- Anchoring L profile

- Extension

- Upper transverse gutter

- Internal transverse channel

- Transverse cable tray

- Upper plating

- Side edging

- Bottom plating

- Self-adhesive shapeable belt

- Longitudinal cable tray

- Protective cover

- Roof battens

- Cable tray clip

- Bending of the upper transverse channel

- Bending of the upper sheeting

- Bending the side trim outwards

- Bending of the side lining inwards

- L profile

- Finished roofing

- Perforated L profile

- Covering

- Sealing wedge

- Sealing

- Scallop

- Scallop clip

- Leeward bar

- Lateral anchoring profile

- Base sheet for finishing the roof

- Gutter

- Bending of the lee rail

Claims (12)

1. A system for attaching solar panels (1) to inclined to vertical surfaces with the possibility of integration into the covering (23), including at least one solar panel (1) forming a panel array, at least two longitudinal channels (2) adapted for connection with the underlying structure and for storage in the direction from top to bottom and drainage structures on the edge of the panel field, characterized by the fact that the longitudinal gutter (2) is adapted to attach the solar panel (1), while a drainage structure formed by the lower sheeting (10) is inserted under the lower end of the longitudinal gutters (2) ) in the form of a sheet metal strip adapted to cover the surrounding covering (23) or to reach above the gutter (31) or into the gutter (31), while the drainage structure formed by the lateral edging (9) rests on the outer side of the outermost longitudinal gutters (2) in the form of a sheet profile, the first end of which rests on the longitudinal gutter (2) and the second end of which is adapted to be inserted under the surrounding covering (23) or to cover the edge of the roof, while the drainage structure at the upper end of the longitudinal gutters (2) is adapted to be inserted under the surrounding covering (23) and/or ridge (26). 2. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage structure at the upper end of the longitudinal gutters (2) is formed by the upper sheeting (8) in the form of a metal strip, which is adapted to be caught on the edge at the first end of the solar panel (1) and at the other end is adapted to be at least partially covered by the surrounding covering (23) or ridge (26). 3. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage structure at the upper end of the longitudinal channels is formed by an upper transverse channel (5) connecting the longitudinal channels (2) with a perforated profile (22) which is at the first end adapted to be covered by the surrounding covering (21, 23) and at the other end is adapted to be connected to the solar panel. 4. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drainage structures are not connected to each other. 5. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes at least one internal transverse channel (6) placed in the horizontal direction and connected to the longitudinal channels (2), while the lower edge of the internal transverse channel (6 ) is in the slope. 6. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the longitudinal channel (2) has a recess at the point of connection with the transverse channel (5, 6). 7. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal channel (2) includes at least one attachment (4) for anchoring the solar panel (1). 8. The system for attaching solar panels (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the brackets (4) for anchoring the solar panel (1) are also located in the transverse channel (5, 6). 9. A system for attaching solar panels (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower end of the lower sheeting (10) for use on roofs with profiled roofing (23) has a self-adhesive formable strip (11). 10. The solar panel attachment system (1) according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper sheeting (8) and side edging (9) has a sealing wedge (24) on its upper surface parallel to the outer edge of the sheeting (8) or edging (9). 11. A system for attaching solar panels (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cable tray (7) is connected to the underlying structure. 12. Solar panel attachment system (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the protective cover (13) of the connection box is connected to the cable tray (7).